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A novel kind of solid amine-containing fibrous adsorbent (PP-GMA-TETA) was prepared through irradiation grafting copolymerization with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto polypropylene (PP) fiber, followed by reacting with triethylenetetramine (TETA) to introduce primary and secondary amine groups on its surface. The effects of the reaction conditions, such as the TETA concentration, temperature, and reaction time on amination degree of PP-GMA-TETA, were investigated. Adsorption capacity of PP-GMA-TETA with 77.7% amination degree could reach 4.72 mmol/g. After adsorption, the spent fiber could be completely regenerated at 100 °C by steam for 20 min and its adsorption behavior kept almost constant within six recycles. The comparison of adsorption capacities of amine fibers aminated with various aminating agents also demonstrated that fibers with higher content of primary amine would obtain faster adsorption rates and higher adsorption capacities.

The removal of contaminants from wastewaters is a major challenge in the field of water pollution. Among numerous techniques available for contaminant removal, adsorption using solid materials, named adsorbents, is a simple, useful and effective process. The adsorbent matter can be mineral, organic or biological. Activated carbon is the preferred, conventional material at the industrial scale. Activated carbon is extensively used not only for removing pollutants from wastewater streams, but also for adsorbing contaminants from drinking water sources, e.g., groundwater, rivers, lakes and reservoirs. However, the widespread use of activated carbon is restricted due to a high cost. In the last three decades, numerous approaches using non-conventional adsorbents have been studied for the development of cheaper and more effective adsorbents to eliminate pollutants at trace levels. This review gives an overview of liquid–solid adsorption processes using conventional and non-conventional adsorbents for pollutant removal. The manuscript outlines the principles of adsorption and proposes a classification for adsorbent materials. Finally, the various mechanisms involved in the adsorption phenomena are discussed.

SiO sub(2)iO core-shell nanoparticles with variable NiO shell thickness have been prepared via homogeneous precipitation. The as prepared and calcined core-shell nanoparticles have been characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and surface area measurements. The shell thickness and the particle size of NiO in the core-shell nanoparticles have been controlled using different concentrations of the nickel salt. The NiO shell thickness, as observed by the TEM, varies from about 46 to 144 nm. The SiO sub(2)iO core-shell nanoparticles show higher remanent magnetization, saturation magnetization, and lower coercivity compared to pure NiO nanoparticles. The SiO sub(2)iO core-shell nanoparticles have been tested as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue from an aqueous solution and the core-shell nanoparticles possess good adsorption efficiency for the cationic dye compared to pure NiO and SiO sub(2).

The increasing consumption of phenoxyacetic acid-derived herbicides is becoming a major public health and environmental concern, posing a serious challenge to existing conventional water treatment systems. Among the various physicochemical and biological purification processes, adsorption is considered one of the most efficient and popular techniques due to its high removal efficiency, ease of operation, and cost effectiveness. This review article provides extensive literature information on the adsorption of phenoxyacetic herbicides by various adsorbents. The purpose of this article is to organize the scattered information on the currently used adsorbents for herbicide removal from the water, such as activated carbons, carbon and silica adsorbents, metal oxides, and numerous natural and industrial waste materials known as low-cost adsorbents. The adsorption capacity of these adsorbents was compared for the two most popular phenoxyacetic herbicides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). The application of various kinetic models and adsorption isotherms in describing the removal of these herbicides by the adsorbents was also presented and discussed. At the beginning of this review paper, the most important information on phenoxyacetic herbicides has been collected, including their classification, physicochemical properties, and occurrence in the environment.

Pollution of industrial wastewaters containing dyes is a major concern for health in many countries, calling for advanced remediation techniques. Here, we review dye classification, toxicity, and removal with focus on adsorption using nanomaterials and magnetic nanoparticles. We present isotherm modeling and kinetic studies. We discuss factors controlling dye adsorption, such as pH, dye concentration, adsorbent amount, and temperature. Adsorption using magnetic nanoparticles appear as a simple and cost-effective technique. Removal efficiency increases with adsorbent concentration but declines sharply with increasing pH. Temperature is also highly influencing the removal.

The impact of water pollution has led to the search for cost-effective and environmentally friendly treatment processes to alleviate the associated environmental hazards. Adsorption is identified as an advanced treatment technology that offers simplicity and cheap alternatives to water treatment technologies when low-cost adsorbents such as industrial by-products, waste, and agricultural waste are utilized. The utilization of these materials as low-cost adsorbents for the treatment of drinking water will bring them some value. Several practices have been done to improve the removal efficiencies of the low-cost adsorbents in order to achieve WHO standards of drinking water quality. The paper highlights some of the synthesis routes employed for the modification of low-cost adsorbents. This updated review provides information on the different applications of low-cost adsorbents in removing pollutants and their adsorption capacities in an attempt to deploy the recent sustainable low-cost adsorbents with high removal efficiencies for water treatment. Future research should focus on the fabrication of hybrid low-cost adsorbents with multifunctional and antimicrobial properties. In addition, life cycle assessment (LCA) should be conducted to reveal the environmental burdens associated with the modification of the low-cost adsorbent to improve their removal efficiencies.

Over the last few years, various industries have released wastewater containing high concentrations of dyes straight into the ecological system, which has become a major environmental problem (i.e., soil, groundwater, surface water pollution, etc.). The rapid growth of textile industries has created an alarming situation in which further deterioration to the environment has been caused due to substances being left in treated wastewater, including dyes. The application of activated carbon has recently been demonstrated to be a highly efficient technology in terms of removing methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. Agricultural waste, as well as animal-based and wood products, are excellent sources of bio-waste for MB remediation since they are extremely efficient, have high sorption capacities, and are renewable sources. Despite the fact that commercial activated carbon is a favored adsorbent for dye elimination, its extensive application is restricted because of its comparatively high cost, which has prompted researchers to investigate alternative sources of adsorbents that are non-conventional and more economical. The goal of this review article was to critically evaluate the accessible information on the characteristics of bio-waste-derived adsorbents for MB’s removal, as well as related parameters influencing the performance of this process. The review also highlighted the processing methods developed in previous studies. Regeneration processes, economic challenges, and the valorization of post-sorption materials were also discussed. This review is beneficial in terms of understanding recent advances in the status of biowaste-derived adsorbents, highlighting the accelerating need for the development of low-cost adsorbents and functioning as a precursor for large-scale system optimization.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are pollutants with adverse effects even at very low concentrations; they remain a major concern for water quality. There is a strong link between environmental matrices such as water, soil, and human health. This implies that releasing these pollutants into the environment gets to the human system through contaminated air, water, and food. EDCs pose adverse effects on the endocrine systems of humans and wildlife and act as agents that interrupt metabolism, transport, synthesis, secretion, or elimination of natural blood-borne hormones present in the human body, which are responsible for the development, reproduction, and homeostasis process. The molecular group known as an endocrine disruptor is extremely heterogeneous, including the usage of synthetic chemicals in industrial solvents, lubricants and their by-products (such as 1,2-dichloroethane, 17α-ethinylestradiol, 17β-estradiol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, acetaminophen, amoxicillin, antiretroviral, benzotriazole, bisphenol A, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, paracetamol, phenol, tetracycline, metformin, etc. discussed in this work). Natural chemicals in food can also act as endocrine disruptors and some of these chemicals are toxic. Contaminants in water influence all living beings; therefore, to prevent health complications, improve water quality and make it safer in the ecosystem, water must be purified. The complex nature of EDCs has necessitated the development of suitable, robust, and more versatile removal techniques capable of producing the desired result in a very cost-effective manner. The first part of this review addresses source and occurrence of EDCs, available EDC treatment technologies and their drawbacks, and followed by the recent advances in sequestrating EDCs using natural, synthetic (metal–organic frameworks, nanoparticle/nanomaterials), and agricultural waste adsorbents. Influence of different operational parameters on the adsorptive removal of EDCs, mechanism of EDCs sequestration and thermodynamic studies were also discussed. We concluded by providing some useful insights, challenges, and future prospects to foster better efficiency of these adsorbents for EDCs removal to meet various industrial applications.