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This study presents a compact and high-efficiency microstrip antenna integrated with a square electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure for radio frequency energy harvesting to power battery-less Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and medical devices in the 5.8 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. The proposed antenna features a compact design with reduced physical dimensions of 36 × 40 mm2 (0.69λo × 0.76λo) while providing high-performance parameters such as a reflection coefficient of −27.9 dB, a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.08, a gain of 7.91 dBi, directivity of 8.1 dBi, a bandwidth of 188 MHz, and radiation efficiency of 95.5%. Incorporating EBG cells suppresses surface waves, enhances gain, and optimizes impedance matching through 50 Ω inset feeding. The simulated and measured results of the designed antenna show a high correlation. This study demonstrates a robust and promising solution for high-performance wireless systems requiring a compact size and energy-efficient operation.

A dual-band dual-mode patch antenna for on–on–off wireless body area network (WBAN) applications is proposed. The antenna consists of a half-circular patch with two shorting posts to generate a TM41 higher-order resonant mode and a bottom ground slot to generate additional resonance. To reduce the antenna size without seriously affecting the radiation pattern, the antenna is cut in half and operates in half-mode. The antenna has a vertical monopole-like radiation pattern in the 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band and a horizontal monopole-like radiation pattern in the 5.8 GHz ISM band. To evaluate the body effect, both 2.45 and 5.8 GHz muscle-equivalent phantoms were used. The overall dimensions of the proposed antenna is 30.5 × 62 × 3.15 mm.