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01 02 Between 1965 and 1972, African American students at upwards of a thousand historically black and white American colleges and universities organized, demanded, and protested for Black Studies, Black universities, new faces, new ideas—a relevant, diverse higher education. Black power inspired these black students, who were supported by white, Latino, Chicana, Asian American, and Native American students. The Black Campus Movement provides the first national study of this intense and challenging struggle which disrupted and refashioned institutions in almost every state. This book also illuminates the complex context for one of the most transformative educational movements in American history through a history of black higher education and black student activism before 1965. 04 02 An \"Island Within\": Black Students and Black Higher Education Prior to the Black Campus Movement * \"God Speed the Breed\": New Negro in the Long Black Student Movement * \"Strike while the Iron is Hot\": Civil Rights in the Long Black Student Movement * \"March that Won't Turn Around\": Formation and Development of the Black Campus Movement * \"Shuddering in a Paroxysm of Black Power\": A Narrative Overview of the Black Campus Movement * \"A Fly in Buttermilk\": BCM Organizations, Demands, Protests, and Support * \"Black Jim Crow Studies\": Opposition and Repression * \"Black Students Refuse to Pass the Buck\": Racial Reconstitution of Higher Education 19 02 1) HOT TOPIC: The Black Campus movement was a key aspect of the Civil Rights Movement, and has recently benefited from a groundswell of new research. This project will capitalize on the new enthusiasm for the topic and move study of the subject forward. 2) AUTHOR PLATFORM: Rogers has an excellent cross-market platform, with connections and publication credentials in the academic realm, African American publications, and major media. 3) NEW RESEARCH: Rogers will be interviewing countless participants in the movement and drawing on new archival research. 02 02 This book provides the first national study of this intense and challenging struggle which disrupted and refashioned institutions in almost every state. It also illuminates the context for one of the most transformative educational movements in American history through a history of black higher education and black student activism before 1965. 13 02 Ibram H. Rogers is an assistant professor of History at SUNY College at Oneonta in upstate New York. He has published essays on the Black Campus Movement, black power, and Africana Studies in several journals, including the Journal of Black Studies , Journal of Social History , Journal of African American Studies , Journal of African American History , and The Sixties: A Journal of History, Politics and Culture . He has earned research fellowships from the American Historical Association, Chicago's Black Metropolis Research Consortium, Rutgers Center for Historical Analysis, and the Lyndon B. Johnson Library & Museum.

Historical studies of black youth activism have until now focused almost exclusively on the activities of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). However, the NAACP youth councils and college chapters predate both of those organizations. They initiated grassroots organizing efforts and nonviolent direct-action tactics as early as the 1930s and, in doing so, made significant contributions to the struggle for racial equality in the United States. This deeply researched book breaks new ground in an important and compelling area of study. Thomas Bynum carefully examines the activism of the NAACP youth and effectively refutes the perception of the NAACP as working strictly through the courts. His research illuminates the many direct-action activities undertaken by the young people of the NAACP — activities that helped precipitate the breakdown of racial discrimination and segregation in America. Beginning with the formal organization of the NAACP youth movement under Juanita Jackson, the author traces the group’s activities from their early anti-lynching demonstrations through their post–World War II “withholding patronage” campaigns to their participation in the sit-in protests of the 1960s. He also explores the evolution of the youth councils and college chapters, including their sometime rocky relationship with the national office, and shows how these groups actually provided a framework for the emergence of youth activism within CORE and SNCC. The author provides a comprehensive account of the generational struggle for racial equality, capturing the successes, failures, and challenges the NAACP youth groups experienced at the national, state, and local levels. He firmly establishes the vital role they played in the history of the civil rights movement in the United States and in the burgeoning tradition of youth activism in the postwar decades.

The Black Revolution on Campus is the definitive account of an extraordinary but forgotten chapter of the black freedom struggle. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Black students organized hundreds of protests that sparked a period of crackdown, negotiation, and reform that profoundly transformed college life. At stake was the very mission of higher education. Black students demanded that public universities serve their communities; that private universities rethink the mission of elite education; and that black colleges embrace self-determination and resist the threat of integration. Most crucially, black students demanded a role in the definition of scholarly knowledge. Martha Biondi masterfully combines impressive research with a wealth of interviews from participants to tell the story of how students turned the slogan \"black power\" into a social movement. Vividly demonstrating the critical linkage between the student movement and changes in university culture, Biondi illustrates how victories in establishing Black Studies ultimately produced important intellectual innovations that have had a lasting impact on academic research and university curricula over the past 40 years. This book makes a major contribution to the current debate on Ethnic Studies, access to higher education, and opportunity for all.

In this nuanced and groundbreaking history, Donna Murch argues that the Black Panther Party (BPP) started with a study group. Drawing on oral history and untapped archival sources, she explains how a relatively small city with a recent history of African American settlement produced such compelling and influential forms of Black Power politics.During an era of expansion and political struggle in California's system of public higher education, black southern migrants formed the BPP. In the early 1960s, attending Merritt College and other public universities radicalized Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, and many of the young people who joined the Panthers' rank and file. In the face of social crisis and police violence, the most disfranchised sectors of the East Bay's African American community--young, poor, and migrant--challenged the legitimacy of state authorities and of an older generation of black leadership. By excavating this hidden history,Living for the Citybroadens the scholarship of the Black Power movement by documenting the contributions of black students and youth who created new forms of organization, grassroots mobilization, and political literacy.

InSitting In and Speaking Out, Jeffrey A. Turner examines student movements in the South to grasp the nature of activism in the region during the turbulent 1960s. Turner argues that the story of student activism is too often focused on national groups like Students for a Democratic Society and events at schools like Columbia University and the University of California at Berkeley. Examining the activism of black and white students, he shows that the South responded to national developments but that the response had its own trajectory-one that was rooted in race. Turner looks at such events as the initial desegregation of campuses; integration's long aftermath, as students learned to share institutions; the Black Power movement; and the antiwar movement. Escalating protest against the Vietnam War tested southern distinctiveness, says Turner. The South's tendency toward hawkishness impeded antiwar activism, but once that activism arrived, it was-as in other parts of the country-oriented toward events at national and global scales. Nevertheless, southern student activism retained some of its core characteristics. Even in the late 1960s, southern protesters' demands tended toward reform, often eschewing calls to revolution increasingly heard elsewhere. Based on primary research at more than twenty public and private institutions in the deep and upper South, including historically black schools,Sitting In and Speaking Outis a wide-ranging and sensitive portrait of southern students navigating a remarkably dynamic era.

\"Joy Williamson charts the evolution of Black consciousness on predominately white American campuses during the critical period between the mid-sixties and mid-seventies, with the Black student movement at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) serving as an illuminating microcosm of similar movements across the country.\" \"As Williamson shows, increased university admission rates in the late 1960s did not lead to increased acceptance for Black students. In response to institutional apathy, or even hostility, Black students advocated Black unity, celebrated Black culture, and employed aggressive tactics to initiate a period of institutional reform during one of American higher education's most tempestuous eras. Williamson examines the creation of such groups as the Black Students Association at UIUC and looks at the effect the activities of such groups had on the wider student body, on academic administrators, and on university policies. Drawing on student publications of the late 1960s and early 1970s, as well as interviews with former administrators, faculty, and student activists, Williamson discusses the emergence of Black Power ideology, what constitutes \"Blackness,\" and notions of self-advancement versus racial solidarity. Promoting an organic understanding of social protest and assessing the impact of Black student activism on an American campus, Black Power on Campus is an important contribution to the broader literature on African American liberation movements, the role of Black youth in protest movements, and the reform of American higher education.\"--BOOK JACKET.

Joy Ann Williamson charts the evolution of black consciousness on predominately white American campuses during the critical period between the mid-1960s and mid-1970s, with the Black student movement at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign serving as an illuminating microcosm of similar movements across the country. Nationwide black student college enrollment doubled from 1964 to 1970, with the greatest increase occurring at mostly white universities. As Williamson shows, however, increased admission did not bring with it increased acceptance. Confronted with institutional apathy or even hostility, African Americans began organizing. Drawing on student publications of the late 1960s and early 1970s, as well as interviews with former administrators, faculty, and student activists, Williamson discusses the emergence of Black Power ideology, what constitutes “blackness,� and notions of self-advancement versus racial solidarity. Promoting an understanding of social protest and measuring the impact of black student activism on an American university, Black Power on Campus is an important contribution to the broader literature on African American liberation movements, the role of black youth in protest movements, and the reform of American higher education.

Black college students take a leadership role in the civil rights movement as lunch counter sit-ins spread across the South. \"Freedom Riders\" also try to desegregate interstate buses, but they are brutally attacked as they travel.