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The present study investigated the influence of berberine (BBR) supplementation in normal and high-lipid (HL) diets on lipid metabolism and accumulation in black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). BBR was supplemented at 50 mg/kg to control (Con, 11·1 % crude lipid) and high-lipid (HL, 20·2 % crude lipid) diets and named as ConB and HLB, respectively. After the 8-week feeding trial, fish body length and specific growth rate were significantly reduced by HL diets (P < 0·05). Muscle and whole-body crude lipid contents were significantly influenced by both BBR supplementation and dietary lipid level. Fish fed the HLB diet had significantly lower serum TAG, LDL-cholesterol contents and alanine aminotransferase activity compared with the HL group. The HL group presented vast lipid accumulation in the liver, and hypertrophied hepatocytes along with large lipid droplets, and translocation of nuclear to the cell periphery. These abnormalities in black sea bream were alleviated in the HLB group. BBR supplementation in the HL diet significantly down-regulated the hepatic expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pparγ, whereas the lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a expression levels were significantly up-regulated. However, the expression levels of these genes showed opposite trends in muscle (except for pparγ). In conclusion, dietary BBR supplementation in the HL diet reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by down-regulating lipogenesis gene expression and up-regulating lipolysis gene expression, and it increased muscle lipid contents with opposite trends of the mechanism observed in the liver.

Effects of adding organic acid salts (OAS) to plant protein (PP)–rich feeds were evaluated in a trial with juvenile yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) (initial weight ca 6.5 g). Fish were given iso-nitrogenous (ca. 48% protein) and iso-caloric (ca. 19.6 kJ g−1) feeds supplemented with sodium acetate (SA) and sodium propionate (SP): SP5 (5 g SP kg−1), SP10 (10 g SP kg−1), SA5 (5 g SA kg−1), SA10 (10 g SA kg−1), and SP+SA (5 g SP kg−1 + 5 g SA kg−1). A PP-rich feed without OAS supplementation was the control. There were 3 replicates for each treatment and trial duration was 8 weeks, during which time the fish were kept in 60-L tanks (10 fish per tank) and fed to satiation twice each day. At the end of the trial, growth performance, feed utilization, whole-body proximate composition, and hemato-biochemical parameters were analyzed. Final weights in SP5 (14.61 g), SP10 (14.14 g), and SP+SA (14.29 g) groups were remarkably higher than the control (11.18 g). The highest and the least feed conversion ratio values were in the control (1.71) and SP5 (1.19) groups, respectively. Whole-body proximate composition did not change among groups. Blood hemoglobin contents in fish fed the OAS-supplemented diets were between 7.44 and 7.88 g dL−1 that was higher than the control (6.47 g dL−1). Fish fed on the OAS-incorporated diets had greater amounts of plasma total protein (6.0–6.94 g dL−1) compared to the control (5.06 g dL−1). According to the findings of this study, administrating 5 g SP kg−1 of a PP-rich diet is recommended for improving growth and welfare of A. latus juveniles.

Seabream is one of most important candidates for aquaculture in China. However, in recent years, streptococcosis has posed a serious challenge. Galectin-8 has been proven to play an important role in the antibacterial immunity of teleost. In this study, Acanthopagrus latus Galectin-8 ( AlGal-8 ) was characterized for the first time consisting of 8 exons and 7 introns. AlGal-8 protein was considered to dock with N-Acetylglucosamine in the CRD region. In healthy tissues, AlGal-8 was found to be expressed highest in the gills, followed by brain, kidney and liver. After infection with Streptococcus iniae , the expression of AlGal-8 in the brain, kidney, and liver increased to varying degrees, but there was no significant change in the spleen. We also analyzed SNPs present in the genomic region of AlGal-8 , and a total of 8 SNPs were found. One SNPs in exon (G2264C) and two in introns (T4799G and C4892T) were significantly ( P  < 0.05) associated with resistance to S. iniae . This study not only provides a reference for the role of Galectin-8 in the antibacterial immunity of teleost but also provides fundamental information for the disease-resistant molecular breeding of A. latus .

Muscle stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in muscle growth, repair, and regeneration, offering potential applications in cell-mediated therapy, tissue engineering, and alternative food production. Despite significant advancements in isolating and enriching MSCs from mammalian tissues, research on fish MSCs remains limited. This study aimed to establish an optimized protocol for isolating, enriching, and propagating black sea bream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii ) MSCs for potential biotechnological applications. Skeletal muscle tissues were enzymatically dissociated using various enzymes, with collagenase type II and pronase identified as the most effective combination for cell isolation and tissue debris removal. Differential plating (DP) on collagen type I effectively enriched MSCs, as evidenced by a significant increase in Pax7 expression in non-adhesive cells. Among several adhesion substrates tested, Matrigel-coated dishes best supported the maintenance and differentiation potential of enriched MSCs, enabling robust myotube formation. To mitigate the high cost of Matrigel, cells were transitioned to laminin- or gelatin-coated dishes after the early passages. Notably, Matrigel-conditioned cells maintained their survival and differentiation capacities on these more cost-effective substrates. After long-term culture on gelatin-coated dishes, the cell lines were stably maintained for more than 25 passages, and their myogenic differentiation potentials were well preserved, with variations observed between the cell lines. These findings provide a foundational framework for the efficient isolation, enrichment, and culture of fish MSCs, contributing to the development of scalable and cost-effective protocols for their application in muscle biology and biotechnology.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary lipid sources on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and physiological stress responses including oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegelii (initial weight 0.88 ± 0.01 g) fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets containing different lipid sources were formulated: fish oil (FO), palm oil (PO), linseed oil (LO), and soybean oil (SO), respectively. Results indicated that fish fed HFD supplemented with FO significantly improved growth than SO treatment. The high concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase were found in HFD supplemented with SO. Fish fed dietary LO supplementation showed significantly lower serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein contents than those in SO group. Likewise, hepatic paraffin section analysis indicated that HFD with PO or SO supplementation increased fat drop. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (pparα) and silent regulator 1 (sirt1) were significantly elevated by HFD with FO or LO supplementation. Additionally, the key marker of OS malonaldehyde was significantly increased in FO and SO groups. ERS-related genes were activated in dietary PO or SO supplementation and, hence, triggering inflammation and apoptosis by promoting the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κb) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (jnk). Overall, the present study reveals that lipid metabolic disorders and physiological stress caused by a HFD have significant lipid source-dependent effects, which have important guiding significance for the use of HFD in marine fish.

Although feeding damage caused by black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii has become severe in the nori Neopyropia yezoensis cultivation industry, the behavioral ecology of black sea bream in nori farms remains unclear. In this study, we monitored black sea bream around a nori farm using acoustic telemetry in order to understand the behavioral characteristics of this species. Of the 23 fish specimens tagged with acoustic transmitters, 18 fish were traced over periods > 100 days, with 8 fish considered to be feeding on cultivated nori. It is thought that the black sea bream, which were inferred to have been feeding on nori, exhibited periodicity in their behavior, feding on cultivated nori near the water surface during the day and settling on the seafloor or around seabed structures during the night. Furthermore, the feeding on nori gradually lessened when the water temperature in the cultivation grounds fell below 13 °C. Some methods aimed at reducing feeding damage are proposed that take advantage of the diurnal behavior of black sea bream to catch individuals around nori sets with gill nets or set nets during the season when the water temperature exceeds 13 °C.

Knowledge of fish movement ecology contributes to the improvement of fishery resource management actions. We investigated the horizontal movement of the black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii around the natural coast of Nishinoumishima Island in Hiroshima Bay, using active acoustic tracking. Six adult fish equipped with depth transmitters were tracked for a total of 54 days in the bay. Five tagged fish were fully tracked for 9–10 consecutive days after release. Tagged fish were found in the intertidal zone and adjacent subtidal zones, which were shallower than 12 m, and within 170 m off the coastline. The mean daily movement distance and 95% kernel utilized density of tagged fish were 191 ± 272 m and 60,207 ± 99,437 m2, respectively. The swimming depth of the tagged fish was 1–4 m above the seafloor. We opine that the littoral area (< 12 m in depth), which includes the intertidal zone and adjacent subtidal zone, is an important habitat for black sea bream.

The black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) is an important marine economic fish found on the southeast coast of China. Because of the frequent climate change, the salinity of the waters inhabited by A. schlegelii often decreases, which interferes with the fish’s physiological homeostasis. The isotonic salinity of teleosts are usually lower than that of seawater, so maximum economic benefits cannot be obtained from conventional mariculture. This study was performed to preliminarily clarify the osmotic regulation and antioxidant mechanism of juvenile A. schlegelii and find an appropriate culture salinity value. We selected 5 psu, 10 psu, 15 psu, and 25 psu (control) to conduct physiological experiments for 96 h and growth experiments for 60 days. We found that the juvenile A. schlegelii could adjust their osmotic pressure within 12 h. The growth hormone and cortisol were found to be seawater-acclimating hormones, whereas prolactin was freshwater-acclimating hormone. The activity and mRNA expression of Na+/K+-ATPase showed a U-shaped trend with the decrease of in salinity at 12–96 h. Serum ion concentration and osmotic pressure remained at a relatively stable level after being actively adjusted from 6 to 12 h. At 96 h, the osmotic pressure of the serum isotonic point of juvenile A. schlegelii was approximately equal to that of water with 14.94 salinity. The number and volume of Cl−-secreting cells in the gills decreased. The glomeruli were more developed and structurally sound, with the renal tubules increasing in diameter and the medial brush border being more developed; this may indicate a decrease in salt secretion and an enhanced reabsorption function in the low salinity groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and concentration of malondialdehyde were the lowest in the 15 psu group. In addition, the culture conditions of the 15 psu group improved the feed conversion rate without significant differences in weight gain when compared with the control group. Our results show that 15 psu salinity may be the best parameter for obtaining the maximum economic benefits.

Abstract The yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus, is widely distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific. This species, as a euryhaline Sparidae fish, inhabits in coastal environments with large and frequent salinity fluctuation. So the A. latus can be considered as an ideal species for elucidating the evolutionary mechanism of salinity stress adaption on teleost fish species. Here, a chromosome-scale assembly of A. latus was obtained with PacBio and Hi-C hybrid sequencing strategy. The final assembly genome of A. latus is 685.14 Mbp. The values of contig N50 and scaffold N50 are 14.88 Mbp and 30.72 Mbp, respectively. 29,227 genes were successfully predicted for A. latus in total. Then, the comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis were employed for investigating the different osmoregulation strategies of salinity stress adaption on multiple whole genome scale of Sparidae species. The highly accurate chromosomal information provides the important genome resources for understanding the osmoregulation evolutionary pattern of the euryhaline Sparidae species.

Understanding the genetic composition and regional adaptation of marine species under environmental heterogeneity and fishing pressure is crucial for responsible management. In order to understand the genetic diversity and adaptability of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) along southern China coast, this study was conducted a seascape genome analysis on yellowfin seabream from the ecologically diverse coast, spanning over 1600 km. A total of 92 yellowfin seabream individuals from 15 sites were performed whole-genome resequencing, and 4,383,564 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were called. By conducting a genotype-environment association analysis, 29,951 adaptive and 4,328,299 neutral SNPs were identified. The yellowfin seabream exhibited two distinct population structures, despite high gene flow between sites. The seascape genome analysis revealed that genetic structure was influenced by a variety of factors including salinity gradients, habitat distance, and ocean currents. The frequency of allelic variation at the candidate loci changed with the salinity gradient. Annotation of these loci revealed that most of the genes are associated with osmoregulation, such as kcnab2a, kcnk5a, and slc47a1. These genes are significantly enriched in pathways associated with ion transport including G protein-coupled receptor activity, transmembrane signaling receptor activity, and transporter activity. Overall, our findings provide insights into how seascape heterogeneity affects adaptive evolution, while providing important information for regional management in yellowfin seabream populations.