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ObjectiveTo examine the associations and interactive effects of physical activity and sleep quality on mental health among Indian college students.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted among Indian college students. The sociodemographic data and body mass index were obtained from a convenience sample of 617 college students, age range from 18 to 30 years, including both genders (314 men, 51%). All participants completed three questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Questionnaires were evaluated to ascertain the subjects’ mental health level, physical activity level, and sleep quality. Analyses were conducted with binary logistic regression models.ResultThe mean (± S.D.) anxiety and depression scores were 9.3 ± 4.4 and 7.4 ± 2.5 respectively, with anxiety and depression scores ranging from 0 to 20 and 0–17, respectively.The prevalence of anxiety (30%) was more than that of depression (18%). Out of the total participants, 51% reported having low physical activity levels, and 51% had poor sleep quality. Odds ratio calculations indicated that the participants physical activity levels (moderate and high) were significantly and inversely associated with scores for anxiety (OR = 0.16 and 0.96; p = 0.001) and for depression (OR = 0.11 and 0.96; p = 0.001).The poor sleep quality was significantly positively associated with anxiety (OR = 1.38) and depression OR = 1.58 (p = 0.001).ConclusionMental health problems are common among both male and female college students. Significant associations were found between physical activity levels and sleep quality with mental health.

The purpose of the present study was to compare body composition and physical activity level between children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). A sample of 78 children, adolescents and adults participated in the study. Anthropometrics and physical activity, using GT1M accelerometer, were assessed. Overweight and obesity prevalence was higher in men vs. male children ( p  < 0.001) and in men vs. women ( p  = 0.035). Children recorded more moderate to vigorous physical activity ( p  = 0.040) than adults. Normal-weight children and adolescents combined as one age group, accomplished more moderate to vigorous physical activity, steps and less sedentary time compared to their overweight and obese counterparts during the weekend. Obesity status may negatively affect physical activity level in ASD individuals.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) in children and adolescents can lead to motor and executive impairments that often require long-term treatment. The implementation of web-based telerehabilitation therapy at home is a method to improve the functional status of patients. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the effects of web-based telerehabilitation programs on functional outcomes in children and adolescents with brain injury and supplemented the findings with a meta-analysis. This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of web-based telerehabilitation training on children and adolescents with brain injury to determine whether web-based telerehabilitation therapy improved motor function, executive function, physical activity level, lower limb strength, hand and upper limb function, visual processing skills, and occupational functional performance in children and adolescents with brain injury. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials on web-based telerehabilitation programs in children and adolescents with brain injury until December 2022, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Relevant data were extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. Overall, 17 studies involving 848 patients were included. Web-based telerehabilitation therapy improved the motor function (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.29, 95% CI 0.01-0.57; P=.04), physical activity level (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.11-0.73; P=.007), lower limb strength (SMD 0.52, 95% CI 0.13-0.90; P=.009), and visual processing skills (SMD 0.26, 95% CI 0.02-0.50; P=.04) of children and adolescents with brain injury. It also improved executive function in letter-number sequencing (SMD 1.26, 95% CI 0.26-2.26; P=.01), attention (SMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.09-0.66; P=.009), and symbol search (SMD 1.18, 95% CI 0.43-1.93, P=.002). Web-based telerehabilitation therapy improved motor function, physical activity level, lower limb strength, letter-number sequencing, attention, and symbol search, which improved the quality of life in children and adolescents with brain injury. Web-based telerehabilitation programs provide great convenience for children and adolescents with ABI who need long-term treatment and allow them to exercise at home for rehabilitation training. The widespread implementation of remote interventions also provides children and adolescents in remote areas with better access to rehabilitation services. This review provides evidence for the effectiveness of web-based telerehabilitation therapy, but there was heterogeneity in some of the results because of different disease types and intervention programs. Future studies can expand the sample size according to disease type and increase follow-up time according to different exercise prescriptions to further refine the long-term effects of this intervention on various functions of children and adolescents with ABI. PROSPERO CRD42023421917; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=421917.

Although the benefits of regular physical activity are clearly expressed, children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are less physically active than their typically developing peers. Recent empirical studies have revealed that the level of physical activity of children with ASD has further decreased during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which has adversely affected the whole world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of a Zoom-delivered physical activities for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Twenty-two families (parent and child dyads) participated in the study. Families were assigned randomly to an experimental group (n = 11) and a control group (n = 11). Families in the experimental group were engaged in 10 weeks of the Zoom-delivered physical activities. Data were collected using multiple data collection strategies (Personal Information Form- Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire–Semi-Structured Interview). After the Zoom-delivered physical activities, a significant increase was observed in the physical activity level of children with ASD in the experimental group ( F  = 95.396, p  = 0.000, Ƞ 2  = 0.834). Parents reported that Zoom-delivered physical activities are a viable and useful intervention to increase the level of physical activity of children with ASD. The findings suggest that Zoom-delivered physical activities merit further investigation as an intervention to increase physical activity in children with ASD.

Background: A popular outcome in rehabilitation studies is the activity intensity count, which is typically measured from commercially available accelerometers. However, the algorithms are not openly available, which impairs long-term follow-ups and restricts the potential to adapt the algorithms for pathological populations. The objectives of this research are to design and validate open-source algorithms for activity intensity quantification and classification. Methods: Two versions of a quantification algorithm are proposed (fixed [FB] and modifiable bandwidth [MB]) along with two versions of a classification algorithm (discrete [DM] vs. continuous methods [CM]). The results of these algorithms were compared to those of a commercial activity intensity count solution (ActiLife) with datasets from four activities (n = 24 participants). Results: The FB and MB algorithms gave similar results as ActiLife (r > 0.96). The DM algorithm is similar to a ActiLife (r ≥ 0.99). The CM algorithm differs (r ≥ 0.89) but is more precise. Conclusion: The combination of the FB algorithm with the DM results is a solution close to that of ActiLife. However, the MB version remains valid while being more adaptable, and the CM is more precise. This paper proposes an open-source alternative for rehabilitation that is compatible with several wearable devices and not dependent on manufacturer commercial decisions.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a radical lifestyle change, which may unintendedly change physical activity levels. We aimed to perform a systematic review to investigate the physical activity changes in people with neurological diseases, and to examine the relationship between physical activity and disease symptoms, and psychosocial factors. The review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A systematic search of the literature across five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) was carried out using the keywords relating to COVID-19, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, exercise, and the name of the neurological diseases. The systematic search was updated on 4 February 2021 with the same keywords. Fourteen studies (n = 7662 persons with neurological diseases, n = 1663 healthy controls) were eligible for this review. The study populations were Parkinson disease (n = 7), dementia (n = 1), multiple sclerosis (n = 1), spinal cord injury (n = 1), hereditary spastic paraplegia (n = 1), neuromuscular diseases (n = 1), Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (n = 1), and epilepsy (n = 1). Thirteen studies reported a decreased physical activity level, one study reported a high interruption rate of physiotherapy/rehabilitation. Furthermore, the physical activity reduction was associated with worse disease symptoms, depression, perceived health, and mental and physical components of quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the physical activity levels of people with neurological diseases, and this change was related to the worsening of disease symptoms and psychosocial factors. Registration number  A protocol of the review was registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42020207676).

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating neuromuscular disease of childhood which is characterized by progressive muscle weakness that limits the functional activities of daily life in course of time and result in decreased quality of life. The benefits of increasing the physical activity (PA) level and participation on general health status in children with DMD was previously mentioned in literature. Parents have been reported to have an important impact on their child’s beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors in many dimensions of development throughout their lives. Studies showed that there was a significant correlation between parental impact and child’s PA level and participation in healthy children. The aim of this study was to investigate the family impact on PA level, interest in PA, and participation level of their school-age children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). This cross-sectional, observational study included a total of 30 ambulatory children between 8 and 18 years of age (mean: 8.70 ± 0.84). Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and pedometer were used to assess PA level of children while International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to determine the PA level of parents. Children’s Attraction to Physical Activity (CAPA), Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI), and Children’s Physical Activity Correlates (CPAC) questionnaires were also used to evaluate interest in PA, participation level, and family impact on PA level of children, respectively. Low-to-moderate correlations were determined between family impact sub-score of CPAC and PAQ-C, CAPA and PODCI while moderate correlation was found between PAQ-C and parents’ IPAQ-SF score ( p  < 0.05). This study revealed the importance of parents’ support and encouragement as well as their own PA habit in shaping their child’s behaviors and attitudes towards PA in an early-stage, school-aged DMD population. In order to achieve the goal of increasing PA level and participation of children with DMD, a family-centered rehabilitation approach may be more effective. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT05209087; Date: 25.01.2022. Highlights School-age children with DMD had moderate PA and participation levels as well as moderate interest in PA. Parents, especially the primary caregiver, had a significant impact on PA level and participation of DMD children. The PA levels of the parents had an impact on the PA level of children with DMD.

This research aims to determine university students’ health literacy level and to investigate its relationship with physical activity level and sleep quality. Turkey Health Literacy Scale-32 questionnaire was used to examine health literacy levels, taking into account sociodemographic and academic variables physical activity levels were measured using the “International Physical Activity Survey Short Form,” and sleep quality was assessed using the “Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.” The study included 417 students with an average age of 24.9 years. Among them, 50.1% were enrolled in occupational therapy programs, 26.4% in physiotherapy programs, 11% in other health-related fields, and 12.5% in non-health-related fields. 19.7% of participants were classified as proficient in health literacy. It was found that physiotherapy students had significantly higher health literacy scores compared to students studying occupational therapy and those in non-health-related departments (p1:.026; p2:.021; p < .05). Physiotherapy students achieved the highest results, excelling in the healthcare subfield compared to their scores in disease prevention and health promotion. A statistically significant relationship was found between health literacy, physical activity level and sleep quality (p < .05). Including health literacy courses in the curriculums of university students, especially those studying in health departments, can be very beneficial both for their health and for setting an example as a role model for society.

Background and aims: The causes of relapses of ulcerative colitis (UC) are unknown. Dietary factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of UC. The aim of this study was to determine which dietary factors are associated with an increased risk of relapse of UC. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with UC patients in remission, recruited from two district general hospitals, who were followed for one year to determine the effect of habitual diet on relapse. Relapse was defined using a validated disease activity index. Nutrient intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and categorised into tertiles. Adjusted odds ratios for relapse were determined using multivariate logistic regression, controlling for non-dietary factors. Results: A total of 191 patients were recruited and 96% completed the study. Fifty two per cent of patients relapsed. Consumption of meat (odds ratio (OR) 3.2 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.3–7.8)), particularly red and processed meat (OR 5.19 (95% CI 2.1–12.9)), protein (OR 3.00 (95% CI 1.25–7.19)), and alcohol (OR 2.71 (95% CI 1.1–6.67)) in the top tertile of intake increased the likelihood of relapse compared with the bottom tertile of intake. High sulphur (OR 2.76 (95% CI 1.19–6.4)) or sulphate (OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.08–6.3)) intakes were also associated with relapse and may offer an explanation for the observed increased likelihood of relapse. Conclusions: Potentially modifiable dietary factors, such as a high meat or alcoholic beverage intake, have been identified that are associated with an increased likelihood of relapse for UC patients. Further studies are needed to determine if it is the sulphur compounds within these foods that mediates the likelihood of relapse and if reducing their intake would reduce relapse frequency.

Physical activity promotion is of need for youth with developmental disabilities. Parental perceptions of physical activity benefits may influence youth behaviors. This study investigated the relationship between parental beliefs on the importance of physical activity and physical activity levels among youth with disabilities. Parents and caregivers of 113 youth with disabilities reported on the perceived benefits of physical activity, the child's physical activity level, and demographic information. Linear regression analyses to examine the relative association between parental perceived benefits and child physical activity (R2 = 0.19) indicated that physical activity level was predicted by parental beliefs and child gender. Health promotion for youth with disabilities should consider educating parents and caregivers of physical activity benefits, in addition to creating more opportunities.