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\"Using clear, illustrated step-by-step directions, these books explain how to create funky accessories with little bits of fabric, ribbon, buttons, and more. Basic sewing skills are taught, and ideas for other crafts are prompted. Equipment resources and glossary are included\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Intraoperative Brief Electrical Stimulation of the Spinal Accessory Nerve (BEST SPIN) for prevention of shoulder dysfunction after oncologic neck dissection: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial
Background
Shoulder dysfunction is common after neck dissection for head and neck cancer (HNC). Brief electrical stimulation (BES) is a novel technique that has been shown to enhance neuronal regeneration after nerve injury by modulating
the
brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) pathways. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of BES on postoperative shoulder function following oncologic neck dissection.
Methods
Adult participants with a new diagnosis of HNC undergoing Level IIb +/− V neck dissection were recruited. Those in the treatment group received intraoperative BES applied to the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) after completion of neck dissection for 60 min of continuous 20 Hz stimulation at 3-5 V of 0.1 msec balanced biphasic pulses, while those in the control group received no stimulation (NS). The primary outcome measured was the Constant-Murley Shoulder (CMS) Score, comparing changes from baseline to 12 months post-neck dissection. Secondary outcomes included the change in the Neck Dissection Impairment Index (ΔNDII) score and the change in compound muscle action potential amplitude (ΔCMAP) over the same period.
Results
Fifty-four patients were randomized to the treatment or control group with a 1:1 allocation scheme. No differences in demographics, tumor characteristics, or neck dissection types were found between groups. Significantly lower ΔCMS scores were observed in the BES group at 12 months, indicating better preservation of shoulder function (
p
= 0.007). Only four in the BES group compared to 17 patients in the NS groups saw decreases greater than the minimally important clinical difference (MICD) of the CMS (
p
= 0.023). However, NDII scores (
p
= 0.089) and CMAP amplitudes (
p
= 0.067) between the groups did not reach statistical significance at 12 months. BES participants with Level IIb + V neck dissections had significantly better ΔCMS and ΔCMAP scores at 12 months (
p
= 0.048 and
p
= 0.025, respectively).
Conclusions
Application of BES to the SAN may help reduce impaired shoulder function in patients undergoing oncologic neck dissection, and may be considered a viable adjunct to functional rehabilitation therapies.
Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov (
NCT02268344
, October 17, 2014).
Journal Article
I can make my own accessories : easy-to-follow patterns to make and customize fashion accessories
Provides step-by-step instructions and actual-size patterns to make a wide range of fun fashion accessories.
Book
The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19
The devastating effects of the recent global pandemic (termed COVID-19 for “coronavirus disease 2019”) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) are paramount with new cases and deaths growing at an exponential rate. In order to provide a better understanding of SARS CoV-2, this article will review the proteins found in the SARS CoV-2 that caused this global pandemic.
Journal Article
The art of the scarf : from classic knots and chic neckties, to stylish turbans, makeshift bags and more
Explains \"how to adapt your scarf to your personal style. From bold bows to more subtle knots, there is something for every scarf shape, texture, and taste\"--Amazon.com.
BOOK
Structure of the Ebola virus polymerase complex
Filoviruses, including Ebola virus, pose an increasing threat to the public health. Although two therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have been approved to treat the Ebola virus disease
1
,
2
, there are no approved broadly reactive drugs to control diverse filovirus infection. Filovirus has a large polymerase (L) protein and the cofactor viral protein 35 (VP35), which constitute the basic functional unit responsible for virus genome RNA synthesis
3
. Owing to its conservation, the L–VP35 polymerase complex is a promising target for broadly reactive antiviral drugs. Here we determined the structure of Ebola virus L protein in complex with tetrameric VP35 using cryo-electron microscopy (state 1). Structural analysis revealed that Ebola virus L possesses a filovirus-specific insertion element that is essential for RNA synthesis, and that VP35 interacts extensively with the N-terminal region of L by three protomers of the VP35 tetramer. Notably, we captured the complex structure in a second conformation with the unambiguous priming loop and supporting helix away from polymerase active site (state 2). Moreover, we demonstrated that the century-old drug suramin could inhibit the activity of the Ebola virus polymerase in an enzymatic assay. The structure of the L–VP35–suramin complex reveals that suramin can bind at the highly conserved NTP entry channel to prevent substrates from entering the active site. These findings reveal the mechanism of Ebola virus replication and may guide the development of more powerful anti-filovirus drugs.
Structural studies of the Ebola virus polymerase complex provide insights into its function and demonstrate the structural basis of its inhibition by suramin.
Journal Article
Structural insights into the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complexes from highly pathogenic Marburg and Ebola viruses
The Ebola and the Marburg viruses belong to the Filoviridae family, a group of filamentous, single-stranded, negative-sensed RNA viruses. Upon infection, uncontrolled propagation of the Ebola and the Marburg viruses causes severe hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality rates. The replication and transcription of viral genomes are mediated by a polymerase complex consisting of two proteins: L and its cofactor VP35. However, the molecular mechanism of filovirus RNA synthesis remains understudied due to the lack of high-resolution structures of L and VP35 complexes from these viruses. Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of the polymerase complexes for the Marburg virus and the Ebola virus at 2.7 Å and 3.1 Å resolutions respectively. Despite the similar assembly and overall structures between these two viruses, we identify virus-specific L–VP35 interactions. Our data show that intergeneric exchange of VP35 would diminish these interactions and prevent the formation of a functional chimeric polymerase complex between L protein and heterologous VP35. Additionally, we identify a contracted conformation of the Ebola virus polymerase structure, revealing the structural dynamics of the polymerase during RNA synthesis. These insights enhance our understanding of filovirus RNA synthesis mechanisms and may facilitate the development of antiviral drugs targeting filovirus polymerase.
The Ebola and Marburg viruses use polymerase complexes to replicate and transcribe their genome. Here, the authors present cryo-EM structures of the polymerase complexes of both viruses and identify virus-specific interactions.
Journal Article
The pocket square : 22 essential folds
\"When, where, and how should a gentleman wear the perfect pocket square? This bold accessory adds the final flourish and character to a well-dressed man's wardrobe. As delightfully entertaining as it is useful, the guide features twenty-two pocket square folds, from the simple and elegant Presidential to the complex and flamboyant Bouquet. Each fold is accompanied by easy-to-follow diagrams, bold color illustrations of how to wear a pocket square with panache, and brief descriptions and advice on when to wear each style.\"--Amazon.com.
BOOK
Characterization of accessory genes in coronavirus genomes
Background
The Covid19 infection is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a novel member of the coronavirus (CoV) family. CoV genomes code for a ORF1a / ORF1ab polyprotein and four structural proteins widely studied as major drug targets. The genomes also contain a variable number of open reading frames (ORFs) coding for accessory proteins that are not essential for virus replication, but appear to have a role in pathogenesis. The accessory proteins have been less well characterized and are difficult to predict by classical bioinformatics methods.
Methods
We propose a computational tool GOFIX to characterize potential ORFs in virus genomes. In particular, ORF coding potential is estimated by searching for enrichment in motifs of the
X
circular code, that is known to be over-represented in the reading frames of viral genes.
Results
We applied GOFIX to study the SARS-CoV-2 and related genomes including SARS-CoV and SARS-like viruses from bat, civet and pangolin hosts, focusing on the accessory proteins. Our analysis provides evidence supporting the presence of overlapping ORFs 7b, 9b and 9c in all the genomes and thus helps to resolve some differences in current genome annotations. In contrast, we predict that ORF3b is not functional in all genomes. Novel putative ORFs were also predicted, including a truncated form of the ORF10 previously identified in SARS-CoV-2 and a little known ORF overlapping the Spike protein in Civet-CoV and SARS-CoV.
Conclusions
Our findings contribute to characterizing sequence properties of accessory genes of SARS coronaviruses, and especially the newly acquired genes making use of overlapping reading frames.
Journal Article