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Spectral imaging is a fluorescence microscopy technique with several applications, including imaging of environment-sensitive probes, spectral unmixing and identification of fluorescent species. In confocal microscopes not equipped with a spectral detection unit, spectral images can be obtained using the lambda scan mode of the microscope, namely the sequential acquisition of images using a tunable emission filter or other dispersive optical elements. Unfortunately, the lambda scan mode has poor temporal resolution, is a photon-wasting technique, and is not ideal for the spectral imaging of live samples. Here, we describe a spectral imaging method that can be implemented on commercial confocal microscopes not equipped with a spectral detector. The method is based on simultaneous image acquisition in 4 contiguous spectral channels and spectral phasor analysis. We demonstrate that this method can be easily implemented on a Leica confocal laser scanning microscope, with better photon efficiency and temporal resolution than the lambda scan mode. We perform a 4-channel (4 C) spectral phasor analysis of live cells stained with the environment-sensitive ACDAN and Nile Red dyes. We can distinguish changes in spectral emission in the order of 5 nm between different subcellular compartments. We show that 4 C-spectral phasor can be used to decompose the Nile Red signal into 2 components and perform 3-color imaging in combination with a DNA dye in live organoids. Finally, we show that the 4 C-spectral phasor can be also used to unmix the signal of fluorescent proteins with overlapping emission spectra such as mEmerald and EYFP.

The interactions and structural organization of water molecules play a crucial role in a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. The ability of water to form hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) underpins its unique properties and enables it to respond dynamically to various environmental factors. These interactions at the molecular level may affect vital processes like protein folding, enzyme activity, and cellular organization. The presence of solutes and spatial constraints can alter the H-bonding network of water, and these effects are ubiquitous in the biological environment. In this study, we analyzed the fluorescence of 2-acetyl-6-(dimethylamino)naphthalene (ACDAN) fluorescence emission in water solutions containing kosmotropic and chaotropic salts and in agar hydrogels. Recently, this dye has proven invaluable in studying water network structure and dynamics, as its fluorescence signal changes based on the local dielectric environment, revealing variations in the dipolar relaxation of water. Our results show that ACDAN spectral response correlates with the degree of water ordering, providing important insights into solute–water interactions and water dynamics in free and confined environments.

Objective: Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic protozoon and the most common non-viral sexually transmitted pathogen. The present study was designed to determine the genotypes of T. vaginalis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism of actin gene.Methods: A total of 20 isolates from symptomatic females isolated and cryopreserved at Adnan Menderes University, Research and Training Hospital Parasitology Laboratory were included. The isolates from liquid nitrogen were thawed and grown in trypticase-yeast extract-maltose medium prior to the study. Following nucleic acid extraction, the actin gene of T. vaginalis was amplified using nested PCR and amplicons were concentrated with phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol precipitation. The final products were digested with HindII, MseI, and RsaI and were visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis.Results: Most isolates were actin genotype E (n=9, 45%). The remaining isolates were genotype G (n=7, 35%), genotype N (n=1, 5%), and genotype H (n=1, 5%); two were mixed genotypes of E and H (10%).Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to provide data on T. vaginalis genotypes in Turkey. However, further studies should be conducted to understand the molecular epidemiology of T. vaginalis at the national and global levels.

Bu çalışmada Stefan Zweig’ın, özyaşamöyküsünden izler taşıdığı kanısında olduğumuz “Acı Duygular” romanını yorumlama denemesinde bulunulmuştur. Zweig’ın sık kullandığı anlatım tekniklerinin ele aldığımız roman üzerindeki işlevi saptanmaya çalışılmış ve yazarın biyografi konusundaki ustalığına da değinilmiştir. Ayrıca Dünya ve Türk yazınının Zweig’a karşı tutumundan da söz edilmiştir In this study, we tried to interpret the Stefan Zweig’s novel called bitter Feelings we are of the opinion that it carries traces from his own life story. In this novel, we took narration techniques used commonly by Zweig, we tried to detect the function on the novel, and we mentioned his mastery about biography. In addition, we mentioned the attitudes of the World and Turkish literature against Zeig

Bu çalışmanın amacı, iskeletsel Sınıf II Bölüm I maloklüzyonu olan bireylerde Jasper Jumper apareyinin etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Çalışma grubumuz yaş ortalaması 14.0±1.7 olan 14 bireyden oluşmaktadır. Seviyelenme aşamasından ve Jasper Jumper apareylerinin kullanımından sonra, hastaların lateral sefalometrik radyografları ve alçı modelleri alınmıştır. Jasper Jumper apareyinin üst çene üzerinde retrüziv bir etkisinin olmadığı, ancak alt çenenin gelişimini stimüle ettiği saptanmıştır. SNB açısındaki, Co-Gn mesafesindeki, ön ve arka yüz yüksekliklerindeki artış ve ANB açısındaki düşüş, belirgin iskeletsel değişikliklerdir. Üst kesici dişler intrüze ve retrüze olurken, alt kesiciler ekstrüze ve protrüze olmuştur. Üst birinci büyük azı dişleri de, distal hareketle beraber intrüze olmuştur. Bunun aksine alt birinci büyük azı dişleri, ekstrüzyon ve meziyal hareket göstermiştir. Alçı model analizleri, Jasper Jumper kullanımı sırasında alt ve üst dental arklarda genişleme olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Evaluation of the effects of Jasper Jumper appliance in patients with Class II Division I malocclusion The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Jasper Jumper appliance in patients with skeletal Class II Division I malocclusion. The study group consisted of 14 subjects with a mean age of 14.0±1.7 years. Lateral cephalograms and study models of all the patients were obtained after the leveling phase and at the end of Jasper Jumper use. Jasper Jumper appliance did not have a retrusive effect on the maxilla, however, it stimulated mandibular growth. The increases in the SNB angle, Co-Gn distance, anterior and posterior face heights and the decrease in the ANB angle were significant skeletal changes. Maxillary incisors were intruded and retruded while lower incisors were extruded and protruded. Maxillary first molars were also intruded with significant distal drift. On the contrary, mandibular first molars showed extrusion and drifted mesially. Study model analysis sowed that expansion occurred both in the maxillary and mandibular dental arches during Jasper Jumper use.