Explore the vast range of titles available.

Constraints on the availability of freshwater and land plants and animals to feed the 9.2 billion humans projected to inhabit Earth by 2050 can be overcome by enhancing the contribution the ocean makes to food production. Catches from ocean fisheries are unlikely to recover without adequate conservation measures, so the greater contribution of the oceans to feeding humanity must be derived largely from mariculture. For the effort to be successful, mariculture must close the production cycle to abandon its current dependence on fisheries catches; enhance the production of edible macroalgae and filter-feeder organisms; minimize environmental impacts; and increase integration with food production on land, transferring water-intensive components of the human diet (i.e., production of animal protein) to the ocean. Accommodating these changes will enable the oceans to become a major source of food, which we believe will constitute the next food revolution in human history.

In 1997, Mexico launched a new incentive-based poverty reduction program to enhance the human capital of those living in extreme poverty. This book presents a case study of Progresa-Oportunidades, focusing on the main factors that have contributed to the program's sustainability, policies that have allowed it to operate at the national level, and future challenges.

Este volumen ha sido coordinado por las doctoras Ana Laura Bojórquez Carrillo y Anel Flores Novelo, profesoras e investigadoras del Cuerpo Académico Mercadotecnia, Innovación y Desarrollo (MID) de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración (FCA) de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), México en colaboración con la Academia Mexicana de Investigación y Docencia en Innovación (AMIDI). Los artículos publicados en este número son resultado de los trabajos realizados en el marco del Proyecto Corredor de comercio agroalimentario popular y solidario en las regiones milpera y biocultural del Puuc en Yucatán (Num. 321286), del Programa Nacional Estratégico de Seguridad Alimentaria (PRONAII), liderado por la Junta Intermunicipal Biocultural del Puuc y financiado por el Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT). Esta iniciativa ha contado con el respaldo de la Red de Investigación en Negocios, Innovación y Economía para el Desarrollo (RINIED), integrada por el Cuerpo Académico en Consolidación de Mercadotecnia, Innovación y Desarrollo (UADY-CA-125), el Cuerpo Académico Consolidado Economía, Sustentabilidad y Nanotecnología (UAZ-CA-251), el Cuerpo Académico en Consolidación Estudios Estratégicos para Negocios e Instituciones (UJAT-CA-234), el Cuerpo Académico en Formación Creatividad, Innovación y Emprendimiento (UACJ- CA-120). Estas colaboraciones han sido fundamentales para la generación de los productos académicos que se presentan en este número. Los temas abordados en este volumen se fundamentan en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) propuestos por las Naciones Unidas, así como en los principios de innovación en productos, procesos, organización y mercadotecnia establecidos en el Manual de Oslo, desarrollado por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE). Las instituciones de educación superior juegan un papel clave en la promoción de cambios positivos que contribuyan al cumplimiento de los ODS y fomenten la innovación dentro de las organizaciones. Este volumen se centra, principalmente, en temas relacionados con la seguridad alimentaria, el acceso al agua y el impulso del emprendimiento social y sostenible. Se enfatiza la necesidad del trabajo conjunto entre la participación ciudadana, los gobiernos, las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y las instituciones de educación superior para enfrentar los desafíos complejos y resolver las problemáticas que surgen en estas áreas, especialmente en las zonas rurales y entre los grupos más vulnerables que aún carecen de acceso equitativo a recursos y oportunidades. Este trabajo representa un claro ejemplo de cómo las universidades contribuyen a la solución de problemas sociales, reafirmando su compromiso con el desarrollo sostenible y el bienestar de las comunidades. Agradecemos a AMIDI por la oportunidad de publicar y difundir estos resultados y confiamos en seguir colaborando en iniciativas que mejoren la calidad de vida de la sociedad en su conjunto.  

Introduction: It is well known that social media networks have led to changes in many traditional phenomena and events. The changes and transformations of these networks on traditional food culture have been particularly strong. In recent years, videos featuring food and sounds in the foreground and involving excessive food consumption in live broadcasts or pre-prepared videos have gained rapid popularity. This form of eating, which emerged in South Korea and is called mukbang, has quickly spread all over the world. Although numerous studies have been conducted in the rest of the world and mukbang videos have become widespread in Turkey in terms of both broadcasters and viewers, there is no study on this subject in the country. The aim of this study is to analyze digital socialization and parasocial interaction as practices of virtual community within the Turkish context. Methodology: In the present study, 7,139 comments on three mukbang videos published on YouTube in Turkey were analyzed using a netnographic methodology. Coding was conducted in NVivo. The unit of analysis was the individual comment; emoji-only entries were excluded. The initial codebook was developed from literature and exploratory reads. Two coders independently coded a stratified subset, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. An audit trail was maintained and constant comparison was used to stabilize categories. Results: Based on user comments, it was observed that viewers developed positive and negative attitudes towards the content. As a result of the study, it was determined that mukbang videos contribute to socialization and body control as well as cultural interaction. Viewers co-construct a sense of belonging to online communities, and parasocial interactions with content creators (e.g., terms of intimacy such as “sister”) are evident. However, users also attribute negative outcomes such as overconsumption, addiction, digital loneliness, and transformations in food culture. Discussion: According to the findings, socialization is the primary motivation for watching mukbang videos on social media. These videos give users a sense of belonging to a specific online community. Parasocial relationships emerge as an important driver of engagement, indicating that users not only consume content but also develop one-sided relational patterns. This duality reveals both community-building potential and critical risks linked to consumerism and isolation. Theoretical connections can be drawn to critical theory and digital activism, which frame mukbang as both a space of participation and a site of power relations. Conclusions: As a result of the study, findings in line with previous studies conducted in the rest of the world were obtained, as well as findings that will expand the research on mukbang videos. It was determined that mukbang videos also serve as a tool for cultural interaction. Limitations include the focus on YouTube only, the use of public self-reported comments (without objective measures of psychological states), and temporal/channel constraints. Introducción: Es bien sabido que las redes sociales han provocado cambios significativos en muchos fenómenos y eventos tradicionales. Estos cambios y transformaciones han sido especialmente notorios en la cultura alimentaria tradicional. En los últimos años, los videos que presentan alimentos y sonidos como elementos principales, y que implican un consumo excesivo de comida en transmisiones en vivo o en videos pregrabados, han ganado rápidamente popularidad. Esta forma de consumo, originaria de Corea del Sur y conocida como mukbang, se ha extendido rápidamente por todo el mundo. Aunque se han realizado numerosos estudios en otras partes del mundo y los videos de mukbang se han difundido ampliamente en Turquía tanto entre los creadores de contenido como entre los espectadores, no existe ningún estudio específico sobre este fenómeno en el contexto turco. Metodología: En el presente estudio se analizaron 7.139 comentarios realizados en tres videos de mukbang publicados en YouTube en Turquía, utilizando una metodología netnográfica. Resultados: A partir de los comentarios de los usuarios, se observó que los espectadores desarrollan actitudes tanto positivas como negativas hacia el contenido. Como resultado del análisis, se determinó que los videos de mukbang contribuyen a la socialización, al control corporal y a la interacción cultural. No obstante, también se observó que estos videos pueden fomentar el consumo excesivo, generar adicción y provocar transformaciones en la cultura alimentaria. Discusión: Según los hallazgos, la motivación principal para ver videos de mukbang en redes sociales es la socialización. Estos videos brindan a los usuarios un sentido de pertenencia a una comunidad en línea específica. Conclusiones: Como resultado del estudio, se obtuvieron hallazgos consistentes con investigaciones previas realizadas en otras partes del mundo, así como nuevos resultados que amplían el conocimiento sobre los videos de mukbang. Se concluye que estos videos también funcionan como herramientas para la interacción cultural.

Introduction: Food is an important factor to ensuring the existence, growth and development of a child. Objectives; to identify the socioeconomic profile of children under one year of age hospitalized in a public hospital in the country side of Maranhâo and of their mothers; to know the complementary feeding given tby mothers and their history of breastfeeding. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative research conducted between February and September 2015. Data were collected through forms applied to mothers, and the sample comprised 174 individuals. Results; 62.7% of the children were male, 42.5% were 1 to 4 months old, 55.7% were hospitalized with respiratory problems, their mothers were housewives aged between 15 and 35 years. The data showed that children received liquids, artificial milk and food precociously, and only 20.1% had practiced exclusive breastfeeding until the sixth month. Conclusion: The children under one year of age have an inadequate eating pattern. Therefore, actions that promote the practice of healthy feeding are necessary.

Introducción. Una alimentación saludable en la escuela es fundamental para el crecimiento y desarrollo de los estudiantes, para su bienestar y su buen rendimiento escolar. El Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) de Brasil, en este sentido, pretende ofrecer una alimentación variada, segura y que respete la cultura, las tradiciones y los hábitos alimentarios saludables. Ante el escenario actual de malnutrición y de cambio climático, caracterizado por la Sindemia Global, desde diversos niveles gubernamentales se señala la importancia de incluir en los comedores escolares alimentos de la sociobiodiversidad, concepto definido en el Plan Nacional de Promoción de las Cadenas de Productos de la Sociobiodiversidad en Brasil en 2009. Objetivo. El estudio que se presenta tiene como objetivo evaluar la aceptabilidad de las preparaciones a base de productos de la sociobiodiversidad con estudiantes de escuelas públicas de Rio Grande do Sul (RS) y Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brasil. Materiales y métodos. El trabajo forma parte de un estudio transversal y multicéntrico, con pruebas de adherencia y aceptabilidad de preparaciones a base de alimentos de la sociobiodiversidad realizado con estudiantes de escuelas públicas de RS y RN. Resultado. Se observó que las preparaciones obtuvieron excelentes porcentajes de adhesión, 100% en ambos estados, y de aceptabilidad, oscilando entre el 82 y el 97% de aceptación de las preparaciones. Conclusión. La alimentación puede ser utilizada en el ámbito escolar a partir de su potencial dialógico y socioeducativo para la transformación social y la promoción de la cohesión social en torno a dietas más sostenibles.

Objective: To determine reference values for body mass index (BMI), sum of six skinfolds (6 skinfolds) and body fat percentage (BF%) in Spanish adolescents aged 13-18 years, included in the AVENA Study (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes: Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Adolescents). Design: Multicentre cross-sectional study. Setting: Representative sample of Spanish adolescents. Subjects: The population was selected by means of a multiplestep, simple random sampling. The final number of subjects included in the AVENA Study was 2859 adolescents; 2160 adolescents had a complete set of anthropometric measurements and were then included in this study (1109 males and 1051 females). Interventions: Weight, height and six skinfold thicknesses were measured. As indices of total adiposity, we calculated BMI, sum 6 skinfolds and BF% with the formulas described by Slaughter et al. Results: sum 6 skinfolds and BF% in each age group were significantly higher in females than in males. In males, age showed a significant effect for BMI, sum 6 skinfolds and BF%; however, in females, the effect was only significant for BF%. The percentile distribution was more disperse towards higher sum 6 skinfolds and BF% values in males when compared with females. Conclusions: The presented percentile values will help us to classify adolescents in comparison with a well-established reference population, and to estimate the proportion of adolescents with high or low adiposity amounts. Sponsorship: The AVENA-Study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS 00/0015), and grants from Panrico SA, Madaus SA and Procter and Gamble SA. This study was also supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain), RCESP (C03/09) and Spanish Ministry of Education (AP2003-2128).

In late pregnancy, energy deficits in ewes can induce a metabolic imbalance, which often results in pregnancy toxaemia. This metabolic disorder is characterised by hypoglycaemia, hyperketonaemia, an increase in plasma concentrations of free fatty acids and by fatty infiltration in the liver. The purpose of the present study was to identify alterations in lipid and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein distribution and to evaluate triglyceride secretion in ewes during the third trimester of pregnancy, particularly in ewes with feed restriction. The study was performed on non-pregnant and on twin- and triplet-bearing pregnant Limousine x Romanov ewes fed a control or restricted diet. We show that in pregnant ewes, feed restriction resulted in strong lipomobilisation, as monitored by high plasma free fatty acid concentration, and in hypoglycaemia and hyperketonaemia. Plasma and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride concentrations were about four-fold higher in adequately-fed pregnant ewes than in non-pregnant ewes. Feed restriction in pregnant ewes resulted in VLDL triglyceride concentrations that were approximately two-thirds lower than in adequately-fed pregnant ewes. VLDL particles from pregnant ewes were found to be enriched in triglycerides, but to a lesser extent in feed-restricted pregnant ewes. Pregnant ewes that were fed an adequate diet exhibited greater triglyceride secretion rates (TGSR) than non-pregnant ewes. Feed restriction in pregnant ewes resulted in triglyceride secretion rates that were approximately 35% lower than those of pregnant ewes fed an adequate diet. Our results support the idea that exacerbated lipomobilisation in late pregnancy leads to profound lipid and lipoprotein metabolism disturbances.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Zn and Mn source (inorganic vs. organic) in the diet for hens on laying performance, eggshell and bones quality. The experiment was carried out on 84 Hy Line Brown hens, from 25 to 70 weeks of age, allocated to seven experimental groups, each containing 12 hens individually caged on wire-mesh floor. All layers were fed the same basal diet with 52 mg Zn/kg and 30 mg Mn/kg. Experimental diets were supplemented with 30 mg Zn/kg and 50 mg Mn/kg and inorganic forms of Zn (ZnO) and Mn (MnO) were gradually replaced (in 0, 50 or 100%) with their organic sources (amino acid complexes). Egg production, egg weight, feed intake and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary treatments. Substitution of Zn and Mn oxides with amino acid complexes of microelements had no effect on physical and geometrical characteristics of tibia, ash content in tibia and in toes, eggshell percent, eggshell thickness and eggshell density, but improved (P less than 0.05) the eggshell breaking strength in the late phase of the laying cycle (at 62 and 70 weeks of age). Our results indicate that feeding Zn and Mn organic complexes could alleviate the negative effect of hen age on eggshell breaking strength.

Hepatic lipid synthesis is known to be regulated by food consumption. In rodents fasting decreases the synthesis of cholesterol as well as fatty acids. Refeeding a high carbohydrate/low fat diet enhances fatty acid synthesis by 5- to 20-fold above the fed state, whereas cholesterol synthesis returns only to the prefasted level. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that regulate genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. Here, we show that fasting markedly reduces the amounts of SREBP-1 and -2 in mouse liver nuclei, with corresponding decreases in the mRNAs for SREBP-activated target genes. Refeeding a high carbohydrate/low fat diet resulted in a 4- to 5-fold increase of nuclear SREBP-1 above nonfasted levels, whereas nuclear SREBP-2 protein returned only to the non-fasted level. The hepatic mRNAs for fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes increased 5- to 10-fold above nonfasted levels, a pattern that paralleled the changes in nuclear SREBP-1. The hepatic mRNAs for enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis returned to the nonfasted level, closely following the pattern of nuclear SREBP-2 regulation. Transgenic mice that overproduce nuclear SREBP-1c failed to show the normal decrease in hepatic mRNA levels for cholesterol and fatty acid synthetic enzymes upon fasting. We conclude that SREBPs are regulated by food consumption in the mouse liver and that the decline in nuclear SREBP-1c upon fasting may explain in part the decrease in mRNAs encoding enzymes of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway