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Jezebel's sexual lasciviousness, Mammy's devotion, and Sapphire's outspoken anger -- these are among the most persistent stereotypes that black women encounter in contemporary American life. Hurtful and dishonest, such representations force African American women to navigate a virtual crooked room that shames them and shapes their experiences as citizens. Many respond by assuming a mantle of strength that may convince others, and even themselves, that they do not need help. But as a result, the unique political issues of black women are often ignored and marginalized. The author uses multiple methods of inquiry, including literary analysis, political theory, focus groups, surveys, and experimental research, to understand more deeply black women's political and emotional responses to pervasive negative race and gender images. Not a traditional political science work concerned with office-seeking, voting, or ideology, Sister Citizen instead explores how African American women understand themselves as citizens and what they expect from political organizing. Harris-Perry shows that the shared struggle to preserve an authentic self and secure recognition as a citizen links together black women in America, from the anonymous survivors of Hurricane Katrina to the current First Lady of the United States.

Jezebel's sexual lasciviousness, Mammy's devotion, and Sapphire's outspoken anger-these are among the most persistent stereotypes that black women encounter in contemporary American life. Hurtful and dishonest, such representations force African American women to navigate a virtual crooked room that shames them and shapes their experiences as citizens. Many respond by assuming a mantle of strength that may convince others, and even themselves, that they do not need help. But as a result, the unique political issues of black women are often ignored and marginalized.In this groundbreaking book, Melissa V. Harris-Perry uses multiple methods of inquiry, including literary analysis, political theory, focus groups, surveys, and experimental research, to understand more deeply black women's political and emotional responses to pervasive negative race and gender images. Not a traditional political science work concerned with office-seeking, voting, or ideology, Sister Citizen instead explores how African American women understand themselves as citizens and what they expect from political organizing. Harris-Perry shows that the shared struggle to preserve an authentic self and secure recognition as a citizen links together black women in America, from the anonymous survivors of Hurricane Katrina to the current First Lady of the United States.

No detailed description available for \"Pimps Up, Ho's Down\".

The meaning of race in the antebellum southern United States was anchored in the racial exclusivity of slavery (coded as black) and full citizenship (coded as white as well as male). These traditional definitions of race were radically disrupted after emancipation, when citizenship was granted to all persons born in the United States and suffrage was extended to all men. Hannah Rosen persuasively argues that in this critical moment of Reconstruction, contests over the future meaning of race were often fought on the terrain of gender.Sexual violence--specifically, white-on-black rape--emerged as a critical arena in postemancipation struggles over African American citizenship. Analyzing the testimony of rape survivors, Rosen finds that white men often staged elaborate attacks meant to enact prior racial hierarchy. Through their testimony, black women defiantly rejected such hierarchy and claimed their new and equal rights. Rosen explains how heated debates over interracial marriage were also attempts by whites to undermine African American men's demands for suffrage and a voice in public affairs. By connecting histories of rape and discourses of \"social equality\" with struggles over citizenship, Rosen shows how gendered violence and gendered rhetorics of race together produced a climate of terror for black men and women seeking to exercise their new rights as citizens. Linking political events at the city, state, and regional levels, Rosen places gender and sexual violence at the heart of understanding the reconsolidation of race and racism in the postemancipation United States.

Focusing on Chicago and downstate Illinois politics during the incredibly oppressive decades between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1932--a period that is often described as the nadir of black life in America--Lisa Materson demonstrates the impact that migrating southern black women had on midwestern and national politics, first in the Republican Party and later in the Democratic Party.Materson shows that as African American women migrated beyond the reach of southern white supremacists, they became active voters, canvassers, suffragists, campaigners, and lobbyists, mobilizing to elect representatives who would push for the enforcement of the Reconstruction Amendments in the South. In so doing, black women kept alive a very distinct strain of Republican Party ideology that favored using federal power to protect black citizenship rights. Materson also examines the Republican failure to enact antilynching legislation, which began the move of black women toward the Democrats, and she discusses women's embrace of the Democratic Party with the election of FDR in 1932.For the Freedom of Her Raceis an important contribution to the story of African American women's role in electoral politics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, illuminating questions about voting rights, electoral organization, and the struggles for racial and gender equality in the United States.

In the last few decades, the al contours of American social inequality have been transformed by the rapid growth in the prison and jail America's prisons and jails have produced a new social group, a group of social outcasts who are joined by the shared experience of incarceration, crime, poverty, racial minority, and low education. [...] carcerai inequalities are intergenerational, affecting not just those who go to prison and jail but their families and children, too.

At the end of Liberia's thirteen-year civil war, the devastated population struggled to rebuild their country and come to terms with their experiences of violence. During the first decade of postwar reconstruction, hundreds of humanitarian organizations created programs that were intended to heal trauma, prevent gendered violence, rehabilitate former soldiers, and provide psychosocial care to the transitioning populace. But the implementation of these programs was not always suited to the specific mental health needs of the population or easily reconciled with the broader aims of reconstruction and humanitarian peacekeeping, and psychiatric treatment was sometimes ignored or unevenly integrated into postconflict humanitarian health care delivery. Searching for Normal in the Wake of the Liberian Warexplores the human experience of the massive apparatus of trauma-healing and psychosocial interventions during the first five years of postwar reconstruction. Sharon Alane Abramowitz draws on extensive fieldwork among the government officials, humanitarian leaders, and an often-overlooked population of Liberian NGO employees to examine the structure and impact of the mental health care interventions, in particular the ways they were promised to work with peacekeeping and reconstruction, and how the reach and effectiveness of these promises can be measured. From this courageous ethnography emerges a geography of trauma and the ways it shapes the lives of those who give and receive care in postwar Liberia.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the crucial role of vaccines in controlling the virus. Despite their effectiveness, however, vaccine hesitancy remained a challenge, particularly within certain population groups. This multi-disciplinary study investigates the diverse socio-demographic factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination decisions in the United States. Through a nationally representative survey of 5,240 people, the research explores the interplay of information sources, religious beliefs, political party, and demographic characteristics of the respondents. Our findings reveal associations of main sources of information with vaccination likelihood, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demonstrating the highest association with full vaccination. Religious beliefs are significant determinants, with Evangelical Protestants exhibiting the lowest vaccination rates. We also highlight the intricate relationship between political leanings and vaccination behavior, emphasizing higher levels of vaccination among Democrats. Demographic variables, including age, education, gender, and race/ethnicity, also play pivotal roles, exposing disparities in vaccination access and decisions. In particular, older individuals and those with higher levels of education show a greater inclination to achieve full vaccination, while women and African Americans are less likely to attain complete vaccination. Lastly, while major ethnoracial groups seem to respond to different sources of information similarly, there are also nuanced differences, such as Asians being especially likely to be fully vaccinated if they depend on the CDC or other health sources while more disadvantaged groups seem less responsive to these sources. Overall, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of the nuanced factors shaping vaccination behavior. It contributes valuable knowledge to public health strategies, emphasizing the need for targeted communication campaigns tailored to diverse communities.

Background The underrepresentation of women in positions of leadership, policy, and decision-making is a persistent issue within the healthcare workforce. Disparities in representation are particularly pronounced for women with minoritised racial and ethnic identities. Ensuring the equitable advancement of women into health leadership requires moving beyond approaches that homogenise the experiences of women to addressing the distinct needs of women with intersecting identities. This scoping review sought to summarise the existing evidence on the impact of the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity on the workplace experiences, career journeys, and leadership attainment of women health professionals with minoritised racial and ethnic identities. Methods This scoping review was completed using Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage methodological framework. A comprehensive search identified peer-reviewed papers and grey literature. Inclusion criteria followed an a priori protocol, with no restrictions on publication date, geographic location, or healthcare setting. The search was limited to the English language. A deductive content analysis approach was used to categorise data according to the three forms of intersectionality: structural, political, and representational. Additional categories focused on the psycho-emotional impacts of experiences and women’s agentic responses. Results Of the 4043 sources identified, 57 were included in the review. Findings show that racially and ethnically minoritised women in healthcare more frequently described experiences of race-based inequities. This underscores the salience of racialisation in their experiences of marginalisation, an aspect often obscured by gender-only analyses. Current Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives were reported to have limited effectiveness in addressing the challenges faced by REM women in their careers. These initiatives often lack targeted and impactful strategies to counteract racial and/or gender-based discrimination, provide meaningful support, and promote equitable access to advancement and leadership opportunities. Findings highlighted the prioritisation of Eurocentric/Western knowledge, the prevalence of institutional Whiteness, and practices of tokenistic inclusion. Disproportionate workload allocations, and the burden to consistently outperform White women counterparts, were reported. Persistent exposure to microaggressions, racialised stereotypes, and organisational reluctance to confront racism were also noted. Psychological and emotional challenges, including burnout and internalised oppression, were highlighted. Agency, resilience and resistance were demonstrated through strategic disengagement, professional development, reframing challenges as growth opportunities, forming diversity networks, and advocating for minoritised colleagues. Conclusion Advancing gender equity in health leadership requires targeted efforts to address and dismantle racism. Key solutions include integrating antiracism education, recognising non-Western leadership styles, and establishing safe and robust accountability mechanisms. Most evidence in this review reflects the experiences of African American women, underscoring the prevalence of US-centric research. Future studies should investigate other geopolitical contexts.

Religious coping is fundamental among African Americans, and it can influence psychiatric symptoms. This study examines if positive and negative religious coping mediate the relation between cumulative stress and recent life stressors and depressive symptoms among African American women with past histories of intimate partner violence and suicidality. Mediation analysis that employed bootstrapping was performed in a sample of 68 low-income African American women. Findings revealed that negative but not positive religious coping mediated the links between cumulative stress and recent life stressors and depressive symptoms, suggesting that women exposed to stressors struggle more with their religious faith, which related to increased depressive symptoms. Conclusions pertaining to the benefits of culturally-responsive interventions that address negative religious coping are discussed.