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Background: The spread of COVID-19 along with strict public health measures have resulted in unintended adverse effects, including greater levels of distress, anxiety, and depression. This study examined relative presentations of these psychopathologies in different age groups in a Canadian cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Participants were subscribers to the Text4Hope program, developed to support Albertans during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey link was used to gather demographic information and responses on several self-report scales, such as Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: There were 8267 individuals who completed the survey, giving a response rate of 19.4%. Overall, 909 (11.0%) respondents identified as ≤25 years, 2939 (35.6%) identified as (26–40) years, 3431 (41.5%) identified as (41–60) years, 762 (9.2%) identified as over 60 years, and 226 (2.7%) did not identify their age. Mean scores on the PSS, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scales were highest among those aged ≤25 and lowest amongst those aged >60 years old. Conclusions: The finding that the prevalence rates and the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression on standardized scales to decrease from younger to older subscribers is an interesting observation with potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19.

This study aims to highlight the difficulties that students encounter in online education depending on their gender and age group. 143 students participated in the study, 68 male and 75 female, aged between 18 and 50, with M = 37.4 and SD = 4.5 from the urban environment, humanistic profile. The study aims to test three research hypotheses, which aim to identify differences between attendance at classes and gender and age category, between difficulties, participant gender and age category.

This study sought to evaluate the training load in different age category soccer players associated with distinct pitch size small-sided games (SSGs). Twenty-four soccer players (eight in each age category: U-12, U-15, and U-23) performed three consecutive 4 vs. 4 ball possession SSGs (SSG1: 16 × 24 m; SSG2: 20 × 30 m; and SSG3: 24 × 36 m) all with 3 min duration and 3 min rest. Subjects carried ultra-wideband-based position-tracking system devices (WIMU PRO, RealTrack System). Total distance covered increased from SSG1 to SSG3 in all age categories and predominantly in running speeds below 12 km·h−1. Moreover, distance covered in 12–18 km·h−1 running speed was different in all performed SSGs and age categories. Residual or null values were observed at 18–21 km·h−1 or above running speed, namely in U-12, the only age category where metabolic power and high metabolic load distance differences occurred throughout the performed SSGs. Edwards’ TRIMP differences between age categories was only observed in SSG2 (U-12 < U-15). The design of SSGs must consider that the training load of the players differs according to their age category and metabolic assessment should be considered in parallel to external load evaluation in SSGs. Wearable technology represents a fundamental support in soccer.

Background: This study aimed to create preliminary anthropometric and physiological profiles of Hungarian male soccer players belonging to different age categories (14, 15, 16, and 17–18-years) and assigned to different playing positions (forward, defender, midfielder, goalkeeper). Methods: Anthropometric and physiological profiles were created for four age groups: 14- (n = 20), 15- (n = 16), 16- (n = 22) and 17–18-year-olds (n = 23) representing the Hungarian soccer academy. Additionally, the variables were analyzed across the four player positions mentioned above. Results: The mean values of body mass, fat mass and BMI were within normal limits, although in some cases the anthropometric and body composition values were too high, particularly among the 17–18-year-olds. The mean values of HRrest were lowest among the 15-year-olds. The highest mean and maximal values of rVO2max and rVO2/AT [57.6 ± 8.12 (43.8–68.3) and 51.2 ± 7.24 (38.9–60.8) mL/kg/min, respectively] were noted in 14-year-olds. Goalkeepers performed significantly better than the remaining soccer players in terms of the most anthropometric and physiological characteristics, except for the Yo-Yo test (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The values of anthropometric parameters increased with age. As expected, the oldest group achieved the best results in the performance tests. Goalkeepers outperformed the players representing other playing positions in the tests when assessing lower limb strength, sprint performance (5- and 10-m distance), and agility tests. From a practical point of view, the presented anthropometric and physiological profiles of players representing different age groups and playing positions can be useful for soccer coaches, strength and conditioning specialists, and athletic trainers of other soccer clubs in terms of the individualization and optimalization of soccer training.

Background Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive imaging method for breast cancer detection and is therefore offered as a screening technique to women at increased risk of developing breast cancer. However, mammography is currently added from the age of 30 without proven benefits. The purpose of this study is to investigate the added cancer detection of mammography when breast MRI is available, focusing on the value in women with and without BRCA mutation, and in the age groups above and below 50 years. Methods This retrospective single-center study evaluated 6553 screening rounds in 2026 women at increased risk of breast cancer (1 January 2003 to 1 January 2014). Risk category ( BRCA mutation versus others at increased risk of breast cancer), age at examination, recall, biopsy, and histopathological diagnosis were recorded. Cancer yield, false positive recall rate (FPR), and false positive biopsy rate (FPB) were calculated using generalized estimating equations for separate age categories (< 40, 40–50, 50–60, ≥ 60 years). Numbers of screens needed to detect an additional breast cancer with mammography (NSN) were calculated for the subgroups. Results Of a total of 125 screen-detected breast cancers, 112 were detected by MRI and 66 by mammography: 13 cancers were solely detected by mammography, including 8 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ. In BRCA mutation carriers, 3 of 61 cancers were detected only on mammography, while in other women 10 of 64 cases were detected with mammography alone. While 77% of mammography-detected-only cancers were detected in women ≥ 50 years of age, mammography also added more to the FPR in these women. Below 50 years the number of mammographic examinations needed to find an MRI-occult cancer was 1427. Conclusions Mammography is of limited added value in terms of cancer detection when breast MRI is available for women of all ages who are at increased risk. While the benefit appears slightly larger in women over 50 years of age without BRCA mutation, there is also a substantial increase in false positive findings in these women.

The characteristics of a given target market are one of the main factors that need to be considered when selecting media to transmit a promotional message and achieve successful advertising. The authors of this paper will present the effectiveness of direct marketing media for different age groups of consumers in Serbia, with the aim of proposing a promotional-media mix of direct marketing media for consumers in different age categories. The aim of the research is to find out which direct marketing media are the most effective and which media are most suitable to respondents as members of a particular target group depending on their age and in relation to consumer habits. Effectiveness was observed on the basis of the frequency of reading promotional advertisents via direct marketing media in relation to the age of respondents.

It is very important for coaches in charge of selection to know the competition level based on the athletes registered, as well as to assess the gymnasts’ capacity to achieve the expected performance. In international artistic gymnastics competitions, access to the all-around (C2), apparatus (C3), and team (C4) finals is determined based on the results of the qualification round (C1). A specialist who competes on only one or two apparatuses may have a chance to win medals on those apparatuses but may also be a disadvantage to the team score. Based on the nominative entries submitted by each competing nation one month prior to the 2022 European Championships held in Munich, we extracted previous individual scores from national and international competitions over a period of six months before the 2022 EC. Individual standard deviations were computed for each competing athlete, and their mean and maximal scores were used as two predictive outcomes. The individual standard deviation on still rings showed a low Q1, median, Q3, and IQR for both junior and senior MAG, while pommel horse exhibited greater variability. Among WAG athletes, those competing in junior and senior vault and floor had lower Q1, median, Q3, and IQR compared to uneven bars and balance beam. When comparing both predictions (mean and maximal values) to the scores obtained in Munich, small differences were observed in terms of random errors. However, a large systematic error indicated a significant overestimation in the maximal prediction, explained by the fact that athletes are not always able to perform at their best. The percentage of gymnasts with a score less than 0.30 points away from the mean prediction ranged from 28.1% (senior floor) to 58.9% (junior still rings) for MAG and from 23.9% (junior balance beam) to 70.7% (senior vault) for WAG athletes. The simple method outlined in this article provides information about the method’s reliability on different apparatuses, as well as insight into the accuracy of score predictions across the apparatuses. Zelo pomembno je, da vaditelji poznajo raven tekmovanja na podlagi prijavljenih športnikov ter ocenijo sposobnost telovadcev za dosego pričakovane učinkovitosti. Na mednarodnih tekmovanjih v orodni telovadbi je nastop v finalih v mnogoboju (C2), na orodjih (C3) in ekipnem tekmovanju (C4) določen na podlagi rezultatov predtekmovanj (C1). Posamezniki, ki tekmuje le na enem ali dveh orodjih, ima lahko priložnost za osvajanje odličij na teh, vendar lahko slabost predstavlja moštveni rezultat. Na podlagi poimenskih prijav, ki so jih posamezne države poslale mesec dni pred Evropskim prvenstvom 2022 v Münchnu, smo izračunali pretekle posamezne rezultate iz državnih in mednarodnih tekmovanj v obdobju šestih mesecev pred EP 2022. Izračunana so bila posamezna standardna odstopanja za vsakega tekmovalca, povprečni in najvišji rezultati pa so bili uporabljeni kot dve napovedni spremenljivki. Posamezen standardni odklon na krogih je pokazal nizke vrednosti Q1, mediane, Q3 in IQR (rang med kvartili) tako med mladinci kot tudi med člani, medtem ko je konj z ročaji pokazal večjo spremenljivost. Pri tekmovalkah so imele tiste, ki so tekmovale pri mladinkah in članicah na preskoku ter na parterju, nižje vrednosti Q1, mediane, Q3 in IQR v primerjavi z dvovišinsko bradljo in gredjo. Ko smo primerjali obe napovedi (povprečne in največje vrednosti) z rezultati doseženimi v Münchnu, smo opazili majhne razlike v smislu naključnih napak. Vendar pa je velika sistematična napaka nakazovala pomembno previsoko napoved za največje vrednosti, kar je bilo pojasnjeno s tem, da športniki niso vedno sposobni izvesti nastopa na najboljši možen način. Delež orodnih tekmovalcev, katerih rezultat je bil manjši od 0,30 točke od povprečne napovedi, je pri moški orodni telovadbi znašal od 28,1 % (člani, parter) do 58,9 % (mladinci,  krogi) in od 23,9 % (mladinke, gred) do 70,7 % (članice, preskok) za žensko orodno telovadbo. Enostaven način predstavljen v tem članku nudi podatke o zanesljivosti in natančnost napovedi rezultatov na teh orodjih.

Background: Lower limb asymmetry is a critical factor influencing performance and injury risk in football players. Despite the increasing popularity of women’s football, limited research has examined how asymmetry varies across different age categories. This study aimed to investigate countermovement jump (CMJ) and horizontal jump (HJ) asymmetry in female football players across four age categories (U14, U16, U18, and +18). Methods: Seventy-six female football players from the same club participated in the study. Players performed unilateral CMJ and HJ tests to assess inter-limb asymmetry. A one-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests were conducted to examine age-related differences in asymmetry levels. Results: CMJ asymmetry significantly varied across age groups (p < 0.001), with the highest asymmetry observed in U14 and the lowest in +18. In contrast, HJ asymmetry remained consistently low across all age groups (p = 0.113). No significant correlation was found between CMJ and HJ asymmetry. Additionally, asymmetry levels in CMJ were significantly associated with age (p = 0.003), whereas no such association was observed for HJ. Conclusions: CMJ asymmetry is more prevalent in younger female football players and tends to decrease with age, suggesting that neuromuscular development plays a role in reducing asymmetry over time. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring asymmetry levels across different age groups to optimize training interventions and injury prevention strategies.

Knowing the personality and autonomy factors of bodybuilders is a necessity in order to improve sports training, which would lead to the development of mental skills specific to competitive bodybuilding. The purpose of the study was to identify perception differences in personality and autonomy factors for three age categories of competitive bodybuilders in order to optimize the sports training process. The secondary purpose of the study was to identify perception differences in the characteristics of personality and autonomy in relation to the increase in the sporting age category of the competitive bodybuilders. The research sample included 30 competitive bodybuilders aged between 18 and 53 years, of which 21 were male and 9 were female, who were divided into three groups according to the sporting age category: G1—junior (18–23 years old), 10 athletes (33.3%); G2—senior (24–35 years old for female and 24–40 years old for male), 12 athletes (40%); G3—masters (over 35 years old for female and 40 years old for male), 8 athletes (26.7%). In the precompetitive stage, three standardized questionnaires were applied to the study participants, namely, two personality questionnaires (CP5F and ZKPQ) and a personal autonomy questionnaire (PAQ), which provided us with useful information for understanding the psychological profile of bodybuilding athletes. The results of the study were statistically significant, with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient indicating high internal consistency of the three questionnaires for all three sporting age groups, with higher values than the selected reference threshold of 0.700. According to the results of our study, the following personality and autonomy factors recorded higher and higher scores in direct relation with the increase in sporting age: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, autonomy, impulsive sensation seeking, value autonomy, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy. The personality and autonomy factors of which the scores did not increase directly proportionally to the sporting age category were sociability, activity, aggression–hostility, neuroticism–anxiety, and emotional autonomy. Competitive bodybuilders perceive the factors of personality and autonomy differently in relation to particularities of age and sports experience, and knowledge of these changes can contribute to the improvement of the sports training process

This study aimed to compare the anthropometric and physical characteristics of elite 15-, 16-, and 17-year-old male soccer players by playing position. We recruited 238 players under 17 years of age from Chinese professional soccer clubs. The measurements included body height and mass, body girth and length, and body composition. The countermovement jump (CMJ), T-test, and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1) were used to assess physical ability. The results revealed that the U16 and U17 players had significantly greater body mass ( p  < 0.05), body height ( p  < 0.05), muscle mass ( p  < 0.05), lower limb length ( p  < 0.05), and chest girth ( p  < 0.05) than did the U15 players. Significant differences in calf girth ( p  < 0.001), thigh girth ( p  < 0.05), and Achilles tendon length ( p  < 0.05) were observed between the U17 group and U15 group. Additionally, the U16 group and U17 group both scored significantly better than the U15 group on the 5-m sprinting test, 20-m sprinting test, 30-m sprinting test ( p  < 0.001), single left jump test with arm swing ( p  < 0.001), single right jump test with arm swing ( p  < 0.001), T-test ( p  < 0.001), CMJ test ( p  < 0.001), and YYIR test ( p  < 0.001). Furthermore, U17 players performed significantly better on the CMJ test ( p  < 0.001) and YYIR test ( p  < 0.001) than U16 players did. This study revealed significant differences in body height, body mass, muscle mass, chest girth, lower limb length, ankle circumference, calf length, Achilles tendon length, 20-m speed, 30-m speed, and YYIR test results among the six playing position groups. Goalkeepers and central defenders had significantly greater body heights than players at other playing positions. Goalkeepers scored significantly lower on the YYIR test than players in other positions did. These findings revealed the anthropometric and physical characteristics of elite 15-17-year-old male soccer players in China, helping soccer coaches better understand the anthropometric and physical characteristics across ages and playing positions when selecting youth soccer players and optimizing soccer training programs. Moreover, youth soccer players can gain insights into their own strengths and weaknesses, enabling them to develop training for personal improvement.