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Reversible logic enables ultra-low power circuit design and quantum computation. Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is the most promising technology considered to implement reversible circuits, mainly due to the correspondence between features of reversible and QCA circuits. This work aims to push forward the state-of-the-art of the QCA-based reversible circuits implementation by proposing a novel QCA design of a reversible full adder subtractor (FA). At first, we consider an efficient XOR-gate, and based on this, new QCA circuit layouts of Feynman, Toffoli, Peres, PQR, TR, RUG, URG, RQCA, and RQG are proposed. The efficient XOR gate significantly reduces the required clock phases and circuit area. As a result, all the proposed reversible circuits are efficient regarding cell count, delay, and circuit area. Finally, based on the presented reversible gates, a novel QCA design of a reversible full adder subtractor (FA) is proposed. Compared to the state-of-the-art circuits, the proposed QCA design of FA reversible circuit achieved up to 57% area savings, with 46% and 29% reduction in cell number and delay, respectively.

In this paper, we have proposed a 2D analytical model for Asymmetric gate stack triple metal gate MOSFET(AGSTMGAAFET) and performed a comparative analysis with the simulation results obtained using the SILVACO 3D simulation software. Existing devices such as gate all around single metal (SMGAAFET), gate all around triple metal (TMGAAFET), gate stack single metal (GSSMGAAFET), gate stack triple metal (GSTMGAAFET) and asymmetric gate stack single metal (AGSTMGAAFET) have been compared with our proposed structure AGSTMGAAFET. Our device provides excellent performance in terms of drain current, transconductance, output conductance, current gain, maximum transducer power gain which shows our device’s suitability for various analog applications moreover the potential and electric field plots obtained have twostep profile and extremely low electric field near the drain region which ordains our device with the ability to suppress various SCE’s like DIBL and hot-carrier effect. The analytical model and simulation results show good convergence in values which validate the correctness of the proposed model.

CAR-T cell and T cell engager therapies have demonstrated transformational efficacy against hematological malignancies, but achieving efficacy in solid tumors has been more challenging, in large part because of on-target/off-tumor toxicities and sub-optimal T cell anti-tumor cytotoxic functions. Here, we discuss engineering solutions that exploit biological properties of solid tumors to overcome these challenges. Using logic gates as a framework, we categorize the numerous approaches that leverage two inputs instead of one to achieve better cancer selectivity or efficacy in solid tumors with dual-input CAR-Ts or multi-specific TCEs. In addition to the “OR gate” and “AND gate” approaches that leverage dual tumor antigen targeting, we also review “contextual AND gate” technologies whereby continuous cancer-selective inputs such a pH, hypoxia, target density, tumor proteases, and immune-suppressive cytokine gradients can be creatively incorporated in therapy designs. We also introduce the notion of “output directionality” to distinguish dual-input strategies that mechanistically impact cancer cell killing or T cell fitness. Finally, we contrast the feasibility and potential benefits of the various approaches using CAR-T and TCE therapeutics and discuss why the promising “IF/THEN” and “NOT” gate types pertain more specifically to CAR-T therapies, but can also succeed by integrating both technologies.

In this study, building extraction in aerial images was performed using csAG-HRNet by applying HRNet-v2 in combination with channel and spatial attention gates. HRNet-v2 consists of transition and fusion processes based on subnetworks according to various resolutions. The channel and spatial attention gates were applied in the network to efficiently learn important features. A channel attention gate assigns weights in accordance with the importance of each channel, and a spatial attention gate assigns weights in accordance with the importance of each pixel position for the entire channel. In csAG-HRNet, csAG modules consisting of a channel attention gate and a spatial attention gate were applied to each subnetwork of stage and fusion modules in the HRNet-v2 network. In experiments using two datasets, it was confirmed that csAG-HRNet could minimize false detections based on the shapes of large buildings and small nonbuilding objects compared to existing deep learning models.

Diluted magnetic semiconductors including Mn‐doped GaAs are attractive for gate‐controlled spintronics but Curie transition at room temperature with long‐range ferromagnetic order is still debatable to date. Here, the room‐temperature ferromagnetic domains with long‐range order in semiconducting V‐doped WSe2 monolayer synthesized by chemical vapor deposition are reported. Ferromagnetic order is manifested using magnetic force microscopy up to 360 K, while retaining high on/off current ratio of ≈105 at 0.1% V‐doping concentration. The V‐substitution to W sites keeps a V–V separation distance of 5 nm without V–V aggregation, scrutinized by high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. More importantly, the ferromagnetic order is clearly modulated by applying a back‐gate bias. The findings open new opportunities for using 2D transition metal dichalcogenides for future spintronics. Magnetic domains are observed up to room‐temperature in semiconducting V‐doped WSe2 monolayer using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Polarization of the magnetic tip and temperature‐dependent MFM measurements clarify the magnetic response of V‐doped WSe2. Vanadium is well substituted in the tungsten site without any aggregation in WSe2 structure. Importantly, the field tunability of the magnetic domains is demonstrated by performing MFM with applying back‐gate biases.

Agile development methods borrowed from the software industry are now being used by a handful of manufacturing firms for the development of physical products. Agile methods, which include time-boxed sprints, daily stand-up meetings, and early demos and retrospectives, are typically embedded within some or all of the stages of an existing Stage-Gate system. This article presents six case studies from major firms experimenting with Agile-Stage-Gate hybrids. These results show that early outcomes of these efforts are quite positive; some firms report significant improvements in both time to market and development productivity, as well as faster responses to changing market conditions and customer needs and higher project team morale. However, they also identified many challenges in implementing Agile-Stage-Gate hybrids, including addressing management skepticism, finding the needed resources to field dedicated teams, and dealing with fluid product definitions and development plans. Based on case firms' experiences, we provide recommendations for implementing a hybrid product development system.

The JUNGFRAU 4‐megapixel (4M) charge‐integrating pixel‐array detector, when operated at a full 2 kHz frame rate, streams data at a rate of 17 GB s−1. To operate this detector for macromolecular crystallography beamlines, a data‐acquisition system called Jungfraujoch was developed. The system, running on a single server with field‐programmable gate arrays and general‐purpose graphics processing units, is capable of handling data produced by the JUNGFRAU 4M detector, including conversion of raw pixel readout to photon counts, compression and on‐the‐fly spot finding. It was also demonstrated that 30 GB s−1 can be handled in performance tests, indicating that the operation of even larger and faster detectors will be achievable in the future. The source code is available from a public repository. A new data acquisition and real‐time image analysis system with FPGAs and GPUs for kilohertz macromolecular crystallography applications is presented.

The rapid progress in the field of fluorescent probes and fluorescent sensing material extended this research area toward more complex molecular logic gates capable of carrying out a variety of sensing functions simultaneously. These molecules are able to calculate a composite result in which the analysis is not performed by a man but by the molecular device itself. Since the first report by de Silva of AND molecular logic gate, all possible logic gates have been achieved at the molecular level, and currently, utilization of more complicated molecular logic circuits is a major task in this field. Comparison between two digits is the simplest logic operation, which could be realized with the simplest logic circuit. That is why the right understanding of the applied principles during the implementation of molecular digital comparators could play a critical role in obtaining logic circuits that are more complicated. Herein, all possible ways for the construction of comparators on the molecular level were discussed, and recent achievements connected with these devices were presented.

This paper studies the problem of data access at the receiver with large bit error rate and low quality factor. Due to this issue the information got inaccurately at the receiver side, the data should have high quality factor and low bit error rate to be simple of identification at the receiver when using the gates. The nonlinear properties of the semiconductor optical amplifier are utilized to accomplish the Boolean variable based math work, in which AND, NAND, and OR gates potentially used to endorse the Boolean function. Through blend this gates together any Boolean function can be accomplished and utilized to perform optical signal processing. The quality factor and BER are measured by utilizing the eye diagram analyzer, the state of the output bit and also shaped by the oscilloscope visualizer in optiwave simulation program. These models can be used for wavelength converter, header recognition, parity checking, binary addition, packet-header modification, encoding and encryption with pattern matching, and data encryption with high speed and high quality factor.