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Muğla’nın Yatağan ilçesine bağlı olan mahalleler, genel olarak Gökbel köyleri olarak bilinmektedir. Gökbel, Yatağan’ın Aydın sınırlarında kalan sıradağların genel ismidir. Gökbel köyleri olarak isimlendirilen bu yerler: Zeytinköy, Gökgedik, Turgutlar, Kırıkköy, Hacıveliler, Hacıbayramlar, Hisarardı ve Katrancı’dır. Bu köyler, daha çok dağlık bölgede yer aldıklarından ahşap malzeme bakımından zengindir. Bu bakımdan evlerin iç donatı elemanlarında yer alan ahşap süslemeler, oyma-kabartma, ajur ve kazıma teknikleri ile yapılmıştır. Ahşap süslemeler genellikle oda giriş kapılarında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Kapılar dikeyde üç tablaya ayrılmış olup her tablanın yüzeyi bitkisel, geometrik, nesnel ve figürlü bezemelere sahiptir. Dikeydeki tablalar ayrıca yatayda küçük boyutlu panolar hâlinde bölünmüş olup bu panolar da çatma ve çakma teknikleri ile birleştirilmiştir. Pano yüzeyleri, yerel ustalar tarafından ev sahiplerinin istekleri ve ekonomik durumlarına bağlı olarak süslenmişlerdir.Bu çalışmada, Gökbel havzasından sekiz mahalle çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Her mahalleden birer örnek alınarak toplam sekiz kapı ile konu sınırlandırılmıştır. Tescilli olmayan bu evlerin oda kapılarının yok olmaması, geleneksel el sanatı ustalarının eserlerinin tanıtılması ve kültürel kimliğin devamı ettirilmesiyle gelecek nesillere aktarılması amaçlanmıştır.

Palabras clave: gremios, artesanos, aprendizaje, obrajes, castas Abstract Tis article studied a sample of 1927 indenture contracts signed in Mexico City throughout the viceregal period. Among its objectives is to integrate the problem of artisan apprenticeship in Latin America in the debate that has arisen in Europe about this form of instruction in aspects such as the geographical, social and ethnic origin of the apprentices. [...]to analyze what role played the guilds and other forms of labor organization like the obrajes in the transmission of manual knowledge. Te evidence provided indicates that castes and obrajes were key variables that explain the peculiarity of the New Spain case, as well as the imposition of a paternalistic model of apprenticeship. Las estimaciones sitúan en 85.000 los habitantes de 1690, cifra similar a la que la ciudad debió tener en 1570.

The signatures of Muslim craftsmen recorded on some of their products, are considered the only source for identifying their names and artistic styles. These skillful potters are considered to be the main reason for the progress and prosperity of the Islamic ceramic industry. During the Abbasid era (132-656 AH/750-1250 AD), the glazed and decorated ceramics in blue and black colors were identified by recording the signatures of many of their makers. At the same time, contemporary historical sources in most cases- made no mention of these craftsmen. Therefore, this research aims to shed light on an unknown potter named \"Suhayl\" \"Lig\", to show his artistic style, to identify some of the potter's contemporaries, to attribute some ceramic pieces of that have no signatures to him and his contemporaries, and also to determine the time and place where he practiced his craft. All the previous explanations in this work are based on the signature of the potter mentioned above, which was recorded on two bowls.; The first bowl is in the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo under the registration number (16005), the second in the Metropolitan Museum in New York under the registration number (63.16.2). The above aims of this study are demonstrated by a detailed descriptive and analytical study of the two bowls mentioned and by comparing the signature of this potter with other contemporary potters, as well as by tracing the inscriptions on other products from the same period.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the extant body of literature on artisan entrepreneurship and to develop a research agenda for future studies based on the identified trends and themes. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) was undertaken across 96 journals ranked by the Association of Business Schools. The initial search yielded 86 papers. Further scrutiny of these studies led to the development of exclusion criteria, resulting in a refined list of 32 articles which advance understanding of artisan entrepreneurship. Using an open coding approach, this SLR then identified seven core themes and 16 sub-themes which the extant literature examines. Findings This SLR finds that artisan entrepreneurship research contributes to understanding of entrepreneurial behaviour, context, motivation, development, resources, diversity and classification. It provides timely insights into coopetition practices, the reciprocal relationship between place and entrepreneurship and the coexistence of social and economic goals. It also reveals characteristics which facilitate venture development, discovers the mutability of various forms of capital, highlights the necessity of studying diverse experiences and identifies benefits and limits of typologies. Main elements of the resulting research agenda include calls for more quantitative research, further attention to context and more holistic treatment of a wider variety of stories. Originality/value This paper presents the first SLR of craft and artisan entrepreneurship research. It not only identifies, analyses and critiques the main streams in the literature, therefore providing an overview of the state of the field, but also highlights areas where this scholarship contributes to understanding of entrepreneurship and upon which future research can build. Artisan entrepreneurship is thus established as worthy of investigation in its own right and as an appropriate context in which to explore entrepreneurial processes. Furthermore, this SLR presents an agenda for future research to advance understanding of artisan entrepreneurship.

Purpose Throughout Macedonia, beekeeping is becoming popular regardless of ethnicity. Studying ethnicity, the purpose of this paper is to determine what beekeepers in Macedonia thought in their own words about their beekeeping entrepreneurship. The objective is to identify whether motivations of ethnic Albanian beekeepers in Macedonia were the same or different compared to those of ethnic Macedonians in the same country, and if different, how. Design/methodology/approach To accomplish this objective, in-depth interviews were conducted with 40 beekeepers in Macedonia. A total of 29 interviews were conducted face-to-face and the other 11 by phone. The first set of interviews took place between December 2016 and February 2017, followed by more interviews in June 2017. In total, 27 respondents said they were ethnic Albanians, and 13 identified themselves as ethnic Macedonians. Also, ten respondents were women. While eight were full-time beekeepers, 32 were part-time beekeepers. Findings The results indicated that beekeeping businesses play a significant role in the transition economy of Macedonia. Beekeeping provides additional earnings that support rural families and keeps them financially stable. The majority of both Albanians and Macedonians understood that beekeeping on a part-time job basis provided a needed supplement to their income. Some part-time beekeepers are also working as auto-mechanics, locksmiths, medical doctors, restaurant/cafeteria owners, and tailors. A few in the sample were retired from their jobs or full-time beekeepers. An important difference between ethnic Albanian beekeepers and ethnic Macedonians in Macedonia is that the majority of ethnic Albanian participants see beekeeping as following in “my father’s footsteps”, while most Macedonians were motivated by the perceived opportunity of having a good business. Research limitations/implications Limitations of the research are twofold. First, financial data of family beekeeping are not available, which would be useful in determining the contribution made to economic development. It is common, especially in transition economies such as the western Balkans, that financial results are very sensitive to their owners. Second, unavailable databases for beekeepers make any quantitative approach difficult, if not impossible, resulting in most research using the qualitative research approach. Originality/value This paper is one of the first to treat beekeeping as a form of artisan entrepreneurship, which also contributes to the understanding of family business. As in other countries, the important and operation of the family business among family members in Macedonia is passed from generation to generation. The results of this research revealed the value of networking, which was found to be very important to income. For beekeepers to develop, grow, and be branded in the community, networking is an important ingredient.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide fresh insights into rural artisanal activities in a developing world context. It highlights key determinants of the decision to engage in an artisanal business and the challenges that impact upon the growth of these activities. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a mix-method research approach to explore a rural setting where most respondents (81 per cent) combine farm and non-farm livelihood activities. Quantitatively, a multi-nominal regression is used to examine the determinants of diversified artisanal livelihoods. It modelled the differences between farming livelihoods that have not diversified, compared to those also involved in the artisanal activity or wage employment and the intensity of participation. Findings The findings show that nearly half of artisanal businesses (45.4 per cent) comprise only the owners and no employee, while 54.6 per cent employ one to three workers. Also, some artisanal ventures were more gender-specific than the gender-neutral activities. Other observations were in age (most artisans were under the age of 46 years) and vocational training (most were self-trained followed by a third receiving training only in specific areas such as technical works, building and construction and general trading apprenticeships). Research limitations/implications The study is based on a relatively small sample size of 306 business owners, which makes it difficult to generalise despite the persuasiveness of the observations made. Practical implications First, the use of econometric methods enabled the development of valid data sets (and various descriptive statistical and logit regression) to analyse determinants of the decision to engage in artisanal work, and the intensity of participation. Second, the ambiguity in categorising artisanal activities is unravelled. The study characterises the local artisanal sector and examines the intensity of participation. Without these, targeted support would remain elusive for practical and policy interventions. Originality/value Artisanal activities constitute a high proportion of small businesses in the study area – with more than half (54.2 per cent) of respondents being classified as artisans, yet it is an overlooked area of entrepreneurship. Highlighted here are both types of activities and challenges regarding better conceptualising the understanding of artisans and regarding this mostly unarticulated base of practice.

The existing literature has focused on the exclusive relationship between institutional logics that are perceived as competing. The current study argues that multiple logics can co-exist in a blended relationship. The purpose of this study is to shed light on such a blended relationship between the alleged competing logics through the analysis of the institutional demands prescribed for artisan product innovation. A qualitative study with 15 semi-structured in-depth interviews as the main data source was conducted in Bát Tràng, a local artisan ceramic community in Hanoi, Vietnam. This exploratory study reveals that institutional logics show the mutual intersection of some attributes that pave for the existence of the blended relationship. In other words, the mutual intersection of two logics permits the agents to traverse such a blurry boundary between these two logics without incurring institutional conflicts. This study also offers future research agenda in an established literature of institutional logics.

Purpose Through focusing on the Peruvian context, this paper aims to identify the main determinants of the continuity of entrepreneurial activity among women artisans. Design/methodology/approach The empirical sample comprises semi-structured interviews with 28 women artisans in Peru during their participation in a fair organized by the Peruvian Ministry of Culture in Lima (Peru). Thematic analysis was subsequently used to determine the main ideas in the transcripts from the interviews conducted. Findings The findings empirically identified the following job-related (number of work hours, perceived income, future of artisanal jobs), functional (availability and relevance of workstations, the necessity to travel) and socio-cultural determinants (government support, perceived recognition, level of affiliation with Peruvian traditions) as the main drivers of the continuity of entrepreneurial activities among women artisans. Originality/value This paper contributes by filling a gap in the literature on women entrepreneurship and artisan entrepreneurship in which empirical studies of Latin American women artisans continuing with their entrepreneurial activities have been limited so far.