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S65 Capillary carbon dioxide as a measure of disease severity in acute bronchiolitis
Carbon dioxide (CO2) using capillary blood gas (CBG) analysis is commonly used children with acute bronchiolitis. Evidence to support its use is limited.A retrospective observational study was conducted over two bronchiolitis seasons (2014 -2016) of infants admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital using patient electronic medical records. Using logistical regression models (STATA/IC 12.1) the association between CBG pCO2 and markers of disease severity (length of stay (LOS) and high dependency admission (HDU)) was examined.332 children were assessed with 526 CBG performed in 158 infants (mean age 0.31 years, 54% male, 27% premature, 77% RSV positive). The initial CBG pCO2 was a mean 5.9kPa (SD1.1) and a maximum mean of 6.4kPa (SD1.5). Median LOS was 3 days (range 0–35). A CBG pCO2 >7.0kPa during the admission (in 23% infants (36/158)) was significantly associated with younger age (OR 0.005 (95%CI 0.0007, 0.03); p<0.0001), the use of supplemental oxygen (OR 1.9 (95%CI 1.1, 3.3); p=0.033) (adjusted for age) and inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO2) (slope coefficient 2.01 (95%CI 1.08, 2.94), p<0.0001) (adjusted for age). In 62% (98/158) a CBG was performed in ED and a pCO2 >7kPa (N=26/98) in ED was significantly associated with LOS (IRR 1.4 (95%CI 1.1,1.8); p=0.008) and HDU admission (OR 3.5 (95%CI 1.7,7.8); p=0.001).CBG pCO2 >7 kPa identifies children in ED with more severe disease with longer length of stay and risk of admission to HDU. Our results suggest that CBG pCO2 may be a possible marker of severity in future intervention trials for bronchiolitis.
Journal Article
Reading the Middle Ages : sources from Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic world
\"The third edition of Reading the Middle Ages retains the strengths of previous editions-thematic and geographical diversity, clear and informative introductions, and close integration with A Short History of the Middle Ages-and adds significant new material on the Mediterranean region, as well as new readings from the Byzantine and Islamic worlds. The \"Reading through Looking\" sections, designed to showcase how historians study medieval material culture, are expanded and reorganized with a special focus on material objects and weapons and warfare in the Middle Ages. The stunning color insert has been updated, several new maps have been produced, and a new genealogy on the Islamic world has been included.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Annos undeviginti natus: Augustus' Assumption of Power
This essay argues that the statement by Augustus at the head of the Res Gestae about his age at the inception of his power has been mistakenly translated to make him nineteen years old. By considering other cases where known ages can be checked against the use of the formula annos natus, it can be shown that the standard Roman mode of computing age by counting inclusively applies in this instance as it does in all others. In his Res Gestae, Augustus deliberately presented himself as assuming power directly upon the decease of his adoptive father when he initiated his actions as a privatus to save the res publica.
Journal Article
F63 Preliminary results from Q-MOTOR/Q-COG analyses in the repair-hd study
BackgroundThe Q-Motor assessment battery has been designed to quantitatively measure motor deficits and progression for use in clinical studies. The assessments have shown to be able to detect subtle motor changes reliably and with absence of rater induced bias. The Q-Cog assessment battery adds assessments with an increased cognitive share, with the goal to achieve a comparable level of sensitivity for cognitive deficits of participants. The EUFP 7 funded Repair-HD (www.repair-hd.eu) study is the first to implement the Q-Cog assessments for exploratory analyses.AimsTo identify sensitive and robust measures to quantitatively track cognitive progression in HD.MethodsThe analyzed data set includes 128 participants (52 controls, 76 HD manifest TFC stage I or II, mean age: 51 (22–78), female: 54). Statistical analyses were performed using generalized linear mixed models in R. Motor and cognitive tests were included in the assessment battery.Cognitive Assessments:Force Matching: To match a visually presented force by applying pressure on a force transducer. Blinded Force Matching: Reproduction of presented force by memory (without visual feedback).Morse Code Mimicry: To tap an acoustically presented Morse code (series of short and long beeps) on a force transducer.Trail Making: Connect dots numbered from 1 to 25 (test A) or alternating digits and letters 1,A,2,B … to 13 (test B), using a 6-axis motion tracker pen.Motor Assessments:Speeded Finger Tapping, Metronome Tapping, Grasping & Lifting, Spiral Drawing.ResultsHighly significant differences between control and manifest group could be found for various variables in all performed tests. Assessment of of cognitive function using the tests described is feasible and test-retest assessment shows low variability.ConclusionWhile results from motor tasks reproduce previous findings, the cognitive assessments, too, are able to discriminate control groups from manifest population robustly. The long-term longitudinal performance, robustness and possible redundancy of the novel variables is yet to be explored. Further analysis is required to separate motor and cognitive effects through ratios of variables of the different assessments.
Journal Article
Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs): Formation, Chemistry, Classification, Receptors, and Diseases Related to AGEs
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) constitute a non-homogenous, chemically diverse group of compounds formed either exogeneously or endogeneously on the course of various pathways in the human body. In general, they are formed non-enzymatically by condensation between carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and free amine groups of nucleic acids, proteins, or lipids, followed by further rearrangements yielding stable, irreversible end-products. In the last decades, AGEs have aroused the interest of the scientific community due to the increasing evidence of their involvement in many pathophysiological processes and diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, and even infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. They are recognized by several cellular receptors and trigger many signaling pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite many experimental research outcomes published recently, the complexity of their engagement in human physiology and pathophysiological states requires further elucidation. This review focuses on the receptors of AGEs, especially on the structural aspects of receptor–ligand interaction, and the diseases in which AGEs are involved. It also aims to present AGE classification in subgroups and to describe the basic processes leading to both exogeneous and endogeneous AGE formation.
Journal Article