Explore the vast range of titles available.

Identification of anomalous geological structures is crucial for ensuring safe and high-efficiency mining and preventing geological disasters in iron mines. This study proposes a multi-geophysical prospecting approach that integrates the Transient Electromagnetic Method (TEM) and True Reflection Tomography (TRT) technologies for advanced exploration of anomalous geological structures, taking the Songhu Iron Mine project as an example. Initially, four typical spatial combination patterns of anomalous geological structures were proposed at the Songhu Iron Mine. Then, the interpretation characteristics of TEM for faults and karst caves were summarized from seven underground engineering projects. The interpretation characteristics of TRT for the water-rich zone, water-bearing fractured zone, fault fracture zone, and iron ore vein boundary were summarized by four underground engineering projects. Moreover, a multi-geophysical prospecting workflow utilizing TEM and TRT was developed for advanced geological forecasting in transportation and cross–ore vein tunnels. Further, the interpretation characteristics of TEM and TRT for the above four typical anomalous geological structures were summarized. Finally, a case application of advanced geological forecasting in the Songhu Iron Mine demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed geological forecasting method. This study provides a practical and effective framework for identifying anomalous geological structures in iron mines and similar mining projects.

Traditional seismic wave-based tunnel advanced geological forecasting techniques are primarily designed for drill and blast method construction tunnels. However, given the fast excavation speed and limited prediction space in tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction tunnels, traditional methods have significant technical limitations. This study analyzes the characteristics of different types of TBM construction tunnels and, considering the practical construction conditions, identifies an effective observation system and data acquisition method. To address the challenges in advanced forecasting for TBM construction tunnels, a method of ellipsoid positioning velocity analysis, which takes into account the constraints of three-component data directions, is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the advanced forecasting observation system, this method compares the maximum values on the spatial isochronous ellipsoidal surface to determine the average velocity of the geological layer rays, thereby enabling accurate inversion of the spatial distribution ahead. Utilizing numerical simulation, a model for the advanced detection of typical unfavorable geological formations is established by obtaining the wave field response characteristics of seismic waves in three-dimensional space, and the velocity structure of the model is retrieved through this velocity analysis method. In the engineering example, the fracture property, water content, and weathering degree of the surrounding rock are predicted accurately.

NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Space Weather Prediction Center used to rely mostly on a single satellite for solar storm warnings: the Advanced Composition Explorer, or ACE. A group called the Frontier Development Lab, which is a public-private partnership that includes NASA, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Department of Energy, have been tasking AI with trying to predict pending solar storms before they happen. According to the team working on the project, the AI was fed data from four previous solar exploration missions — ACE, Wind, IMP-8 and Geotail — as well as information from ground stations around the world that recorded solar storms and events.