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"Adaptive management"
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Adaptive security and cyber assurance for risk-based decision making
\"This book explores adaptive security techniques through CyberAssurance for risk-based decision making in the context of software-based systems and discusses ways to achieve it. It identifies a discipline termed CyberAssurance, which considers the interactions of assurance-enhancing technology, system architecture, and the development life cycle. It looks at trust-enhancing technology in some detail, articulating a strategy based on three main prongs: building software that behaves securely (high-confidence design techniques), executing software in a protected environment (containment), and monitoring software execution for malicious behavior (detection). Applying these three prongs in combination in the proper architectural and life cycle contexts provides the best risk strategy methods for increasing our trust in software-based for Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud, and Edge systems\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Shaping and enhancing resilient forests for a resilient society
The world is currently facing uncertainty caused by environmental, social, and economic changes and by political shocks. Fostering social-ecological resilience by enhancing forests’ ability to provide a range of ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, habitat provision, and sustainable livelihoods, is key to addressing such uncertainty. However, policy makers and managers currently lack a clear understanding of how to operationalise the shaping of resilience through the combined challenges of climate change, the biodiversity crisis, and changes in societal demand. Based on a scientific literature review, we identified a set of actions related to ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, and disturbance and pressure impacts that forest managers and policy makers should attend to enhance the resilience of European forest systems. We conclude that the resilience shaping of forests should (1) adopt an operational approach, which is currently lacking, (2) identify and address existing and future trade-offs while reinforcing win–wins and (3) attend to local particularities through an adaptive management approach.
Journal Article
Resilience of aquatic systems: Review and management implications
Our understanding of how ecosystems function has changed from an equilibria-based view to one that recognizes the dynamic, fluctuating, nonlinear nature of aquatic systems. This current understanding requires that we manage systems for resilience. In this review, we examine how resilience has been defined, measured and applied in aquatic systems, and more broadly, in the socioecological systems in which they are embedded. Our review reveals the importance of managing stressors adversely impacting aquatic system resilience, as well as understanding the environmental and climatic cycles and changes impacting aquatic resources. Aquatic resilience may be enhanced by maintaining and enhancing habitat connectivity as well as functional redundancy and physical and biological diversity. Resilience in aquatic socioecological system may be enhanced by understanding and fostering linkages between the social and ecological subsystems, promoting equity among stakeholders, and understanding how the system is impacted by factors within and outside the area of immediate interest. Management for resilience requires implementation of adaptive and preferably collaborative management. Implementation of adaptive management for resilience will require an effective monitoring framework to detect key changes in the coupled socioecological system. Research is needed to (1) develop sensitive indicators and monitoring designs, (2) disentangle complex multi-scalar interactions and feedbacks, and (3) generalize lessons learned across aquatic ecosystems and apply them in new contexts.
Journal Article
Social-Environmental Analysis for the Management of Coastal Lagoons in North Africa
This study provides an overview of 11 lagoons in North Africa, from the Atlantic to the Eastern Mediterranean. Lagoons are complex, transitional, coastal zones providing valuable ecosystem services that contribute to the welfare of the human population. The main economic sectors in the lagoons included fishing, shellfish harvesting, and salt and sand extraction, as well as maritime transport. Economic sectors in the areas around the lagoons and in the watershed included agriculture, tourism, recreation, industrial, and urban development. Changes were also identified in land use from reclamation, changes in hydrology, changes in sedimentology from damming, inlet modifications, and coastal engineering. The human activities in and around the lagoons exert multiple pressures on these ecosystems and result in changes in the environment, affecting salinity, dissolved oxygen, and erosion; changes in the ecology, such as loss of biodiversity; and changes in the delivery of valuable ecosystem services. Loss of ecosystem services such as coastal protection and seafood affect human populations that live around the lagoons and depend on them for their livelihood. Adaptive management frameworks for social–ecological systems provide options that support decision makers with science-based knowledge to deliver sustainable development for ecosystems. The framework used to support the decision makers for environmental management of these 11 lagoons is Drivers–Activities–Pressures–State Change–Impact (on Welfare)–Responses (as Measures).
Journal Article
Collaborative Adaptive Management
Collaborative adaptive management merges three essential features of twenty-first century conservation and resource management—science, collaboration, and a focus on results. These features intersect in conservation and resource management contexts characterized by: (1) high degrees of uncertainty; (2) complexity resulting from multiple variables and non-linear interactions; (3) interconnectedness—among issues, across landscapes, and between people and place; and (4) persistent, possibly dramatic, change. In this context, many resource management decisions present communication challenges, information challenges, coordination challenges, and action challenges. Collaboration and adaptive management, in part, are responses to these challenges. Many resource management questions are technical and complex. But policies and project decisions have distributional effects and often involve trade-offs. These effects raise issues about the respective roles of scientists, technical experts, and the public; underscore the relevance of adaptive decision frameworks, and heighten the importance of collaborate decision making. This essay examines collaborative adaptive management in this context from the perspective of a decisionmaker.
Journal Article
A critical assessment of collaborative adaptive management in practice
1. Collaborative adaptive management (CAM) is regularly touted as the best way to handle natural resource management in the face of uncertainty, change and conflict. Successful applications of CAM have, however, been elusive in practice. 2. This article examines the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (AMP) in the United States, and other CAM efforts, to illustrate why and how procedural shortcomings may lead to natural resource management failures and reflect on how they may be overcome. 3. Synthesis and applications. To increase the chance of success, CAM efforts should set clear overarching goals and concrete and measurable objectives, employ tools and incentives to facilitate participation and foster collaboration, implement well-defined joint fact-finding protocols to promote shared learning and manage scientific uncertainty, and commit to monitoring and adapting their management regimes over time. Even in complex and contentious resource management contexts, future CAM efforts that integrate these design elements are likely to lead to more effective natural resource management.
Journal Article
Deconstructing adaptive management: criteria for applications to environmental management
The concept of adaptive management has, for many ecologists, become a foundation of effective environmental management for initiatives characterized by high levels of ecological uncertainty. Yet problems associated with its application are legendary, and many of the initiatives promoted as examples of adaptive management appear to lack essential characteristics of the approach. In this paper we propose explicit criteria for helping managers and decision makers to determine the appropriateness of either passive or active adaptive-management strategies as a response to ecological uncertainty in environmental management. Four categories of criteria--dealing with spatial and temporal scale, dimensions of uncertainty, the evaluation of costs and benefits, and institutional and stakeholder support--are defined and applied using hypothetical yet realistic case-study scenarios that illustrate a range of environmental management problems. We conclude that many of the issues facing adaptive management may have less to do with the approach itself than with the indiscriminate choice of contexts within which it is now applied.
Journal Article
Evaluate Sequential Interventions for Adaptive Water Management in Large River Basins
Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) and Adaptive Water Management (AWM) have been widely promoted as guiding principles, yet their practical realization at the basin scale remains difficult and underutilized. Sequential Interventions (SIs), stepwise actions applied in a predefined sequence at designated decision points, offer a practical and adaptive approach to implementing AWM. Such methods embody the iterative, learning‐by‐doing principles central to AWM, allowing strategies to evolve in response to monitoring results and changing conditions. This study develops a retrospective evaluation framework grounded in AWM, using an Integrated Hydrologic–Ecologic–Economic Model (IHEEM). The AWM‐grounded framework is employed to evaluate the effectiveness and relationships of SIs for the Yellow River Basin (YRB). The YRB is one of the world's most intensively managed basins, and SIs have been implemented in the basin since the 1980s, including major policies and infrastructure projects. The results show that SIs produce synergistic effects, progressively balancing upstream–downstream and human–nature water demands, enhancing environmental flows, and improving water‐use efficiency. In particular, the engineering intervention, that is, the Xiaolangdi Reservoir (XLD), plays a complementary role to policy interventions in maintaining downstream flows and sediment flushing. These findings illustrate how adaptive management, through iterative, evidence‐based interventions, can strengthen resilience in complex socio‐hydrological systems, and provide insights for advancing IRBM and AWM in large river basins globally with increasing hydrological and socio‐economic pressures.
Journal Article
Embedding ecosystem-based adaptive management in blue carbon markets: a conceptual framework and operational roadmap for China
Coastal “blue carbon” ecosystems are increasingly targeted for carbon finance, yet persistent gaps in market integrity, governance, and long-term stewardship limit their contribution to climate goals. This review examines how ecosystem-based adaptive management (EAM) can be used as an operational bridge between blue-carbon ecology and carbon trading mechanisms, with a particular focus on China’s emerging market. We synthesize international standards and methodologies, analyse governance archetypes from Kenya, Australia, the United States, and Japan, and review recent Chinese methodologies and pilot projects across mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass meadows. On this basis, we map core EAM functions—iterative planning, implementation, monitoring, and adjustment—onto key carbon-market integrity requirements (additionality, permanence, Monitoring–Reporting–Verification, and leakage control) and onto investor needs such as risk assessment, buffers, and co-benefit recognition. The analysis identifies common integrity challenges for blue-carbon crediting, ecosystem-specific financial and technical constraints, and a set of transferable remedies, including digital and stratified monitoring, dynamic buffers and insurance, and participatory safeguards and benefit-sharing. Building on these insights, we develop a finance-aware integration framework and an operational roadmap for China that links adaptive indicators and thresholds to methodology design, verification cadence, issuance logic, buffer management, registry transparency, and performance-linked financing. The framework clarifies how embedding EAM in blue-carbon standards and trading architecture can reduce uncertainty, raise credit quality, and support premium pricing while sustaining ecological performance and delivering coastal protection, biodiversity, and livelihood co-benefits under China’s “30·60” climate targets.
Journal Article
Adaptive management plans rooted in quantitative ecological predictions of ecosystem processes: putting monitoring data to practical use
The adoption of adaptive management plans has been advocated in order to ensure the most effective management of natural habitats. Here, it is demonstrated how a hierarchical structural equation model that is fitted to temporal ecological monitoring data from a number of sites may be used to generate quantitative local ecological predictions and how these predictions may form the basis of adaptive management plans. Local ecological predictions will be made for the cover of the dwarf shrub cross-leaved heath (Erica tetralix) on Danish wet heathlands, which is an indicator of the conservation status of wet heathlands under different management scenarios. Based on a realistic example, the model predictions conclude that grazing by livestock on wet heathlands with a relatively low cover of cross-leaved heath cannot be recommended as the only management practice. Generally, ecological monitoring data may be used to generate quantitative and credible local adaptive management plans where uncertainty is taken into account.
Journal Article