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Community Rights, Conservation and Contested Land
Natural resource governance is central to the outcomes of biodiversity conservation efforts and to patterns of economic development, particularly in resource-dependent rural communities. The institutional arrangements that define natural resource governance are outcomes of political processes, whereby numerous groups with often-divergent interests negotiate for access to and control over resources. These political processes determine the outcomes of resource governance reform efforts, such as widespread attempts to decentralize or devolve greater tenure over land and resources to local communities.
This volume examines the political dynamics of natural resource governance processes through a range of comparative case studies across east and southern Africa. These cases include both local and national settings, and examine issues such as land rights, tourism development, wildlife conservation, participatory forest management, and the impacts of climate change, and are drawn from both academics and field practitioners working across the region.
Published with IUCN, The Bradley Fund for the Environment, SASUSG and Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
eBook
The Economics of Water Scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is the most water scarce region in the world.This report uses an economics lens to understand the institutions through which scarce resources are allocated and managed across competing needs.
eBook
Securing Africa’s land for shared prosperity
This book covers land administration and reform in Sub-Saharan Africa, and is highly relevant to all developing countries around the world. It provides simple, practical steps to turn the hugely controversial subject of \"land grabs\" into a development opportunity by improving land governance to reduce the risks of dispossessing poor landholders while ensuring mutually beneficial investors' deals. This book shows how Sub-Saharan Africa can leverage its abundant and highly valuable natural resources to eradicate poverty by improving land governance through a ten point program to scale up policy reforms and investments at a cost of USD 4.5 billion. Formidable challenges to implementation are discussed. These include high vulnerability to land grabbing and expropriation with poor compensation, as about 90 percent of rural lands in Sub-Saharan Africa are undocumented, as well as timely opportunities since high commodity prices and investor interest in large scale agriculture have increased land values and returns to investing in land administration. The book argues that success in implementation will require participation of many players including Pan-African organizations, Sub-Saharan Africa governments, the private sector, civil society and development partners. Ultimate success will depend on the political will of Sub-Saharan Africa governments to move forward with comprehensive policy reforms and on concerted support by the international development community.
eBook
Characterizing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa : time for strategic action
Despite a fair amount of progress on understanding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemiology globally, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is the only region where knowledge of the epidemic continues to be very limited, and subject to much controversy. It has been more than 25 years since the discovery of HIV, but no scientific study has provided a comprehensive data-driven synthesis of HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) infectious spread in this region. The current report provides the first comprehensive scientific assessment and data-driven epidemiological synthesis of HIV spread in MENA since the beginning of the epidemic. It is based on a literature review and analysis of thousands of widely unrecognized publications, reports, and data sources extracted from scientific literature or collected from sources at the local, national, and regional levels. The recommendations provided here focus on key strategies related to the scope of this report and its emphasis on understanding HIV epidemiology in MENA as a whole. The recommendations are based on identifying the status of the HIV epidemic in MENA, through this synthesis, as a low HIV prevalence setting with rising concentrated epidemics among priority populations. General directions for prevention interventions as warranted by the outcome of this synthesis are also discussed briefly, but are not delineated because they are beyond the scope of this report. This report was not intended to provide intervention recommendations for each MENA country.
eBook
Business, politics, and the state in Africa
Africa's economies appear to have turned a corner. Commentators are beginning to ask whether a new generation of 'lions' is emerging to challenge the East Asian 'tigers'. This book examines the conditions necessary not just for growth in Africa but for a wider business and economic transformation. Drawing on studies of Rwanda, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Ghana, it argues, controversially, that neo-patrimonial governance need not be an obstacle to improved economic conditions
eBook