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In this article, function-theoretic and probabilistic approaches to the recovery of functions from Korobov classes in Lebesgue metrics are considered. Exact order estimates are obtained for the recovery errors of functions reconstructed from both accurate and inaccurate information given by the trigonometric Fourier–Lebesgue coefficients of the recovered function in the uniform metric. Within these settings, optimal computational aggregates (optimal recovery methods) are constructed. The boundary of inaccurate information (the limiting error ε˜N) that preserves the order of recovery corresponding to accurate information is identified. Furthermore, a set of computational aggregates is constructed whose limiting errors do not exceed ε˜N. A procedure for constructing a probability measure on functional classes is presented, and upper bounds for the mean-square recovery error with respect to these measures on Korobov classes are established. Numerical experiments were conducted to validate the theoretical results. These experiments showed that for the function corresponding to the lower bound in Theorem 1 (cases C(N)D-2 and C(N)D-3), the ratio between the function value and the approximation error remains constant in the case of uniform weighting and increases indefinitely when logarithmic weighting is used as the number of terms N grows.

In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of agricultural information service, a personalized recommended service strategy is proposed, which based on data extracted. This recommended strategy combined the characteristics of farmers with agricultural information services, and improved the individual applicability of recommendation, also provided a new way to overcome the collaborative recommended sparse matrix.

The study aimed to investigate the importance of maintaining accurate school records and is underpinned by the interpretivist paradigm and organizational effectiveness theories. The study is based on the Situational Leadership Theory and data gathering took the qualitative approach. Focused-group interviews were conducted on four (4) sampled school principals, two (2) Department of Basic Education (DBE) officials. School records were analyzed, and observations were conducted to support data gathered during interviews. Data from the interview were triangulated by observations, document analysis and a literature review. The reviewed literature indicated that the school principals, as heads of schools play a pivotal role and they are ably assisted by teachers, School Governing Bodies (SGBs), the community, DBE and the support staff to maintain accurate records. Record keeping in education, hence, is the responsibility of the collective. The findings of this research, however, established that, ninety (90.0%) per cent of school principals and teachers do not attach great value to keeping records in the school setting; therefore, the records were in shambles. It is recommended that it be stressed to the stakeholders that record keeping in education should not be one person’s responsibility but a system activity which needs positive and constructive contributions from all concerned. This will ensure a participatory approach to the activity. The researchers also recommend that the 10% enrolment increment factor be abolished as it creates a fertile ground for fake enrolments in schools. Principals need to work diligently on record-keeping and delegate responsibilities to various stakeholders to ensure that accurate records are maintained and are available on request.

Despite the rapid growth of the size of our datasets, the inherent complexity of the problems we are solving is also growing, if not at an even faster rate. This prompts the question of how to infer the most information from the available data.This thesis discusses several examples that reveal a surprising ability to extract accurate information from modest amounts of data. The first setting that we discuss considers data provided by a large number of heterogeneous individuals, and we show that the empirical distribution of the data can be significantly \"de-noised\". The second setting considers estimating the covariance spectrum of a high-dimensional distribution, in the sublinear sample regime where the empirical distribution of the data is misleading. The final setting focuses on estimating \"learnability\": given too little data to learn an accurate prediction model, we can accurately estimate the value of collecting more data. Specifically, for some natural model classes, we can estimate the performance of the best model in the class, given too little data to find any model in the class that would achieve good prediction error. We extend our techniques for estimating learnability to the more general stochastic optimization problems, including the contextual bandit setting. In most of these settings, our algorithms are provably information-theoretically optimal, highly practical, and empirically evaluated by real-world datasets.

Introduction La taille du pénis constitue une préoccupation de beaucoup des gens actuellement et certains ne sont pas satisfaits de la dimension de leur pénis comme le montre l’étude de Tiggemann en 2008. Il existe relativement peu d'études sur le pénis en érection. Cela peut refléter les tabous culturels des chercheurs ou des médecins en interaction avec les hommes qui sont dans un état d’excitation sexuelle. Toutes fois, il est important pour les personnes qui annoncent des détails sur la taille du pénis d’annoncer d’abord les repères de la mesure du pénis puis ensuite donner les chiffres que proposent les chercheurs. Méthodes Notre enquête de type descriptif transversale s’est effectuée dans les deux grandes villes de la République Démocratique du Congo à savoir la ville de Kinshasa et la ville de Lubumbashi, pendant une période de deux ans soit de Mai 2014 à Mai 2016. Au total, 21 sources d’information ont constitué notre échantillon dont 8 à Kinshasa et 13 à Lubumbashi et nous avons trouvé cela suffisant car les sujets à caractère sexuel sont souvent rares chez nous. Les paramètres étudiés étaient: la nature de la source, la précision de la technique de la mesure, la présence de référence bibliographique, la longueur annoncée du pénis. Résultats La majorité des sources d’information sont faites des émissions de radio et de télévision (23,8%), ceci pourra s’expliquer par le fait que dans notre milieu il y a de plus en plus des chaines de radio et télévision et surtout dans les grandes villes. Concernant la précision de la technique de la mesure du pénis lors du partage du message sur la taille du pénis, l’étude nous montre que la majorité des sources d’information ne signale pas cela lorsqu’elles annoncent la taille du pénis au public soit 85,7%. Plusieurs sources ne déclarent pas les références bibliographiques (57,1%). Lorsqu’on regarde même les chiffres de la taille du pénis annoncée, l’on voit les proportions majoritaires suivantes: 14 cm comme taille normale soit 28,6%, suivi de ceux là qui disent 15 cm soit 23,8% et de 15 à 20 cm soit 19%. Conclusion Ces résultats sont une interpellation des tous les acteurs responsables de la diffusion de l’information sur la santé sexuelle (taille du pénis): la rigueur scientifique consiste à chercher l’information dans des sources fiables.

Excitatory synaptic signaling in cortical circuits is thought to be metabolically expensive. Two fundamental brain functions, learning and memory, are associated with long-term synaptic plasticity, but we know very little about energetics of these slow biophysical processes. This study investigates the energy requirement of information storing in plastic synapses for an extended version of BCM plasticity with a decay term, stochastic noise, and nonlinear dependence of neuron’s firing rate on synaptic current (adaptation). It is shown that synaptic weights in this model exhibit bistability. In order to analyze the system analytically, it is reduced to a simple dynamic mean-field for a population averaged plastic synaptic current. Next, using the concepts of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, we derive the energy rate (entropy production rate) for plastic synapses and a corresponding Fisher information for coding presynaptic input. That energy, which is of chemical origin, is primarily used for battling fluctuations in the synaptic weights and presynaptic firing rates, and it increases steeply with synaptic weights, and more uniformly though nonlinearly with presynaptic firing. At the onset of synaptic bistability, Fisher information and memory lifetime both increase sharply, by a few orders of magnitude, but the plasticity energy rate changes only mildly. This implies that a huge gain in the precision of stored information does not have to cost large amounts of metabolic energy, which suggests that synaptic information is not directly limited by energy consumption. Interestingly, for very weak synaptic noise, such a limit on synaptic coding accuracy is imposed instead by a derivative of the plasticity energy rate with respect to the mean presynaptic firing, and this relationship has a general character that is independent of the plasticity type. An estimate for primate neocortex reveals that a relative metabolic cost of BCM type synaptic plasticity, as a fraction of neuronal cost related to fast synaptic transmission and spiking, can vary from negligible to substantial, depending on the synaptic noise level and presynaptic firing.

Investment Risk Management and Economic Aspects of Transport Infrastructure Development The major causes of investment riskiness into transport infrastructure relate to international economy instability, lack of clearly defined and accurate information on the overall processes of international intermodal transportation, absence of objective information due to inconsequent market research as regards interpretation of economic, political and other aspects. Assessment of objective integrated investments into public transport sector as a very specific branch of economy should necessarily be evaluated as multiple indicators affecting different spheres of community, and the final solution should be drawn when all multi-criteria indicators are well appraised. Economy based grounding of the optimal choice from all possible variants when solving specific tasks of the transport sector, depends on the economic expediency of the constructed subject. The main factors of effective usage of investments become apparent in the process of solving the task of road or railway network development optimisation.

The purpose of this book is to provide a coherent overview of the insolvency systems found around the world. Its intended audience includes academics, judges, lawyers, and policymakers. Its focus is on businesses rather than natural persons. The authors hope to give the reader a sense of some of the principal approaches to managing the general default of a business debtor. The authors will discuss the nature of the costs and benefits arising from the various policy choices legislators have made. In the process, they will emphasize the close interrelationship among various elements of an insolvency regime so that these elements can be viewed as part of an overall system and not just as a series of policy decisions about particular rules, such as the method of initiation of an insolvency case or the balance struck in setting the boundaries of an avoidance power. The organization of the book reflects our view of insolvency laws as complete systems, including not only the 'insolvency' or 'bankruptcy' code of a jurisdiction but also closely related laws and the institutional framework in which those laws are applied. The book takes a systematic approach to a variety of topics related to credit and insolvency regulation. The functional analysis starts with the study of debt enforcement, continues with an examination of general corporate insolvency legislation, corporate rehabilitation proceedings, informal workouts, employee rights, judicial and administrative institutions, and the considerations key to cross-border insolvency proceedings.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Broodstock and eggs Broodstock conditioning Larval culture Juveniles Commercial production Conclusions References

This study provides a conceptual framework for the analysis of the questions of out-of-court debt restructuring from a policy-oriented perspective. The starting point of the analysis is given by the World Bank principles for effective insolvency and creditor rights systems. The study offers an overview of out-of-court restructuring, which is not seen as fundamentally opposed to formal insolvency procedures. Actually, the study contemplates different restructuring techniques as forming a continuum to the treatment of financial difficulties. The study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of all the debt restructuring techniques, and concludes, in this regard, that a legal system may contain a number of options a menu that can cover different sets of circumstances. In the end, the law may offer a toolbox with very different instruments that the parties may use depending on the specific facts of the case. The study also provides a checklist that can be used to examine the features of a legal system that bear a direct influence on debt restructuring activities.