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In 1995, a South African journalist informed Frank Wilderson, one of only two American members of the African National Congress (ANC), that President Nelson Mandela considered him a threat to national security. Wilderson was asked to comment. Incognegro is that comment. It is also his response to a question posed five years later in a California university classroom: How come you came back? Although Wilderson recollects his turbulent life as an expatriate during the furious last gasps of apartheid, Incognegro is at heart a quintessentially American story. During South Africa's transition, Wilderson taught at universities in Johannesburg and Soweto by day. By night, he helped the ANC coordinate clandestine propaganda, launch psychological warfare, and more. In this mesmerizing political memoir, Wilderson's lyrical prose flows from unspeakable dilemmas in the red dust and ruin of South Africa to his return to political battles raging quietly on US campuses and in his intimate life. Readers will find themselves suddenly overtaken by the subtle but resolute force of Wilderson's biting wit, rare vulnerability, and insistence on bearing witness to history no matter the cost.

When Amin Cajee left South Africa to join the liberation struggle he believed he had volunteered to serve ,a democratic movement dedicated to bringing down an oppressive and racist regime,. Instead, he writes, in this powerful and courageous memoir, ,I found myself serving a movement that was relentless in exercising power and riddled with corruption,. Fordsburg Fighter traces an extraordinary physical journey , from home in South Africa, to training in Czechoslovakia and the ANC,s Kongwa camp in Tanzania to England. The book makes a significant contribution to the hidden history of exile, and documents Cajee,s emotional odyssey from idealism to disillusionment.

01 02 The Congress of African People (CAP) was an important Black Power organization formed in 1970 and led by the activist poet Amiri Baraka. It made significant contributions to the Black Liberation Movement throughout the 70s as a leading organization in the National Black Political Convention, the National Black Assembly, African Liberation Day, the African Liberation Support Committee and the Black Women's United Front. CAP also became active in the new communist movement as the Revolutionary Communist League (MLM). This first-hand narrative of CAP is a part of a movement to document and analyze Black Power in the African American Freedom Movement from the 1950s through the 1970s. 02 02 This important look at CAP combines historical research and analysis with the author's first-hand experience with the organization, providing the first historical narrative of a consequential player in the Black Power Movement. 13 02 Michael Simanga holds a doctorate in African American Studies from the Union Institute and University, USA and teaches in the Department of African American Studies at Georgia State University. He is the author of the novel In the Shadow of the Son (1998) and co-editor of 44 on 44 (2011). 04 02 Introduction 1. Born Into The Storm 2. Black Power 3. Founding Of The Congress Of African People. Emergence Of Amiri Baraka As Political Leader 4. The Black Arts Movement And And The Congress Of African People 5. Ideology And Ideological Development 6. Maulana Karenga – Imamu Baraka And Kawaida 7. Amina Baraka And The Women Of The Congress Of African People 8. Revolutionary Kawaida 9. The Congress Of African People And The United Front 10. Transition To Marxism 11. Black Marxist-Leninists-New Communist Movement 12. Transformed 13. Lessons References 31 02 The first look at the formation of the Congress of African people, the first consequential plated in the Black Power Movement, in 1970s Atlanta 08 02 ' Amiri Baraka and the Congress of African People accomplishes two very important tasks. It provides us with intimate details about CAP, a group that has been underappreciated in histories of Black radical organizations. The second, and equally significant, task Simanga addresses is the proper placement of Amiri Baraka into the historical record. He skillfully contextualizes Baraka's importance to the Black freedom movement and demonstrates why he was one of its most creative and politically committed thinkers.' - Joseph Jordan, Director, Sonja Haynes Stone Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA 19 02 The Congress of African People was a significant player in the post-'60s Black Power movement, but until now it has not been given its proper due Simanga approaches the subject not just as a historian but also based on his direct experiences with the CAP The book offers a valuable look at the connections between the Black Arts and Black Power movements, which is a current topic of significant interest in the field

The paper historically analyses the African National Congress (ANC), its struggle against colonialism and apartheid, and the negotiations that led to the democratic breakthrough in South Africa. This is done to understand post-apartheid South Africa. The transition from apartheid to democracy was filled with promises and expectations of equality and a better life for the victims of colonialism and Apartheid. However, since coming to power in 1994 the ANC government has governed over a society divided along racial lines. Unemployment and poverty are more prevalent in African- and African-female-headed households. Despite attaining freedom in 1994 and supposedly equal right for all racial groups, race remains a key driver of high inequality because of income disparities and unequal education. To understand this phenomenon and the status quo, the qualitative research method and an explanatory-analytical approach were adopted, which entailed studying secondary sources such as research reports, academic literature, biographies, legislations, and audio-visual material for data collection. The article uses the Fanonian lens to illustrate that the ANC leadership wanted to be part of the system from inception, hence its collaborative politics during the struggle and the compromise at the negotiations that perpetuated neoliberalism in the post-apartheid epoch. This explains its failure to transform the economy and address the land question since coming to power.

In 1995, a South African journalist informed Frank Wilderson, one of only two American members of the African National Congress (ANC), that President Nelson Mandela considered him \"a threat to national security.\" Wilderson was asked to comment. Incognegro is that \"comment.\" It is also his response to a question posed five years later in a California university classroom: \"How come you came back?\" Although Wilderson recollects his turbulent life as an expatriate during the furious last gasps of apartheid, Incognegro is at heart a quintessentially American story. During South Africa's transition, Wilderson taught at universities in Johannesburg and Soweto by day. By night, he helped the ANC coordinate clandestine propaganda, launch psychological warfare, and more. In this mesmerizing political memoir, Wilderson's lyrical prose flows from unspeakable dilemmas in the red dust and ruin of South Africa to his return to political battles raging quietly on US campuses and in his intimate life. Readers will find themselves suddenly overtaken by the subtle but resolute force of Wilderson's biting wit, rare vulnerability, and insistence on bearing witness to history no matter the cost.