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"Activated sludge process"
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Photo-Activated Sludge : a novel algal-bacterial biotreatment for nitrogen removal from wastewater
Ammoniumrijk afvalwater wordt veelal geproduceerd door gemeentelijk, industrieel en landbouwafval, en effluent uit anaerobe afvalwaterzuiveringsmethoden. Dit vormt een risico voor het milieu vanwege de hoge concentratie aan voedingsstoffen (stikstof en fosfor), wat eutrofièering in waterpartijen kan bevorderen en daarmee de kwaliteit van ecosystemen kan aantasten. Als innovatieve oplossing hierop is een nieuw biologisch verwerkingsmechanisme genaamd Photo-Activated Sludge (PAS) geèevalueerd, wat gebruik maakt van een consortium van microalgen en bacterièen voor de zuivering van ammoniumrijk afvalwater.
Book
Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems
This book provides, from the process engineering perspective, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview regarding various aspects of the mechanistic (\"white box\") modelling and simulation of advanced activated sludge systems performing biological nutrient removal. In the new edition of the book, a special focus is given to nitrogen removal and the latest developments in modelling the innovative nitrogen removal processes. Furthermore, a new section on micropollutant removal has been added.The focus of modelling has been shifting in the last years to models that can describe the performance of a whole plant (plantwide modelling). The expanded part of this new edition introduces models describing the most important processes interrelated with the mainstream activated sludge systems as well as models describing the energy balance, operating costs and environmental impact. The complex process evaluation, including minimization of energy consumption and carbon footprint, is in line with the present and future wastewater treatment goals.By combining a general introduction and a textbook, this book serves both intermediate and more experienced model users, both researchers and practitioners, as a comprehensive guide to modelling and simulation studies. The book can be used as a supplemental material at graduate and post-graduate levels of wastewater.
eBook
Carbon capture for blackwater: chemical enhanced high-rate activated sludge process
Blackwater has more benefits for carbon recovery than conventional domestic wastewater. Carbon capture and up-concentration are crucial prerequisites for carbon recovery from blackwater, the same as domestic wastewater. Both chemical enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) and high-rate activated sludge (HRAS) processes have enormous potential to capture organics. However, single CEPT is subject to the disruption of influent sulfide, and single HRAS has insufficient flocculation capacity. As a result, their carbon capture efficiencies are low. By combining CEPT and HRAS with chemical enhanced high rate activated sludge (CEHRAS) process, the limitations of single CEPT and single HRAS offset each other. The carbon mineralization efficiency was significantly influenced by SRT rather than iron salt dosage. An iron dosage significantly decreased chemical oxygen demand (COD) lost in effluent. Both SRT and iron dosage had a significant influence on the carbon capture efficiency. However, HRT had no great impact on the organic mass balance. CEHRAS allowed up to 78.2% of carbon capture efficiency under the best conditions. The results of techno-economic analysis show that decreasing the iron salt dosage to 10 mg Fe/L could promise profiting for blackwater treatment. In conclusion, CEHRAS is a more appropriate technology to capture carbon in blackwater.
Journal Article
Comparative study of membrane bioreactor (MBR) and activated sludge processes in the treatment of Moroccan domestic wastewater
The study was based on an external pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a ceramic membrane compared to a conventional activated sludge process (ASP) plant. Both systems received their influent from domestic wastewater. The MBR produced an effluent of much better quality than the ASP in terms of total suspended solids (TSS), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). Other effluent quality parameters also indicated substantial differences between the ASP and the MBR. This study leads to the conclusion that in the case of domestic wastewater, MBR treatment leads to excellent effluent quality. Hence, the replacement of ASP by MBR may be justified on the basis of the improved removal of solids, nutrients, and micropollutants. Furthermore, in terms of reuse the high quality of the treated water allows it to be reused for irrigation.
Journal Article
Troubleshooting the Sequencing Batch Reactor
The practical guide on what to do right when biological influences cause a sequencing batch reactor to go wrong
This richly illustrated, straightforward guide carries forth the legacy established by previous editions in the Wiley Wastewater Microbiology series by focusing attention on the mixed gathering of organisms cohabitating within a sequencing batching reactor (SBR), and the key roles their biology plays in this wastewater processing tank's function. With a clear, user-friendly presentation of complex subject matter, Troubleshooting the Sequence Batch Reactor first teaches plant operators how to differentiate the positive and expected organismal dynamics present in optimal SBR performance from the negative and damaging ones that create unhealthy sludge, and a stoppage in SBR operations. Next, Troubleshooting the Sequence Batch Reactor delivers all the tools necessary to get an SBR back on track and running safely. In this book you'll get:
* Short-course situations tested by the author for the past fifteen years
* Accessible material aimed at operators instead of design and consulting engineers
* Essential information for understanding biological conditions such as aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic/fermentative at the treatment process
* Examination of the properties of protozoa (single-celled) and metazoa (multi-celled) organisms, and their significance in wastewater treatment
Devoid of overwhelming scientific jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics, this book simplifies details to provide quick instruction for plant operators on how to make more informed day-to-day process control decisions, how to troubleshoot confidently when SBR conditions become compromised, and how to act decisively when the problem is ultimately identified.
eBook
Life cycle cost analysis of wastewater treatment technologies
With the ever-increasing population, volumes of wastewater treatment are a major concern in our country. The Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Biological Filtration and Oxygenated Reactor (BIOFOR), Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), and Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR) are all monetarily investigated in the present study using the Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) tool. In this study, life cycle costing is done using the present value method, which involves discounting the costs for a 20-year economic life. The costs of treating wastewater per million litres per day (MLD) of wastewater treatment technology are obtained from the literature. Moreover, this study takes into account the capital, annual operation, energy, salvage, and replacement costs to compare the life cycle costs of ASP, UASB, BIOFOR, and MBBR to make the best guess of an economical technology. The LCCA demonstrates that the MBBR has the highest costs of treatment, resulting in the highest Life Cycle Cost (LCC). BIOFOR has the largest energy requirement making LCC the second-highest among the technologies. In India, ASP is one of the most widely used technologies, whose LCC is the third most advanced of the four technologies. Because of its lower energy and operating costs, UASB has the lowest LCC.
Journal Article
Modeling of Activated Sludge Process Using Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Networks
Mathematical Modeling of the activated sludge process (ASP) enhances the understanding of the process and improves the quality of the effluent released. However, as the process is complex and nonlinear, mathematical modeling of the process has been a challenge. In this study, multi-layer perceptron neural networks (MLP-ANN) are investigated to predict water quality parameters for better control of wastewater treatment plants employing an activated sludge process. The study area selected was in a central district of the southern state of India. The parameters to be investigated are biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), and pH. The model is evaluated based on statistical parameters of correlation coefficient R and mean square error (MSE). The neural network toolbox of MATLAB 2015b is used for modeling and simulation study. It has been found that effluent biochemical oxygen demand was predicted with a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.927 and minimum mean square error of 0.0022, effluent suspended solids were predicted with a maximum correlation coefficient value of 0.947 and minimum mean square value of 0.0058, effluent pH was predicted with a maximum correlation coefficient value of 0.8299 and minimum mean square value of 0.0132.
Publication
Low temperature effects on nitrification and nitrifier community structure in V-ASP for decentralized wastewater treatment and its improvement by bio-augmentation
The vegetation-activated sludge process (V-ASP) has been proved to be an environment-friendly decentralized wastewater treatment system with extra esthetic function and less footprint. However, the effects of low temperature on the treatment performance of V-ASP and related improvement methods are rarely investigated, up to now. In this work, the effect of low temperature on nitrification in V-ASP was comprehensively investigated from overall nitrification performance, substrate utilization kinetics, functional enzymatic activities, and microbial community structure shift by comparison with conventional ASP. Bio-augmentation methods in terms of single-time nitrifier-enriched biomass dosage were employed to improve nitrification efficiency in bench- and full-scale systems. The experiment results demonstrated that the NH
4
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–N removal efficiency in V-ASP system decreased when the operational temperature decreased from 30 to 15 °C, and the decreasing extent was rather smaller compared to ASP, as well as ammonium and nitrite oxidation rates and enzymatic activities, which indicated the V-ASP system possesses high resistance to low temperature. With direct dosage of 1.6 mg nitrifier/gSS sludge, the nitrification efficiency in V-ASP was enhanced dramatically from below 50% to above 90%, implying that bio-augmentation was effective for V-ASP whose enzymatic activities and microbial communities were both also improved. The feasibility and effectiveness of bio-augmentation was further confirmed in a full-scale V-ASP system after a long-term experiment which is instructive for the practical application.
Journal Article
Activated sludge : 100 years and counting
Activated Sludge - 100 Years and Counting covers the current status of all aspects of the activated sludge process and looks forward to its further development in the future. It celebrates 100 years of the Activated Sludge process, from the time that the early developers presented the seminal works that led to its eventual worldwide adoption.
The book assembles contributions from renowned world leaders in activated sludge research, development, technology and application. The objective of the book is to summarise the knowledge of all aspects of the activated sludge process and to present and discuss anticipated future developments. The book comprises invited papers that were delivered at the conference \"Activated Sludge…100 Years and Counting!\", held in Essen, Germany, June 12th to 14th, 2014.
Activated Sludge - 100 Years and Counting is of interest to researchers, engineers, designers, operations specialists, and governmental agencies from a wide range of disciplines associated with all aspects of the activated sludge process.
Authors: David Jenkins, University of California at Berkeley, USA, Jiri Wanner, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
eBook
An ecological vegetation-activated sludge process (V-ASP) for decentralized wastewater treatment: system development, treatment performance, and mathematical modeling
An environment-friendly decentralized wastewater treatment process that is comprised of activated sludge process (ASP) and wetland vegetation, named as vegetation-activated sludge process (V-ASP), was developed for decentralized wastewater treatment. The long-term experimental results evidenced that the vegetation sequencing batch reactor (V-SBR) process had consistently stable higher removal efficiencies of organic substances and nutrients from domestic wastewater compared with traditional sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The vegetation allocated into V-SBR system could not only remove nutrients through its vegetation transpiration ratio but also provide great surface area for microorganism activity enhancement. This high vegetation transpiration ratio enhanced nutrients removal effectiveness from wastewater mainly by flux enhancement, oxygen and substrate transportation acceleration, and vegetation respiration stimulation. A mathematical model based on ASM2d was successfully established by involving the specific function of vegetation to simulate system performance. The simulation results on the influence of operational parameters on V-ASP treatment effectiveness demonstrated that V-SBR had a high resistance to seasonal temperature fluctuations and influent loading shocking.
Journal Article