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In early Islamic economics, five different dimensions of analysis are broadly identified. First, economic issues have been discussed by Mufassirin in the light of the Holy Quran. For instance, discussions on the prohibition of usury and the encouragement of economic activities for human welfare. Second; economic issues have been discussed in the light of Fiqh. For example the legal aspects of Mudharibah and Musharikah have been dealt within this discipline in great detail. Third; economic matters have been discussed by Muslims in the light of ethical system of Islam for moral development. The works of Ulama, Sufis, Muslim philosophers and reformers come under this category. Fourthly, some good pieces of works, related to economics have been written by some great scholars of Islam in response to the needs of their times while holding important government offices. The works related to public finance, public revenues, land tax, public expenditure fall under this category. The book Kitab al Kharaj by Imam Abu Yusuf is one such example. Finally some Islamic Scholars and philosophers have provided objective analysis in the field of economics. The analysis made by Imam Ghazzali, Ibn Taimiyah, Ibn Khaldun and lately by Shah Waliullah Dehlwi fall under this category.

From the cleric-led Iranian revolution to the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan, many people have been surprised by what they see as the modern reemergence of an antimodern phenomenon. This book helps account for the increasingly visible public role of traditionally educated Muslim religious scholars (the `ulama) across contemporary Muslim societies. Muhammad Qasim Zaman describes the transformations the centuries-old culture and tradition of the `ulama have undergone in the modern era--transformations that underlie the new religious and political activism of these scholars. In doing so, it provides a new foundation for the comparative study of Islam, politics, and religious change in the contemporary world. While focusing primarily on Pakistan, Zaman takes a broad approach that considers the Taliban and the `ulama of Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, India, and the southern Philippines. He shows how their religious and political discourses have evolved in often unexpected but mutually reinforcing ways to redefine and enlarge the roles the `ulama play in society. Their discourses are informed by a longstanding religious tradition, of which they see themselves as the custodians. But these discourses are equally shaped by--and contribute in significant ways to--contemporary debates in the Muslim public sphere. This book offers the first sustained comparative perspective on the `ulama and their increasingly crucial religious and political activism. It shows how issues of religious authority are debated in contemporary Islam, how Islamic law and tradition are continuously negotiated in a rapidly changing world, and how the `ulama both react to and shape larger Islamic social trends. Introducing previously unexamined facets of religious and political thought in modern Islam, it clarifies the complex processes of religious change unfolding in the contemporary Muslim world and goes a long way toward explaining their vast social and political ramifications.

This article shows that the management of water resources in Late Sasanian and Early Islamic Iraq (sixth to tenth centuries ad) implied the participation of local communities and the mutual cooperation of landholders. The organisation of water management in the Late Sasanian Period (sixth to seventh centuries) depended on a highly complex system of interaction between local communities, aristocratic rulers and the imperial bureaucracy. This interaction allowed the government to gather information from different regions of the empire and to understand the needs of the different stakeholders. As such, the system provided a favourable institutional framework for the expansion of irrigated agriculture. The system changed when landholding conditions were transformed in the Early Islamic period, during the ninth century. These institutional transformations allowed the influence of a group of tax-farmers and merchant-bankers to increase. Irrigation policies were therefore bent to the interests of these new elites, which often lay in short-term gains rather than in long-term success. The article suggests that, in the long run, these socio-economic and institutional changes contributed substantially to the breakdown of the agricultural system in Ancient Iraq.

Fifty-year-old car wash worker Rosli bin Hamzah was preparing \"to die for the ISIS cause\" and thought the militant's practise of beheading people was \"religiously permissible\" when he was arrested last month after returning to Singapore from nearby Batam island in Indonesia, the city state's Ministry of Home Affairs alleges. Both men, the Ministry of Home Affairs state, listened to the Batam-based radio station Hang Radio, which it alleges \"sometimes features speakers who preach extreme religious views\". \"This is risky in term of stability because Batam is very close to Singapore,\" Mr [Abu Yusuf] said.

In 16 concise chapters on key topics, this work provides a rich, authoritative, and up-to-date introduction to Islamic political thought from the birth of Islam to today, presenting essential background and context for understanding contemporary politics in the Islamic world and beyond.

\"Like I said it's not equipment that we're lacking, it's truly just the staff. So insh'allah (if Allah wills) I'll see you soon.

This \"Key\" to the Khamsa consists of thirteen essays by eminent scholars in the field of Persian Studies, each focusing on different aspects of the Khamsa, which is a collection of five long poems written by the Persian poet Nizami of Ganja. Nizami (1141-1209) lived and worked in Ganja in present-day Azerbaijan. He is widely recognized as one of the main poets of Medieval Persia, a towering figure who produced outstanding poetry, straddling mysticism, romances and epics. He has left his mark on the whole Persian-speaking world and countless younger poets in the area stretching from the Ottoman to the Mughal worlds (present-day Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, India) have found him an inspiration and have tried to emulate him. His work has influenced such other immense poets as Hafez, Rumi, and Saadi. His five masnavis (long poems) address a variety of topics and disciplines and have all enjoyed enormous fame, as the countless surviving manuscripts of his work indicate. His heroes, Khosrow and Shirin, Leili and Majnun, Iskandar count amongst the stars of the Persian literary firmament and have become household names all over the Islamic world. The essays in the present volume constitute a significant development in the field of Nizami-studies, and on a more general level, of classical Persian literature. They focus on topics such as mysticism, art history, comparative literature, science, and philosophy. they show how classical Greek knowledge mingles in a unique manner with the Persian past and the Islamic culture in Nizami's world. They reflect a high degree of engagement with the existing scholarship in the field, they revive and challenge traditional views on the poet and his work and are indispensable both for specialists in the field and for anyone interested in the movement of ideas in the Medieval world. Deze \"sleutel\" om de 'Khamsa' te ontsluiten bestaat uit dertien essays door specialisten op het gebied van Perzische Studies. Elk essay richt zich op een ander aspect van de 'Khamsa', een verzameling van vijf lange gedichten geschreven door de Perzische dichter Nizami van Ganja. Nizami (1141-1209) woonde en werkte in Ganja, in het huidige Azerbeidzjan. Hij wordt algemeen erkend als een van de belangrijkste dichters van het middeleeuwse Perzië. Hij schreef poëzie op het breukvlak mystiek, romances en heldendichten en drukte zijn stempel op talloze jonge dichters, zoals Hafez, Rumi en Saadi, over een gebied dat zich uitstrekt van het huidige Turkije, Azerbeidzjan, Armenië, Georgië, Iran, Afghanistan, oezbekistan, Tadzjikistan, Pakistan, India. De essays dit boek zorgen voor een nieuwe kijk op de 'Khamsa'. Zij richten zich op onderwerpen als mystiek, kunstgeschiedenis, vergelijkende literatuur, wetenschap en filosofie. Ze laten zien hoe de klassieke Griekse kennis zich op een unieke manier vermengde met het Perzische verleden en de islamitische cultuur. Dit boek is onmisbaar voor de specialisten op het gebied van Perzische literatuur, maar ook goed leesbaar voor de geïnteresseerd leek.

Qudsnet in Arabic at 1143 gmt on 14 April posts statements by PLO Executive Committee member Wasil Abu-Yusuf in which he denies Israeli reports to the effect that the PNA leadership has agreed \"in principle\" to extend the negotiations \"for a few months\" after the Jewish holidays.

Speaking right after the PLO Executive Committee session, which was presided over by [Mahmud Abbas] at the presidential compound in Ramallah, [Abu-Yusuf] said that the team of negotiators led by Erekat [Sa'ib Urayqat] did not discuss the issue of resignation at all in the course of the session.