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"AGRICULTURAL TRADE"
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Enabling the business of agriculture 2016 : comparing regulatory good practices
Building on the progress report published in November 2014, Enabling the Business of Agriculture 2016: Comparing regulatory good practices provides a tool for policymakers to identify and analyze legal barriers for the business of agriculture and to quantify transaction costs of dealing with government regulations. The report presents the main results for 40 countries, for the first time using indicator scores to showcase good practices among countries in different stages of agricultural development. It also presents interesting results on the relationship between efficiency and quality of regulations, discriminatory practices in the laws and whether regulatory information is accessible. Regional, income-group and country-specific trends and data observations are presented on six topics: seed, fertilizer, machinery, finance, markets and transport. The report also discusses the continued development of several topics which will be added in future reports: information and communication technology, land, water, livestock, gender and environmental sustainability. Data are current as of 31 March, 2015.
Book
Agricultural Trade Liberalisation in the 21st Century: Has It Done the Business?
Based on a novel, detailed, time-consistent tariff database taking account of import protection developments in the agricultural sector since 2001, we propose a statistical decomposition of the changes in the various types of tariffs. The results show that the multilateral system has played a limited role in trade liberalisation over the period. Many countries have continued to apply much lower tariffs on agricultural products than their WTO ceilings. Moreover, there has been substantial unilateral dismantling of tariffs over the period, so that much of the liberalisation took place outside WTO and regional agreements. The number of regional trade agreements has surged, but their impact on applied agricultural tariffs has been limited. Finally, we investigate the tariffs, trade and production implications for food and agricultural products of two extreme scenarios in the future development of trade negotiations: an ambitious surge of regional agreements and a trade war within the WTO context.
Paper
Megatrends in food and agriculture : technology, water use and nutrition
\"Highlights and examines the growing convergence between the food and agricultural industries--the technological, environmental, and consumer-related drivers of this change, and the potential outcomes. This is the first book of its kind to connect food and the food industry with agriculture, water resources, and water management in a detailed and thorough way. It brings together a small community of expert authors to address the future of the food industry, agriculture (both for plants and animals), and water--and its role in a world of increasing demands on resources. The book begins by highlighting the role of agriculture in today's food industry from a historical perspective--showing how it has grown over the years. It goes on to examine water management; new ways of plant breeding not only based on genetic modification pathways; and the attention between major crops (soy, corn, wheat) and so-called \"orphan crops\" (coffee, cocoa, tropical fruits). The book then turns towards the future of the food industry and analyzes major food trends, the new food, and \"enough\" food; discusses possible new business models for the future food industry; and analyzes the impact that the \"internet of everything\" will have on agriculture and the food industry. Finally, Megatrends in Food and Agriculture: Technology, Water Use and Nutrition offers scenarios about how agriculture, food, and the food industry might undergo some radical transformations.\" --Back cover.
Book
Trade for Food Security: The Stability of Global Agricultural Trade Networks
Global food production is facing increasing uncertainties under climate change and the coronavirus pandemic, provoking challenges and severe concerns to national food security. The role of global agricultural trade in bridging the imbalance between food supply and demand has come to the fore. However, the impact of multifaceted and dynamic factors, such as trade policies, national relations, and epidemics, on the stability of the agricultural trade network (ATN) needs to be better addressed. Quantitatively, this study estimated grouping characteristics and network stability by analyzing the changing global ATN from 1986 to 2018. We found that the evolution of global agricultural trade communities has gone through four stages: the dominance of the US–Asian community, the rise of the European–African community, the formation of tri-pillar communities, and the development of a multipolar community with a more complex structure. Despite witnessing a progressive increase in the nodal stability of the global ATN during the decades, particular gaps can still be found in stability across countries. Specifically, the European community achieved stability of 0.49 and its trade relations were effectively secured. Meanwhile, the remaining leading communities’ stability shows a stable and upward trend, albeit with more significant challenges in trade relations among some of them. Therefore, how to guarantee the stability of trade relations and strengthen the global ATN to resist external shocks has become an essential question to safeguard global food security.
Journal Article
A Study on the Impact Mechanism of Agricultural Trade on Agricultural Carbon Emissions
Controlling agricultural carbon emissions is crucial for addressing global environmental challenges. As a major player in agricultural trade, China needs to explore a specific pathway to reduce its agricultural carbon emissions. This study delves into the impact of China’s agricultural trade on agricultural carbon emissions: (1) The research demonstrates that agricultural trade (AT) significantly reduces China’s agricultural carbon emissions (ACEs), with robustness and endogeneity tests supporting these findings. (2) In the process of lowering agricultural carbon emissions, AT exerts both direct and indirect effects. The direct effect stems from the import substitution effect of agricultural trade, while the indirect effects include agricultural technological innovation (ATI) and the agricultural carbon emission intensity (ECI). (3) The reduction in ACEs is more pronounced in eastern regions, coastal areas, and non-major grain-producing regions. This study reveals the underlying mechanisms between AT and ACEs, suggesting that China has the potential to achieve mutual benefits in international trade and environmental protection. It also provides a trade-oriented perspective for formulating agricultural emission reduction policies.
Journal Article
Competitiveness and complementarity of agricultural products between Thailand and China on a short-term basis
China and Thailand belong to Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership countries, and agricultural trade is vital to Thailand’s economy. Competition in agricultural trade between countries is fierce. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the advantages and disadvantages of agricultural trade between Thailand and China. Complementarity and competitiveness of international business show the benefits and drawbacks of cross-border exports and the trend of future exports. This study uses quantitative techniques to analyze the agricultural trade between Thailand and China. It employed four methods, including the calculations of the Grubel-Lloyd index, revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), trade intensity index (TII), and trade complementarity index (TCI). The result of method 1 indicates that Thailand’s agricultural trade has a more substantial competitive advantage (three years average RCA = 1.69 > 1.25) than China (three years average RCA = 0.37 < 0.8) from 2017 to 2019; they are complementary in specific categories of agricultural products. The result of method 2 indicates that items 03, 07, 13, and 14 of China’s exports and Thailand’s imports have strong complementarity. Items 10, 11, 17, and 19 of Thailand’s exports and China’s imports have strong complementarity. The result of method 3 indicates that the positive factor on bilateral trade flow is significant. The result of method 4 indicates that items 06, 07, 12, 19, 20, and 21 have advantages in intra-industry trade, and items 09, 10, 13, and 18 have advantages in inter-industry trade. The paper has important implications for Thailand’s government to formulate relevant trade policies to enhance its agricultural export competitiveness, which is also conducive to developing bilateral agricultural trade.
Journal Article
Asian agribusiness management : case studies in growth, marketing, and upgrading strategies
\"This book of case studies is designed to provide useful information for instructional purposes and for those interested in the management of Asian agribusiness. This collected volume of case studies is organized around three major themes--growth, marketing, and upgrading strategies. Many of the cases herein were used in Advanced Agribusiness Workshops jointly organized by the Asian Productivity Organization and Cornell University held in Bangkok, Manila, and Bali. Through a case study-driven approach, this book offers an opportunity for students, policymakers, and business owners to consider the impact of key trends like value-addition, urbanization, the environment, regional integration, climate change, and technology on Asian agribusinesses\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Examining the effects of exchange rate regimes choice on South Africa’s agricultural trade : a gravity model panel approach
This paper investigates the impact of exchange rate regimes and exchange rates on South African agricultural exports, a vital sector of the economy. Employing an augmented gravity model, the study examines bilateral trade with 21 countries from 1988 to 2023. Key variables include de facto classification of exchange rate regimes, GDP, distance, and trade-related factors such as borders, common language, free trade agreements, and landlocked status. Estimations are conducted using pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects models. Results show that GDPs of both South Africa and its trading partners positively influence agricultural exports, while distance and exchange rate negatively affect them. Exchange rate regimes are found to play a significant role: fixed regimes are most constraining to export performance, whereas managed float regimes are less restrictive. These findings underscore the importance of exchange rate policy in shaping South Africa’s agricultural trade outcomes and guiding economic policy decisions.
Journal Article