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Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Molecules in 2019
The editorial team greatly appreciates the reviewers who have dedicated their considerable time and expertise to the journal’s rigorous editorial process over the past 12 months, regardless of whether the papers are finally published or not [...]
Journal Article
Top-down inputs drive neuronal network rewiring and context-enhanced sensory processing in olfaction
Much of the computational power of the mammalian brain arises from its extensive top-down projections. To enable neuron-specific information processing these projections have to be precisely targeted. How such a specific connectivity emerges and what functions it supports is still poorly understood. We addressed these questions in silico in the context of the profound structural plasticity of the olfactory system. At the core of this plasticity are the granule cells of the olfactory bulb, which integrate bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down inputs delivered by vast top-down projections from cortical and other brain areas. We developed a biophysically supported computational model for the rewiring of the top-down projections and the intra-bulbar network via adult neurogenesis. The model captures various previous physiological and behavioral observations and makes specific predictions for the cortico-bulbar network connectivity that is learned by odor exposure and environmental contexts. Specifically, it predicts that-after learning-the granule-cell receptive fields with respect to sensory and with respect to cortical inputs are highly correlated. This enables cortical cells that respond to a learned odor to enact disynaptic inhibitory control specifically of bulbar principal cells that respond to that odor. For this the reciprocal nature of the granule cell synapses with the principal cells is essential. Functionally, the model predicts context-enhanced stimulus discrimination in cluttered environments ('olfactory cocktail parties') and the ability of the system to adapt to its tasks by rapidly switching between different odor-processing modes. These predictions are experimentally testable. At the same time they provide guidance for future experiments aimed at unraveling the cortico-bulbar connectivity.
Journal Article
Westfield's \Grande Dame\: Alice Burke, New England's First Female Mayor
Editor's Introduction: In 1939 Alice Driscoll Burke (1892-1974) became the first female mayor elected in all of New England. She served four mayoral terms between 1940 and 1963, but lost nine other elections. This article explores Burke's policies in office and analyzes the reasons for her checkered political career and frequent defeats. Although she is often honored as a \"female first,\" she was a dedicated yet decidedly flawed public servant who left a mixed legacy. Her pugnacious and confrontational style, along with her inability to change with the city over the many decades of her career, alienated her from voters and contributed to her many defeats. Over time, her mayoral campaigns came to be characterized by increasingly sharp attacks on her opponents. Voters may have found such stridency less than acceptable in a female candidate.
Journal Article
Synchrony 2022: Epilepsy and Seizures in Autism Spectrum Disorder Roundtable
The BRAIN Foundation (Pleasanton, CA, USA) hosted Synchrony 2022, a translational medicine conference focused on research into treatments for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), including those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) [...]
Journal Article
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Pharmaceuticals in 2017
Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Pharmaceuticals maintains high quality standards for its published papers[...]
Journal Article
The Shoemaker's Circus: Grizzly Adams and Nineteenth-Century Animal Entertainment
Grizzly Adams rose to fame in partnership with bears. A wilderness celebrity, he actually grew up in Massachusetts, where he trained as a shoemaker. Shoemaking taught him how to instruct others including wild animals. His management ethos emerged from a nineteenth-century household manufacturing system coming undone by industrial capitalism. This article delves into Adams's shoemaking background to recover the entwined histories of industrial discipline and wild animal training. Grizzly Adams trained bears like human apprentices and apprentices like bears. They all belonged to his working family. Adams manipulated the social behavior of grizzly bears to bring a dying patriarchal labor tradition back to life. Immature animals followed his commands, but he struggled to control full-grown bears, a failure that led to the demise of his family and the end of his act.
Journal Article
The Other Victorians at Fifty Introduction
The Other Victorians was published only nine years after the 1957 Supreme Court decision, in Roth v. United States, that allowed literary works containing sexual representations to be sold in the U. S. only if they were works of \"redeeming social importance.\" Koven's essay \"The Marriage of Social Science and Literary Criticism in The Other Victorians\" returns us to an emphasis on the more intellectually revolutionary aspects of Marcus's 1966 book. What Koven sees in The Other Victorians is a deliberate attempt, inspired at least partly by Marcus's collaboration with his wife, Gertrude Lenzer, to join the methods of literary criticism with those of classical German social science.
Journal Article
American Dreaming: Really Reading The Great Gatsby
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925) is one of the best known and most widely read and taught novels in American literature. It is so familiar that even those who have not read it believe that they have and take for granted that they know about its main character and theme of the American Dream. We need to approach The Great Gatsby as if it were new and really read it, paying close attention to Fitzgerald’s literary language. His novel gives us a vivid depiction of and insight into income inequality as it existed in the 1920s and, by extension, as it exists today, when the American Dream is even more limited to the fortunate few, not within reach of the many. When we really read The Great Gatsby, we perceive and understand the American dimension of the novel and appreciate, too, the global range and relevance that in it Fitzgerald has achieved. It is a great American book and a great book of world literature.
Journal Article