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Abstract art
Abstract art might seem hard to define. But, by introducing readers to the major artists of the style, they'll have a good idea of the general characteristics of an abstract piece. In addition to biographical information about Henri Matisse, Jasper Johns, Paul Klee, and more important abstract artists, readers learn about each masters most famous pieces and ways they were able to achieve the look of the work. Fun, colorful projects accompany each artists spreads, showing readers how they, too, can make cool abstract art.
Book
ABSTRACT NUMBER: ESOC2026A580 CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASE AND UNFAVORABLE FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME DESPITE SUCCESSFUL RECANALIZATION: MEDIATION BY CONTRAST EXTRAVASATION AND INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE
Abstract
Background and aims
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is common in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and is associated with unfavorable functional outcomes and increased risks of contrast extravasation and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated whether contrast extravasation and ICH mediate the association between CSVD burden and unfavorable outcome after EVT.
Methods
We retrospectively enrolled patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion who achieved successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b) between January 2020 and December 2024. CSVD burden was assessed on 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging and categorized as none-to-mild (score 0–2) or moderate-to-severe (score 3–4). Contrast extravasation and ICH were evaluated on post-EVT dual-energy computed tomography. Mediation analysis quantified indirect effects on unfavorable 90-day outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3–6).
Results
Among 243 patients (median age, 65 years; 73.3% male), 101 (41.6%) had moderate-to-severe CSVD. Unfavorable outcomes at 90 days were more frequent in patients with moderate-to-severe CSVD than in those with none-to-mild CSVD (58.4% vs 35.9%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.02; 95% CI, 1.09–3.74). Contrast extravasation and ICH were more prevalent with higher CSVD burden. The total indirect effect through contrast extravasation and ICH was significant (adjusted OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.12), accounting for 30% of the total effect. Contrast extravasation was the dominant mediator (21%) and fully mediated the association between CSVD burden and ICH.
Conclusions
Moderate-to-severe CSVD is independently associated with unfavorable outcomes after successful EVT, partially mediated by postprocedural contrast extravasation and ICH, with contrast extravasation as the primary pathway.
Conflict of interest
Min Zhao: nothing to disclose
Journal Article
The universe of the abstract masters
Catalog of painting exhibition held by Opera Gallery Singapore.
Book
ABSTRACT NUMBER: ESOC2026A1295 ASSOCIATIONS OF PREHOSPITAL BLOOD PRESSURE PARAMETERS AND KEY OUTCOMES IN ACUTE INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE: POST-HOC ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACT4 TRIAL
Abstract
Background and aims
Uncertainty remains about the optimal BP parameters for ICH patients in prehospital settings. We aimed to assess the associations between prehospital BP parameters and clinical outcomes in ICH.
Methods
A post-hoc analysis of the ICH patients from INTERACT4, which randomized suspected stroke patients in prehospital settings to intensive BP lowering group (targeted 130-140 mmHg) or usual care. The SBP parameters included pre-hospital reduction, pre-hospital minimal, and difference between ambulance and hospital arrival. Major outcomes included mRS 3-6, 90-day mortality, and death or neurological deterioration within 7 days. The associations were determined in logistic or linear regression models adjusting for baseline covariates.
Results
Among 1029 patients (mean age 64.9[12.3] y, 32.3% female), median time from randomization to hospital arrival was 13(8-23) min. The prehospital SBP reduction was 17 (5-35) mmHg and prehospital minimal SBP was 163.7(SD 26.6) mmHg. Prehospital SBP reduction was negatively associated with 90-day mortality(aOR 0.91, 95%CI 0.84-0.99, p=0.03), while prehospital minimal SBP was positively associated with death within 90 days (aOR 1.09, 95%CI 1.01-1.19, p=0.03). Elevated SBP difference between ambulance and hospital arrival was associated with increased risk of death within 90 days (aOR 1.07, 95%CI 1.00-1.14, p=0.04).
Conclusions
Lower achieved SBP and larger reduction were associated with decreased risk of death, but larger SBP rebound was associated with higher risk of worse outcomes, highlighting the importance of ultra-early intensive BP lowering in the ambulance and keep stability during transference for patients with ICH.
Conflict of interest
nothing to disclose
Journal Article
ABSTRACT NUMBER: ESOC2026A2139 CHOROID PLEXUS ENLARGEMENT AFTER SPONTANEOUS SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE: LONGITUDINAL CHANGES AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH CLINICAL AND COGNITIVE OUTCOMES
Abstract
Background and aims
The choroid plexus (CP) is a key interface for cerebrospinal fluid regulation and neuroinflammatory signaling. However, its structural evolution and clinical relevance after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remain poorly characterized.
Methods
A retrospective cohort of 239 spontaneous SAH patients and 30 age and sex-matched controls was included. In SAH subjects, choroid plexus volume was quantified on 3T-MRI in the acute phase (T3) and at 90 days (T90). CP volumes were compared between patients and controls, and longitudinal changes in SAH cases were assessed using linear mixed-effects models. Associations with functional outcome, measured by the modified Rankin Scale at day 90, were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. Associations with cognitive performance, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Trail Making Tests A and B, were evaluated using multivariable linear regression. The models were adjusted for age, sex, WFNS grade, modified Fisher scale, hypertension, hydrocephalus, and aneurysm presence.
Results
CP volume was significantly higher in SAH patients compared with controls at all time points and increased significantly over time. In adjusted models, both CP volume at T90 (aORx100mm3=1.09; 95%CI=1.04-1.14; p=0.0006) and longitudinal CP volume increase from T3 to T90 (OR=1.08; 95%CI=1.02-1.15; p=0.0076) were associated with worse functional outcome. Longitudinal CP volume increase was also associated with executive dysfunction (β-value for logTM-B time=0.015; p=0.047).
Conclusions
After SAH, dynamic increases in CP volume, rather than acute size, are associated with worse functional recovery and executive dysfunction. These findings identify longitudinal CP changes as a potential imaging marker of recovery processes after SAH.
Conflict of interest
Paula Roset: nothing to disclose. Inés Bartolomé: nothing to disclose. Daniel Santana: nothing to disclose. Alejandra Mosteiro: nothing to disclose. Ramon Torné: nothing to disclose. Mariano Werner: nothing to disclose. Carlos Laredo: nothing to disclose. Emma Muñoz: nothing to disclose. Laura Llull: nothing to disclose. Sergio Amaro: nothing to disclose.
Journal Article
Abstract painting and abstraction
Abstract painting and abstraction can be a daunting and frustrating genre of art. How should you approach a surface? How can you use colour effectively? How can you make better, more expressive paintings? This inspiring book answers these questions and many more. By looking at his own work, Emyr Williams covers the practical issues of abstract art before explaining techniques to develop your own personal style and approach. He emphasises the relationship of colour to surface and the importance of seeking a profound connection with your art.
Book
ABSTRACT NUMBER: ESOC2026A1617 PREDICTORS OF POOR FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH MEDIUM VESSEL OCCLUSIONS
Abstract
Background and aims
Recent randomized trials suggest that endovascular therapy (EVT) may not provide a significant benefit to patients with medium vessel occlusions (MeVOs). We aimed to develop a model to predict 90-day functional outcomes in patients with MeVOs to better recognize those at high-risk.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a prospective dual-center database of consecutive patients with primary MeVOs (distal or non-dominant M2, M3, A2-A3, P1-P2) who underwent EVT or medical management (MM) between January 2022 and May 2025. Predictors were identified using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. Poor functional outcome was defined as mRS 3-6. Interaction plots were examined to identify clinically meaningful cutpoints.
Results
A total of 296 patients (median age: 77, IQR: [68-84.2]; 56.3% males) were included. Among them, 77.7% (N=230) underwent EVT, and 22.3% (N=66) received MM. The final model selected age, admission NIHSS, Tmax>10s, CBF <30%, history of hypertension, and use of IV thrombolysis as predictors of poor functional outcome at 90-days. In this model, increasing age was associated with poor functional outcome (aOR: 1.05 95%CI: 1.02-1.08; p=<0.001). Furthermore, we identified a significant interaction between EVT and age (p=0.022; Figure 1). When stratifying the cohort by age, we observed that EVT has a positive effect only in younger patients (<69 years) (Figure 2).
Conclusions
Our study suggests a clear differential benefit of EVT in patients with MeVOs who are younger than 69 years.This finding is crucial for stratifying higher-risk patients and informing selection criteria for future MEVOs studies.
Conflict of interest
Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez received grants from NIH-NINDS (R01NS127114, R01NS138765, R03NS126804), PCORI, Stryker, Medtronic, and Methinks. Marc Ribo is the Chief Medical Office of Methinks and has equity interests. Anderson Brito and the rest of the team have nothing to disclose.
Figure 1 - belongs to Results
Figure 2 - belongs to Results
Journal Article
ABSTRACT NUMBER: ESOC2026A2315 BEYOND ANGIOGRAPHIC SUCCESS: FLAT-PANEL CT DISTAL OCCLUSION TRACKER SIGN IDENTIFIES INCOMPLETE REPERFUSION AFTER THROMBECTOMY
Abstract
Background and aims
Early neurological deterioration (END) may occur despite angiographically successful mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Flat-panel detector CT (FPDCT) allows immediate post-procedural detection of distal embolization and reperfusion-related injury. We investigated whether FPDCT markers identify patients at increased risk of END beyond conventional angiographic grading.
Methods
In this prospective multicentre observational study, consecutive patients with anterior circulation stroke treated with MT at two comprehensive stroke centres were included. Post-procedural FPDCT was used to assess the presence of the distal occlusion tracker (DOT) sign. The primary outcome was END. Secondary outcomes included functional outcome, 24-hour ASPECTS and haemorrhagic complications. Associations between the DOT sign and clinical-radiological variables, including Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction recanalization score (TICI), were evaluated through univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
Results
Among 374 patients, the DOT sign was present in 31%.DOT-positive patients had higher rates of END compared with DOT-negative patients (25.0%vs12.8%, P = 0.003).The DOT sign was associated with lower rates of successful reperfusion (TICI≥2b:79.3%vs91.1%,P < 0.001) and higher prevalence of cortical hyperattenuation on FPDCT.In multivariate analysis, the DOT sign independently predicted END (adjusted OR2.07,95%,CI1.03–4.15), together with cardioembolic etiology, baseline NIHSS, lower FPDCT ASPECTS and unsuccessful reperfusion. DOT-based adjudication led to reclassification of approximately half of angiographic TICI3 cases to lower reperfusion grades.
Conclusions
The DOT sign is a practical post- thrombectomy imaging marker helping in the prediction of END. Integrating the DOT sign assessment may help in the stratification of tissues at risk and risk of END, adding to the selection of patients for adjunctive intra-arterial medications.
Conflict of interest
Valentina Tudisco: nothing to disclose; Michele Romoli: nothing to disclose; Francesca Giannini: nothing to disclose; Davide Vicari: nothing to disclose; Federica N. Sepe: nothing to disclose; Fabrizio Giammello: nothing to disclose; Marco Longoni: nothing to disclose; Antonio Toscano: nothing to disclose; Maria Ruggiero: nothing to disclose.
Journal Article