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Recent evidence suggests that increasing overall service coverage and promoting access to telecommunications services have a high economic benefit. Overall, it is estimated that a ten percent increase in mobile telephony penetration could increase economic growth by 0.81 percent in developing countries, whereas a ten percent increase in broadband penetration could increase economic growth by 1.4 percent. In rural and low-income areas in particular, not only do basic telephony services and broadband access allow population to connect with relatives and friends, but they have also introduced a dramatic increase in productivity and in many cases have become the only way for small and medium enterprises in rural areas to access national and, in some cases, global markets. Moreover, the impact of access to telecommunications in rural areas on health, education, disaster management, and local governments has allowed better and more rapid responses, improved coordination, and more effective public management. It is therefore worthwhile to take a second look at all possible policy options, both conventional mechanisms (some of which underutilized) as well as new approaches, to determine whether some of them may be relevant for the emerging agenda of universal broadband access. This paper will first address the necessary conditions required to adopt a more ambitious universal access policy in developing countries. After that, a brief account of the main relevant trends in the industry will be made, followed by a description of twelve different mechanisms for project implementation and six different mechanisms for funding of universal access strategies. Then, an evaluation of the mechanisms will be carried out to identify the most suitable ones. Finally, some recommendations to policy makers on implementation of the preferred mechanisms are also drawn from the analysis.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the duties of local government units under the legal conditions related to access to the ICT network in Poland. Establishing public-private partnerships in the telecommunications sector, which is a field closely tied with cybersecurity, seems inevitable and necessary. The need to cooperate is the consequence of the development of information and communication technologies, which leads to their increasingly wide application in all aspects of social life. The tasks of local government involving network access have become key to the process of broadband network development. That is why public funding becomes particularly important in its absence, justified by the need to provide conditions for internet access as a human right. This has become especially topical as we face the challenges of COVID-19. Namen prispevka je opisati dolžnosti lokalnih upravnih enot pod zakonskimi pogoji, povezanimi z dostopom do omrežja IKT na Poljskem. Vzpostavitev javno-zasebnih partnerstev v telekomunikacijskem sektorju, ki je področje, tesno povezano s kibernetsko varnostjo, se zdi neizogibna in nujna. Potreba po sodelovanju je posledica razvoja informacijskih in komunikacijskih tehnologij, kar vodi v njihovo vse širšo uporabo na vseh področjih družbenega življenja. Naloge lokalne uprave, ki vključujejo dostop do omrežja, so postale ključne za proces razvoja širokopasovnih omrežij. Zato postane javno financiranje še posebej pomembno, če ga ni, kar upravičuje potreba po zagotavljanju pogojev za dostop do interneta kot človekovo pravico. To je postalo še posebej aktualno, ko se soočamo z izzivi COVID-19.

People with a disability do not have equitable access to the modern telecommunication medium. Many experience difficulty typing, handling the phone, dialling or answering calls. For those who are unable to speak, their independence, safety, security and self-esteem. This research was aimed at providing practical ways for people with a disability to participate in the extensive community of home and mobile phone users. The outcomes of ten participants taking part in the evaluation and trial of off the shelf telecommunication options are presented. Nine out of ten participants showed high to very high results in terms of their overall performance and satisfaction with the use of the telecommunication equipment provided. With the right policies, processes and support through equipment matching, education, training and delivery, current off-the-shelf solutions can help people with disabilities to effectively communicate with other members of our society and to access the same range of information systems and services enjoyed by able-bodied members of the community.

Late last year Videotron's final report on phase three of the third party Internet access trial was filed with the CRTC. The testing has been ongoing for over a year among lead cableco Videotron, technology vendors and members of the Canadian Association of Internet Providers (CAIP). Phase three was a tiny market trial conducted between August 10 and October 13, 2000 and with the technical questions mostly answered, this phase of the trial was focused on the business procedures required in order for a cableco to provide third party access to an independent Internet service provider (ISP). - In order for an ISP to route traffic from cable modem connected to the cable network, a logical, physical connection must be created between the ISP and Videotron according to eight steps: determining the point of connection (POI); defining the interconnection; ordering equipment; installing infrastructure equipment and routers; connecting the ISP; obtaining IP addresses from the ISP; configuring network routers and POI; testing the interconnection.

Consumers are being offered a \"take it or leave it\" package. If consumers want the benefits of cable broadband data transmission, they must use the Internet service provider owned by, or affiliated with, the local cable operator. The two U.S. broadband ISPs, @Home and Roadrunner, are largely owned by the cable companies. With the AT & T acquisition of the largest cable operator, TCI, and the pending acquisition of MediaOne, AT & T will control more than 50% of the cable systems in North America. The consequences of these restrictions on competition include higher prices, less consumer choice, stifled innovation, and constraints on the free flow of information and electronic commerce. The issues at stake recently came to a head in the city of Portland, Oregon. The City Council required as a condition of its approval of the transfer of the cable franchise from TCI to its new parent, AT & T, that the system permit the connection of multiple ISPs over the broadband cable network. The Portland case illustrates that communities will have an opportunity to ensure that broadband cable serves its customers by providing maximum choice.

Over the past ten years, private-sector-led growth has revolutionized access to telecommunications. Every region of the developing world benefitted in terms of investment and rollout. This revolution would have been impossible without government reform and oversight. Advanced information and communication infrastructure (ICI) are increasingly important to doing business in a globalizing world. Governments, enterprises, civil society, workers, and poor populations in the developing countries need more affordable access. This report proposes strategies that governments can carry out to attract private investment and ensure the continued evolution and spread of information and communication infrastructure. These strategies encompass more than sector policy alone, for investment decisions are based on a wide range of factors including, for example, the roles played by financial sector development and the broader investment environment. The strategies also include potential public sector investments that can catalyze ICI rollout in subsectors where the private sector is not prepared to intervene on its own.