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result(s) for
"Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) History"
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Effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure control in type 2 diabetic patients in selected hospitals of Ethiopia
Dietary fiber contributes to cardio metabolic health, yet contextual evidence in Ethiopia is scarce. This study examined the effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure (BP) control among patients with type 2 diabetes. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2024 among 287 type 2 DM patients. Dietary intake was assessed using a repeated multiple-pass 24-hour recall, which involved collecting detailed recipes and estimating portion sizes in grams using dietary scales, proxy indicators, and standardized conversion and yield factors. Nutrient analysis, including dietary fiber (g/day), was performed using NutriSurvey 2007 based on the Ethiopian Food Composition Table and complementary regional and USDA sources. Blood pressure was measured using a calibrated digital sphygmomanometer, and HbA1c values were extracted from recent laboratory records. A significant proportion (79.4%) of respondents exhibited poor blood pressure control, while over half (56.7%) demonstrated poor glycemic control. Additionally, 10.3% of participants were classified as obese and 39% had stage 2 hypertension. The mean dietary fiber intake was 32.5 ± 20 g/day. Fiber intake showed significant inverse correlations with BP (
r
= -0.551), BMI (
r
= -0.605), and HbA1c (
r
= -0.341), all
p
< 0.001. In multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, diet, and physical exercise, showed that higher dietary fiber intake remained an independent predictor of good blood pressure control. Each 1 g/day increase in dietary fiber was associated with a 6% reduction in the odds of poor BP control (AOR = 0.936; 95% CI: 0.913–0.959;
p
< 0.001). Regular physical activity also significantly reduced the odds of poor BP control (AOR = 3.35 for non-exercisers). Higher dietary fiber intake and regular exercise were strongly associated with improved BP and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. These findings support not only public health initiatives to promote fiber-rich diets but also integration of dietary counseling and lifestyle modification into routine clinical diabetes and hypertension management.
Journal Article
Determinants of speech and language delay among children aged 12 months to 12 years at Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case–control study
Background
Speech and language delay among children can result in social interaction problems, attention difficulties, decreased writing and reading abilities, and poor cognitive and behavioral development. Despite the mounting prevalence of speech and language delays in Ethiopia, there is a lack of literature addressing the factors contributing to this delay. Consequently, this study aims to identify determinants of speech and language delay among children aged 12 months to 12 years at Yekatit 12 Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods
We conducted an institutional-based at Yekatit 12 Hospital, unmatched case–control study with 50 cases and 100 controls aged 12 months to 12 years. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the parents or caregivers of the participating children. Epi Info v7 was used for sample calculation, and SPSS v26 was used for analysis. The chi-square test was performed to determine the relationship between speech and language delay and determining factors, which was then followed by logistic regression. The significant determining factors were identified based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR), with a 95% CI and
p
-value (< 0.05).
Results
Case group constituted 23 males and 27 females, totaling 50 children. Upon completing the multivariate analysis, birth asphyxia [AOR = 4.58, 95CI (1.23–16.99)], bottle-feeding [AOR = 4.54, 95CI (1.29–16.04)], mother–child separation [AOR = 2.6, 95CI (1.05–6.43)], multilingual family [AOR = 2.31, 95CI (1.03–5.18)], and screen time greater than two hours [AOR = 3.06, 95CI (1.29–7.28)] were found to be statistically significant determinants of speech and language delay.
Conclusions
Our study found that birth asphyxia, bottle-feeding, mother–child separation, being from a multilingual family, and excessive screen time contribute significantly to speech and language delay. As a result, it is important to develop interventions that target these modifiable factors, while also ensuring that early diagnosis and treatment options are readily accessible.
Journal Article
Temporal Dynamics of the Driving Factors of Urban Landscape Change of Addis Ababa During the Past Three Decades
Mapping and quantifying urban landscape dynamics and the underlying driving factors are crucial for devising appropriate policies, especially in cities of developing countries where the change is rapid. This study analyzed three decades (1984–2014) of land use land cover change of Addis Ababa using Landsat imagery and examined the underlying factors and their temporal dynamics through expert interview using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Classification results revealed that urban area increased by 50%, while agricultural land and forest decreased by 34 and 16%, respectively. The driving factors operated differently during the pre and post-1991 period. The year 1991 was chosen because it marked government change in the country resulting in policy change. Policy had the highest influence during the pre-1991 period. Land use change in this period was associated with the housing sector as policies and institutional setups were permissive to this sector. Population growth and in-migration were also important factors. Economic factors played significant role in the post-1991 period. The fact that urban land has a market value, the growth of private investment, and the speculated property market were among the economic factors. Policy reforms since 2003 were also influential to the change. Others such as accessibility, demography, and neighborhood factors were a response to economic factors. All the above-mentioned factors had vital role in shaping the urban pattern of the city. These findings can help planners and policymakers to better understand the dynamic relationship of urban land use and the driving factors to better manage the city.
Journal Article
African flagship universities: their neglected contributions
This study documents and analyzes the contributions of flagship universities in Africa in teaching, learning, graduates, and research productivity since their inception. On the basis of empirical evidence (from an ongoing study) on eleven 'flagship' universities in Africa—Addis Ababa, Botswana, Cairo, Chiekh Anta Diop, Dar es Salaam, Ibadan, Ghana, Makerere, Mauritius, Nairobi, and Zambia—and other relevant data sources, the study examines the contribution of these institutions nationally and beyond. The study, for the first time, attempts to unveil comparative enrollment patterns as well as establish graduate numbers in the flagship universities since their founding. It further brings to light the extent of productivity of these institutions with an anticipated effect of moderating some of the critical views against such institutions regarding their contributions.
Journal Article
ALEM BEKAGN: THE AFRICAN UNION'S ACCIDENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS MEMORIAL
The African Union's new offices in Addis Ababa stand upon the site of the city's former central prison, known as Alem Bekagn, where thousands of people suffered and died. This article traces the history of the prison and examines efforts to create a memorial at the site. These initiatives illustrate the African Union (AU) in transition. They echo AU commitments to act against atrocities and in support of rights and justice and suggest a distinct vision of pan-African community and a corresponding institutional culture. But, much like the AU itself, the meaning of the planned memorial is ambivalent and contested. The fact that the AU bulldozed Ethiopia's most notorious prison in order to establish its new offices and a conference hall is richly symbolic of 'buried memory' - the tendency of post-colonial elites to suppress the memory of victims of state violence while celebrating chosen heroes. The AU still venerates leaders and is quiet about current violations, but the organization's promise and process to remember the ordinary victims of state violence indicate a political opening and may contribute a novel space for the recounting of human rights abuses.
Journal Article
Yemeni Families in the Early History of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ca.1900-1950
AbstractThis article aims to bring into attention the hitherto undocumented history of Yemeni migration to Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Taking in to account a period which amount to half a century the article describes how the status of the Yemeni migrants have changed within the Ethiopian state structure. More specifically, the article traces how the framework for migration and settlement of Yemenis in Addis Ababa has changed over a period of time. It also tries to show how the Yemenis have progressively integrated themselves within the economic and social life of the Ethiopian state. In its explication the study rely on family history as well as documents which are held by members of the Yemeni diaspora community. It also argues for the necessity of employing the methodological strategy the paper has followed in order to explain not only the history of Yemeni migrants but also other diasporic families.
Journal Article
African Diplomacy of Liberation. The Case of Eritrea's Search for an 'African India'
Conflicting views of the Eritrean independence war as a solitary, single-handed struggle against the Ethiopian Empire on the one hand and assertions about Eritrean diplomatic ineptitude on the other abound in the discourse on Northeast Africa. Both positions defy the age-old adage that war and diplomacy are enduring features of human interaction, and overlook African experiences with liberation diplomacy. This article revisits Eritrean nationalists' hydra-like diplomatic dealings with an array of forces in the region and beyond to show that their diplomacy of liberation was indispensable to the heated battles (1961-1991), and that, as a result, they received materiel, political and humanitarian assistance without which their movement would have been hard pressed to succeed. They particularly forged political-military alliances with Ethiopian insurgents to clinch the all-important but elusive international recognition after military victory in Asmara and parallel regime change in Addis Ababa. Adapted from the source document.
Journal Article
Heteronormativity and 'troubled' masculinities among men who have sex with men in Addis Ababa
In most societies, heterosexuality is the dominant way of expressing sexuality and masculinity and those men outside of it are stigmatised and discriminated against. This paper explores the sexual lives of men who have sex with men and the personal and social conflicts that arise as they attempt to both live up to societal expectations and manage their sexual desires. It critically explores how an overriding heteronormativity structures and influences men's perception and understanding of sexuality and masculinity/femininity. The paper draws on data from 24 in-depth/life history interviews, one focus group discussion and ethnographic observation conducted between July 2006 and June 2007. The study reveals that powerful and dominating beliefs about heteronormativity and masculinity result in men who have sex with men dealing with a number of issues of personal conflict and contradiction resulting in uncertainty, resentment, ambivalence, worry and discomfort. Heteronormativity or the expectations of parents, community and society at large is far more influential on the sexuality of men who have sex with men than their own individual desires and needs. The paper concludes that there is little room for individuality for Ethiopian men who have sex with men with their sexual bodies 'belonging' to parents, families and to society at large.
Journal Article