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This book argues that 3D films are becoming more sophisticated in utilising stereoscopic effects for storytelling purposes. Since Avatar (2009), we have seen a 3D revival marked by its integration with new digital technologies. With this book, the author goes beyond exploring 3D?s spectacular graphics and considers how 3D can be used to enhance visual storytelling. The chapters include visual comparisons between 2D and 3D to highlight their respective narrative features; an examination of the narrative tropes and techniques used by contemporary 3D filmmakers; and a discussion of the narrative implications brought by the coexistence of flatness and depth in 3D visuality. In demonstrating 3D cinematic aesthetics and storytelling, Yong Liu analyses popular films such as Hugo (2011), Life of Pi (2012), Gravity (2013), Star Trek Into Darkness (2013, and The Great Gatsby (2013). The book is an investigation into contemporary forms of stereoscopic storytelling derived from a unique, long-existing mode of cinematic illusions.

Introduction Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) for obstructive sleep apnea have traditionally been a prohibitive therapy for a large number of patients due to high out-of-pocket expense and access to dentistry. This study examined if an increasingly more accessible and user-friendly technology, 3D printing, may provide a cost-effective in-office workflow to increase access to MAD use. Methods Available pricing data was sourced via PubMed articles searching keywords “oral appliance”, “sleep apnea”, “mad” and “cost”. Additional price point data was compiled from publicly available information from the largest dental insurance provider in the United States, Delta Dental. Computer Aided Design (CAD) software Fusion360 was used to prototype a MAD and Stereolithography (SLA) printing using FormLab’s 3B+ printer was performed by a University-run 3D printing lab. Results Traditional cost per MAD ranges from 400USD – 2,450USD with a mean of 933USD (based on the only available 1997 pricing data). The total cost of the one-off MAD used in this study was 150USD (consumable cost of 2.66USD, labor cost of 147.34USD). This excluded the one-time 3D printer cost of 3,750USD. At 1 device printed per day over 1 year, total cost per printed device would be estimated at $22, which is 5% of the traditional cost of MAD. Total print time is estimated at 54 minutes, post processing time is estimated at 25 minutes, with a total MAD delivery to patient time of 1.3 hours. Conclusion Point-of-care 3D printed oral appliances are a feasible and inexpensive workflow to expand the use of MADs in the treatment of mild to moderate sleep apnea. Multiple barriers remain in integrating this workflow into patient care, including integration with dentistry. Support (if any)

\"The Art of Walt Disney\" author Christopher Finch tells the story of the pioneers of CG films.

Three-dimensional surface meshes are the most common discrete representation of the exterior of a virtual shape. Extracting relevant geometric or topological features from them can simplify the way objects are looked at, help with their recognition, and facilitate description and categorization according to specific criteria. This book adopts the point of view of discrete mathematics, the aim of which is to propose discrete counterparts to concepts mathematically defined in continuous terms. It explains how standard geometric and topological notions of surfaces can be calculated and computed on a 3D surface mesh, as well as their use for shape analysis. Several applications are also detailed, demonstrating that each of them requires specific adjustments to fit with generic approaches. The book is intended not only for students, researchers and engineers in computer science and shape analysis, but also numerical geologists, anthropologists, biologists and other scientists looking for practical solutions to their shape analysis, understanding or recognition problems.

\"When Avatar (2009) became the highest grossing movie of all time, it marked a high point in 3D cinema's turbulent history. Although 3D cinema draws in box-office takings that surpass 2D cinema, it continuously emerges and disappears as a passing fad. Experiments with 3D moving-images have been with us since the birth of cinema, and it is a form of visual expression already seen by billions of twenty-first century viewers, yet there is little understanding of how 3D cinema operates as an art form. We know that it simultaneously uses depth modes to approximate our visual reality and spectacular effects that go beyond traditional perception, but we do not have an appropriate grasp of its creative function. This book examines 3D cinema's unique visual regime in order to understand the optical illusions and tactile experiences that it presents\"-- Provided by publisher.

Research Type: Level 4 – Case series Introduction/Purpose: The complex, three-dimensional nature of Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) makes it difficult to grasp using conventional imaging displays. The new PCFD classification system categorizes deformities into Class A (hindfoot valgus), Class B (midfoot/forefoot abduction), Class C (forefoot varus/medial column instability), Class D (peritalar subluxation), and Class E (valgus talar tilt). Emerging technologies such as Weightbearing CT (WBCT) based 3D printing of patient-specific anatomical models may have the potential to enhance diagnostics by providing improved 3D visualization and a tactile experience. This study aimed to evaluate the inter- and intraobserver reliability of orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons in identifying each PCFD class relying solely on anatomical 3D-printed foot models. Methods: Sixty patients (37 female, 23 male; mean age 53 ±17.2 years) who underwent surgical correction of PCFD by a single surgeon were included. Preoperative weightbearing CT (WBCT) scans were semiautomatically segmented, and a 3D reconstruction (as stereolithography model) of each foot was created with linking bars between bones, and subsequently 3D-printed. Five fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeons independently assessed the models, blinded to clinical data. Without conducting measurements, they identified the presence or absence of PCFD classes A to E solely based on experience and visual-tactile analysis. Staging between flexible and rigid PCFD was not performed due to the presence of connecting bars. After several weeks, the assessments were repeated for a second reading. Percentage agreement within and between readers was calculated, and intra- and interobserver reliability for each PCFD class was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa and Fleiss’ kappa, respectively. Results: Intrarater reliability varied across PCFD classes. Class A showed perfect agreement (Cohen’s Kappa = 1.00). Other classes had moderate reliability, with Class D being the highest (Kappa = 0.66) and Class B the lowest (Kappa = 0.40). Agreement ranged widely, with Class A showing the highest consistency (96.7% - 100%) and Class E the lowest (75% - 91.7%). Inter-rater reliability also varied. Class A had perfect agreement (100%), making Fleiss’ Kappa undefined. The remaining classes had poor to fair agreement, with Class B showing the lowest reliability (75.7%, Kappa = 0.1). The most frequently observed class combinations were ABCD (30%), ABC (23%), and ABCDE (19%), while Class A (99.7%) and Class C (86.2%) were the most frequently described single classes. Conclusion: This study highlighted the potential of 3D printing for classifying PCFD cases. Inter- and intraobserver reliability varied across classes, with limitations in identifying all deformities solely from 3D-printed models without the WBCT images – an issue not present in the clinical setting. While Class A exhibited perfect agreement, Class B had the lowest kappa values, but still achieved intra- and interrater percent agreements of 91.7% and 75.7%, respectively. 3D printing may serve as a valuable supplement for diagnostics and treatment planning, but further research is needed to determine which model-specific factors influence readers' decisions compared to multiplanar WBCT imaging.

Introduction: the article discusses the legal aspect of 3D printing and computer 3D models, which are printed using a 3D printer. The prospects, threats and challenges that the development of 3D printing technologies entails are examined. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to adapt the new technological realities to the current legislation and it is necessary to take into account which particular object will be displayed in the three-dimensional model, since this will determine which rights to objects will be affected. Methods: the methodological basis of this scientific article is a number of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main place is occupied by methods of information processing and logical analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and generalization. Results: the author’s position on 3D models and their legal regulation is presented. Conclusions: as a result of the study, recommendations were made for improving the regulatory framework, the author proposes to delimit the legal protection of 3D models by amending Art. 1259, 1352 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

With the expectation of greatly enhanced user experience, 3D video is widely perceived as the next major advancement in video technology. In order to fulfil the expectation of enhanced user experience, 3D video calls for new technologies addressing efficient content creation, representation/coding, transmission and display. Emerging Technologies for 3D Video will deal with all aspects involved in 3D video systems and services, including content acquisition and creation, data representation and coding, transmission, view synthesis, rendering, display technologies, human perception of depth and quality assessment. Key features: * Offers an overview of key existing technologies for 3D video * Provides a discussion of advanced research topics and future technologies * Reviews relevant standardization efforts * Addresses applications and implementation issues * Includes contributions from leading researchers The book is a comprehensive guide to 3D video systems and services suitable for all those involved in this field, including engineers, practitioners, researchers as well as professors, graduate and undergraduate students, and managers making technological decisions about 3D video.