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Development of a Unified Specimen for Adhesive Characterization—Part 2: Experimental Study on the Mode I Fracture Components
Adhesive bonding has been increasingly employed in multiple industrial applications. This has led to a large industrial demand for faster, simpler, and cheaper characterization methods that allow engineers to predict the mechanical behavior of an adhesive with numerical models. Currently, these characterization processes feature a wide variety of distinct standards, specimen configurations, and testing procedures and require deep knowhow of complex data-reduction schemes. By suggesting the creation of a new and integrated experimental tool for adhesive characterization, it becomes possible to address this problem in a faster and unified manner. In this work, following a previous numerical study, the mode I and II components of fracture-toughness characterization were validated experimentally in two different configurations, Balanced and Unbalanced. For mode I, it was demonstrated that both configurations presented similar numerical and experimental R-curves. The relative error against standard tests was lower than ±5% for the Balanced specimen; the Unbalanced system showed higher variations, which were predicted by the numerical results. Under mode II, the Balanced specimen displayed plastic deformation due to high deflections. On the contrary, the Unbalanced specimen did not show this effect and presented a relative error of approximately ±2%. Nonetheless, it was proven that this approach to obtain such data by using a single unified specimen is still feasible but needs further development to obtain with similar precision of standard tests. In the end, a conceptual change is proposed to solve the current mode II issues.
Journal Article
From gecko feet to ... adhesive tape
Introduces the concept of developing new products from observations in the natural world, focusing on adhesives and glues.
Book
Development of a Unified Specimen for Adhesive Characterisation—Part 1: Numerical Study on the Mode I Fracture Components
Adhesives are increasingly being employed in industrial applications as a replacement for traditional mechanical joining methods, since they enable improvements in the strength-to-weight ratio and lower the cost of the overall structures. This has led to a need for adhesive mechanical characterisation techniques that can provide the data needed to build advanced numerical models, allowing structural designers to expedite the adhesive selection process and grant precise optimisation of bonded connection performance. However, mechanically mapping the behaviour of an adhesive involves numerous different standards resulting in a complex network of various specimens, testing procedures and data reduction methods that concern techniques which are exceedingly complex, time-consuming, and expensive. As such, and to address this problem, a novel fully integrated experimental characterisation tool is being developed to significantly reduce all the issues associated with adhesive characterisation. In this work, a numerical optimisation of the unified specimen's fracture toughness components, comprising the combined mode I (modified double cantilever beam) and II (end-loaded split) test, was performed. This was achieved by computing the desired behaviour as a function of the apparatus' and specimens' geometries, through several dimensional parameters, and by testing different adhesives, widening the range of applications of this tool. In the end, a custom data reduction scheme was deduced and set of design guidelines was defined.
Journal Article
Impact of medical adhesives on persistent fluid extravasation at needle injection sites in patients with severe edema: a randomized controlled trial
Objective
To investigate the efficacy of medical glue in halting fluid extravasation at needle insertion sites in patients with severe edema.
Methods
Sixty patients with severe edema were recruited between June 2022 and June 2023 and randomly allocated into either the control group or the experimental group, with 30 cases in each. In the experimental group, after intramuscular injection, medical glue was administered at the needle insertion site, and covered with gauze dressing upon curing, and subsequently subjected to pressure bandaging. Patients were instructed to limit their activity. Meanwhile, the control group received conventional nursing procedures involving pressure bandaging and activity restriction. The effectiveness of nursing interventions in halting exudation, duration of hospitalization, duration of exudation, nursing expenses, skin complications (infection, rash, abrasion, abnormal sensation, etc.), and patient satisfaction with nursing care were monitored.
Results
Comparison between the two groups revealed statistically significant differences in several aspects: the success rate of halting exudation, duration of exudation, total skin complication rate, and overall satisfaction [83.3% vs. 20.0%, (2.20 ± 2.76) days vs. (7.33 ± 3.28) days, 6.67% vs. 33.33%, 80.00% vs. 36.67%,
P
< 0.05]. However, there were no statistically significant differences in hospitalization time and nursing expenses [(14.50 ± 5.17) days vs. (14.00 ± 3.95) days, (537.53 ± 264.19) yuan vs. (661.97 ± 305.55) yuan,
P
> 0.05].
Conclusion
Medical glue demonstrates effectiveness in halting fluid extravasation at needle insertion sites among patients experiencing severe edema. Additionally, it reduces the duration of exudation, diminishes skin complications resulting from exudation, and significantly enhances patient satisfaction with nursing care. Given these benefits, its clinical adoption and application are highly recommended.
Journal Article
Suture Pullout in Human Cadaveric Skin: Evaluation of HEMIGARD® Augmentation vs Suture Alone
Category:
Other; Ankle; Midfoot/Forefoot
Introduction/Purpose:
Closure of high-tension surgical wounds is a challenge frequently encountered during surgical procedures. The use of a novel adhesive augmentation device, HEMIGARD, has been proposed to decrease tension on wound closure and thereby increase the amount of force needed for suture pullout. In principle, this may help prevent wound dehiscence, skin edge necrosis and the sequelae thereof. We hypothesized that HEMIGARD augmentation of suture placement would require more force for suture pullout from human cadaveric lower extremity skin when compared to suture alone.
Methods:
In this study, HEMIGARD with suture was compared to suture alone on leg and foot measurements from four cadavers. One side of the incision was used to test the HEMIGARD according to the manufacturer's instructions. The other side of the same incision was used to test the same suture material, passed without HEMIGARD, to allow for direct comparison. A force gauge was used to measure the Newtons of force required for suture pullout. A total of 30 measurements were recorded per cadaver; 15 using HEMIGARD and 15 using suture alone.
Results:
No difference was observed between HEMIGARD and suture alone in the amount of force required for suture pullout. When excluding instances of HEMIGARD adhesive failure, which occurred in 67% of measurements, the HEMIGARD was found to be superior to suture alone in the cadaveric foot, but not in the leg.
Conclusion:
The amount of force required for suture pullout from human cadaveric lower extremity skin did not significantly differ when using HEMIGARD augmentation of suture placement versus using suture alone. However, when excluding instances of HEMIGARD adhesive failure, the HEMIGARD may be superior to suture alone in the cadaveric foot, but not in the cadaveric leg.
Journal Article
A Review of Structural Adhesive Joints in Hybrid Joining Processes
Hybrid joining (HJ) is the combination of two or more joining techniques to produce joints with enhanced properties in comparison to those obtained from their parent techniques. Their adoption is widespread (metal to metal joint, composite to composite and composite to metal) and is present in a vast range of applications including all industrial sectors, from automotive to aerospace, including naval, construction, mechanical and utilities. The objective of this literature review is to summarize the existing research on hybrid joining processes incorporating structural adhesives highlighting their field of application and to present the recent development in this field. To achieve this goal, the first part presents an introduction on the main class of adhesives, subdivided by their chemical nature (epoxy, polyurethane, acrylic and cyanoacrylate, anaerobic and high-temperature adhesives) The second part describes the most commonly used Hybrid Joining (HJ) techniques (mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding, welding processes and adhesive bonding) The third part of the review is about the application of adhesives in dependence of performance, advantage and disadvantage in the hybrid joining processes. Finally, conclusions and an outlook on critical challenges, future perspectives and research activities are summarized. It was concluded that the use of hybrid joining technology could be considered as a potential solution in various industries, in order to reduce the mass as well as the manufacturing cost.
Journal Article
10-MDP Based Dental Adhesives: Adhesive Interface Characterization and Adhesive Stability—A Systematic Review
The incorporation of functional monomers in dental adhesive systems promotes chemical interaction with dental substrates, resulting in higher adhesion forces when compared to micromechanical adhesion only. The 10-MDP monomer, whose chemical structure allows for a polar behavior which is favorable to adhesion, also promotes the protection of collagen fibers through the formation of MDP-calcium salts. This systematic review aimed to characterize the interface created by 10-MDP containing adhesive systems through an evaluation of the following parameters: Formation of nano-layered structures, capacity to produce an acid-base resistant zone, and adhesion stability. The research was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase, limited to English, Spanish, and Portuguese articles. The research was done according to the PICO strategy. The 10-MDP monomer has the capacity to produce an acid-base resistant zone on the adhesive interface, which increases the response to acid-base challenges. The adhesion established by these systems is stable over time. To have the best of these adhesive solutions, a scrubbing technique must be used to apply the adhesive system on dental substrates, in order to improve monomers infiltration and to create a stable bond. Time must be given for the solution to infiltrate, hybridize and form the MDP-Ca, improving adhesive stability.
Journal Article
Convergent synthesis of diversified reversible network leads to liquid metal-containing conductive hydrogel adhesives
Many features of extracellular matrices, e.g., self-healing, adhesiveness, viscoelasticity, and conductivity, are associated with the intricate networks composed of many different covalent and non-covalent chemical bonds. Whereas a reductionism approach would have the limitation to fully recapitulate various biological properties with simple chemical structures, mimicking such sophisticated networks by incorporating many different functional groups in a macromolecular system is synthetically challenging. Herein, we propose a strategy of convergent synthesis of complex polymer networks to produce biomimetic electroconductive liquid metal hydrogels. Four precursors could be individually synthesized in one to two reaction steps and characterized, then assembled to form hydrogel adhesives. The convergent synthesis allows us to combine materials of different natures to generate matrices with high adhesive strength, enhanced electroconductivity, good cytocompatibility in vitro and high biocompatibility in vivo. The reversible networks exhibit self-healing and shear-thinning properties, thus allowing for 3D printing and minimally invasive injection for in vivo experiments.
The need for multifunctional materials for tissue engineering applications requires the development of multicomponent systems. Here, the authors report on the creation of a liquid metal-containing hydrogel with multiple covalent and noncovalent bonds to produce a tailorable, biocompatible biomaterial.
Journal Article