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Solanum ferruginium es una planta que crece en lugares perturbados como maleza, es de uso medicinal poco utilizada que presenta un gran potencial como fuente de antioxidantes debido a su alto contenido en polifenoles. Debido a esto se analizó el contenido de polifenoles, flavonoides, proantocianidinas y capacidad antioxidante in vitro (ensayo de captación de radicales DPPH) en hojas, tallos y planta completa de tres localidades (Las agujas, Parque el Nabo y Bosque la Primavera) de Zapopan, Jalisco, así como su toxicidad subcronica en hojas. En general se observó diferencia significativa (p£ 0,05), en las muestras de las tres localidades, las hojas presentaron el mayor contenido de polifenoles (15,3±0,7 a 22±0,4 mg expresado como equivalente de ácido gálico (EAG/g) en muestras de Parque el Nabo, flavonoides (7,8±0,3 a 13,3±0,3 mg EC/g) y proantocianidinas (3,4±0,1 a 4,2±0,05 mg expresado como equivalente de catequina (EC/g) en el Bosque la Primavera. La capacidad antioxidante fue similar en todas las muestras, con valores de 8,3 a 17 µg/mL de concentración media inhibitora (CI50). En la prueba toxicológica, los ratones no mostraron signos de toxicidad a ninguna dosis por efecto de la administración de la planta en estudio, por lo que la dosis letal media (DL50) es > 15 000 mg/kg de peso corporal. El contenido de polifenoles y actividad antioxidante en S. ferruginium sobre todo en hojas indican un alto potencial con propiedades farmacológicas además de su inocuidad, por lo que es importante realizar estudios de sus compuestos fenólicos individuales, antes de ser utilizada en farmacología.

Introduction: Redox homeostasis is disrupted by the increased intensity of physical exercise, leading to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This oxidative imbalance is characterized by reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased lipid peroxidation markers like malondialdehyde (MDA). Moringa oleifera (MO), rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, is believed to exert antioxidant effects and alleviate oxidative stress. Objective: This study aimed to assess the acute effects of MO supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers following maximal load exercise in trained football athletes. Method: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted involving 22 trained male football athletes. Participants received either 1000 mg of MO or a placebo before performing high-intensity squat thrusts to exhaustion. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Pearson correlation (p < 0.05). Results: Baseline data showed no significant differences, but the MO group significantly elevated SOD and lower MDA levels compared to the placebo at 1 and 24 hours post-exercise  (p < 0.01), with strong negative correlations between SOD and MDA 1 hour (r = –0.50, p = 0.02) and 24 hours (r = –0.71, p < 0.001). Discussion: Acute MO supplementation enhances endogenous antioxidant defense and reduces oxidative damage following maximal exertion. Conclusion: These findings support the use of MO as a locally sourced recovery aid in sports, particularly in mitigating oxidative stress in high-performance athletes. Introducción: La homeostasis redox se ve alterada por el aumento de la intensidad del ejercicio físico, lo que conduce a niveles elevados de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS). Este desequilibrio oxidativo se caracteriza por una reducción en la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes, como la superóxido dismutasa (SOD), y un aumento en los marcadores de peroxidación lipídica, como el malondialdehído (MDA). Moringa oleifera (MO), rica en polifenoles y flavonoides, se considera que ejerce efectos antioxidantes y ayuda a aliviar el estrés oxidativo. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos agudos de la suplementación con MO sobre los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo tras un ejercicio de carga máxima en atletas de fútbol entrenados. Método: Se llevó a cabo un ensayo aleatorizado, doble ciego y controlado con placebo, con la participación de 22 atletas masculinos de fútbol entrenados. Los participantes recibieron 1000 mg de MO o un placebo antes de realizar sentadillas de alta intensidad hasta el agotamiento. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas t pareadas y correlación de Pearson (p < 0.05). Resultados: Los datos basales no mostraron diferencias significativas, pero el grupo MO presentó niveles significativamente más altos de SOD y más bajos de MDA en comparación con el grupo placebo a las 1 y 24 horas después del ejercicio (p < 0.01), con fuertes correlaciones negativas entre SOD y MDA a la 1 hora (r = –0.50, p = 0.02) y a las 24 horas (r = –0.71, p < 0.001). Discusión: La suplementación aguda con MO mejora la defensa antioxidante endógena y reduce el daño oxidativo tras un esfuerzo físico máximo. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos respaldan el uso de MO como un suplemento de recuperación de origen local en el ámbito deportivo, particularmente útil para mitigar el estrés oxidativo en atletas de alto rendimiento. Introdução: A homeostasia redox é perturbada pelo aumento da intensidade do exercício, levando a níveis elevados de espécies reativas de oxigénio (EROs). Este desequilíbrio oxidativo é caracterizado pela redução da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, como a superóxido dismutase (SOD), e pelo aumento de marcadores de peroxidação lipídica, como o malondialdeído (MDA). A Moringa oleifera (MO), rica em polifenóis e flavonoides, é considerada benéfica para a redução do stress oxidativo. Objectivo: Este estudo teve como objectivo avaliar os efeitos agudos da suplementação com MO nos biomarcadores de stress oxidativo após exercício de carga máxima em jogadores de futebol treinados. Método: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo com 22 jogadores de futebol do sexo masculino treinados. Os participantes receberam 1000 mg de MO ou placebo antes de realizarem agachamentos de alta intensidade até à exaustão. Os dados foram analisados ​​utilizando testes t emparelhados e correlação de Pearson (p < 0,05). Resultados: Os dados iniciais não mostraram diferenças significativas, mas o grupo MO apresentou níveis significativamente mais elevados de SOD e níveis mais baixos de MDA em comparação com o grupo placebo 1 e 24 horas após o exercício (p < 0,01), com fortes correlações negativas entre SOD e MDA às 1 hora (r = –0,50, p = 0,02) e 24 horas (r = –0,71, p < 0,001). Discussão: A suplementação aguda com MO aumenta a defesa antioxidante endógena e reduz o dano oxidativo após esforço físico máximo. Conclusão: Estes achados apoiam o uso da MO como suplemento de recuperação de origem local no desporto, particularmente útil para mitigar o stress oxidativo em atletas de alto rendimento.

Collagen isolated from byproducts of common carp was hydrolyzed with alcalase enzyme to obtain peptide fractions. The resulting >30 kDa (PF1), 10–30 kDa (PF2), 3–10 kDa (PF3) and <1 kDa (PF4) fractions were studied for their antioxidant and functional properties. All peptide fractions illustrated antioxidant activity at different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg/mL). Although PF4 indicated the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity (87%) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, the highest reducing power (0.34) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (95.4%) were also observed in PF4 at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. The solubility of the peptide fractions was influenced by pH. The lowest solubility of the peptide fractions was observed at pH 4. The highest emulsifying activity index (EAI) was observed for PF4 (121.1 m2/g), followed by PF3 (99.6 m2/g), PF2 (89.5 m2/g) and PF1 (78.2 m2/g). In contrast to what has been found in the case of EAI, the emulsion stability of the peptide fractions decreased at lower molecular weight, which ranged from 24.4 to 31.6 min. Furthermore, it was revealed that PF1 had the highest foam capacity (87.4%) and foam stability (28.4 min), followed by PF2 and PF3. Overall, the findings suggest that peptide fractions isolated from byproducts of common carp are a promising source of natural antioxidants for application in functional food and pharmaceutical products.

Leafy vegetables are widely recognized for their significant contribution to human health. Among them, parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) is a promising herb with considerable potential to facilitate various favorable effects on health. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the health effects of parsley, highlighting its potential in promoting several health benefits. The available studies suggest that parsley possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, exhibits potential for diabetes management, demonstrates hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects, and shows promise in terms of its potential anticancer properties, among other health-promoting effects. These beneficial effects are attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds in parsley, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, which contribute to its antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, parsley contains key bioactive substances, such as myricetin and apiol, which significantly contribute to its health-promoting properties. In addition, parsley is a rich source of essential vitamins and minerals, making it a valuable herb and a substantial reservoir of nutrients. In conclusion, incorporating parsley into daily diet can enhance overall well-being. Considering the individual variations in potential health benefits, it is crucial to seek guidance from healthcare professionals or nutritionists. This ensures a personalized and evidence-based approach to sustainably integrate parsley into individuals’ daily diets.

Mustard (Brassica juncea) is a cruciferous vegetable used as a food spice and folk medicine worldwide. Mustard contains numerous phytochemicals such as: vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, chlorophylls, glucosinolates (and their degradation products), polyphenols and volatile components(allyl isothiocyanate, 3-butyl isothiocyanate, etc.). The content and exact chemical composition of these phytochemicals is affected by plant variety, growth environment, extraction process and food processing methods. In addition, mustard may possess a plethora of pharmacological activities including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and bacteriostatic and antiviral activity. Mustard has also been used to combat several illnesses such as cancer, obesity, depression, diabetes, and cataracts. This review provides an overview of plant characteristics, types, origins, distribution, and consumption methods of Mustard, as well as its phytochemicals and biological activities. The findings of this paper may serve as references for the development and utilization of Mustard resources.

Pumpkin is a genus of plants belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family comprising several species, the most common of which are Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita moschata. Pumpkins are characterized by a high content of carotenoids, polyphenolic compounds, mineral components, and vitamin C. The level of bioactive compounds is affected by the pumpkin cultivar, which determines its antioxidant properties. In this study, the antioxidant potential of 19 pumpkin cultivars of Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita moschata species was determined and compared using ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, chelating activity and ORAC assay. Results of the study confirmed the high diversity of pumpkin cultivars in terms of their antioxidant activity. It was also shown that the antioxidant activity is more affected by the type of cultivar than by the pumpkin species. The obtained results indicate that cultivars such as 'Delicata', 'Baby Boo', 'Cream of the Crop' were characterized by particularly high antioxidant activity.

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is an oilseed plant that yields a highly nutritious oil. However, its husks and seed shells are under-utilized byproducts. In this study, ethanolic extracts of sacha inchi husks (SI-husk) and seed shells (SI-shell) were obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction, evaluating the effects of extraction temperature and solvent-to-solid ratio on the yields. The extracts’ total phenolic contents, phenolic profiles, antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated. Under the selected extraction conditions for SI-husk (60 °C, 1:8 s/s, 280W, 120 min) and SI-shell (60 °C, 1:3 s/s, 280W, 120 min), the extracts’ total phenolic contents were 80.18 ± 0.32 and 50.94 ± 0.48 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/g, respectively. Cyanidin, naringenin, and kaempferol were principally found in the SI-husk extract (79.4 %) and vanillic acid in the SI-shell extract (79.9 %). Both extracts exhibited antioxidant activity, with ORAC values of 360.36 ± 0.21 and 228.11 ± 0.14 µmol TE/g, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli using the agar disk diffusion assay. SI-husk (1 mg) exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone of 10.5 ± 1.8 mm. Our results provide new insights into sacha inchi byproducts as sources of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.

Several reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in plants as byproducts of many metabolic reactions, such as photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration. Depending on the nature of the ROS species, some are highly toxic and rapidly detoxified by various cellular enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms. Oxidative stress occurs when there is a serious imbalance between the production of ROS and antioxidative defence. ROS participate in signal transduction, but also modify cellular components and cause damage. ROS is highly reactive molecules and can oxidize all types of cellular components. Various enzymes involved in ROS-scavenging have been manipulated and over expressed or down regulated. An overview of the literature is presented in terms of primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signaling in plant cells. Special attention is given to ROS and ROS-anioxidant interaction as a metabolic interface for different types of signals derived from metabolisms and from the changing environment.

The majority of pressure filtration methods for coffee preparation constitute acceptable alternatives for the obtention of coffee with bitter notes and body. In this study, antioxidant metabolite retention, antioxidant activity, and cup profiles were determined for coffee beverages prepared using five methods of pressure filtration. The methods which registered the highest antioxidant retention rates were Espresso, Moka, and Staresso. The highest hydroxycinnamic acid content was obtained with the Staresso, Espresso, and Moka methods, in descending order. Antioxidant capacity was proportional to antioxidant compound retention, with the ORAC method, in the beverages prepared, but not with the ABTS methodology. The Presso method had the lowest antioxidant retention rate. The beverage prepared with the Aeropress method obtained the lowest amount of antioxidant metabolites. In the five preparations evaluated, the most prominent hydroxycinnamic acid was chlorogenic acid. It is recommended that coffee prepared with the Espresso or Moka methods be consumed.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the phenolic content (total phenols and flavonoids) and the antioxidant capacity of seventeen craft beers produced in Mexico. The results showed a considerable amount of content of total phenols and flavonoids in the styles Coffee Stout Imperial (362 mg GAE/L and 75 mg QE/L) and Stout Ale (299 mg GAE/L and 40.92 mg QE/L), followed by American Brown Ale (271 mg GAE/L and 27.35 mg QE/L), Brown Ale (211 mg GAE/L and 24.20 mg QE/L), and Dark (328 mg GAE/L and 20.94 mg QE/L). In contrast, the American Wheat Ale (65 mg GAE/L and 2.91 mg QE/L), Lager (102 mg GAE/L and 3.56 mg QE/L), and IPA (103.73 mg GAE/L and 3.75 mg QE/L) showed the lowest content of phenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant capacity is detected in all the beers evaluated, mainly in the Coffee Stout Imperial style beer (80%). In this study, different contents of total carbohydrates were observed according to the type of beer, with Coffee Stout Imperial, American Brown Ale, and Brown being the ones that presented the highest content of carbohydrates (24.25, 15.55, and 15.36 g/L, respectively) followed by the type of Pilsner beer. (13.60g/L). Finally, our study showed that the different styles of beers in Mexico presented different contents of polyphenols (phenols and flavonoids), antioxidant capacity, and carbohydrates. However, the Coffee Stout Imperial style beer showed the highest values ​​of the aforementioned parameters. Future studies should be carried out in the evaluation of the biological activity of the different styles of beers on nutritional parameters in the Mexican population.