Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
56,439
result(s) for
"Aggression."
Sort by:
The anatomy of violence : the biological roots of crime
\"Why do some kids from good environments become mass murderers? Is there actually such a thing as a natural-born killer? And, if so, what can we do to identify and treat those born with a predisposition to criminal behavior? For more than three decades Adrian Raine has sought answers to these questions through his pioneering research on the biological basis for violence. In this book, he presents the growing body of evidence that shows how genetics and environmental influences can conspire to create a criminal brain, and how something as seemingly innocent as a low resting heart rate can give rise to a violent personality. Bristling with ingenious experiments, surprising data, and shocking case studies, this is also a clear-eyed inquiry into the thorny ethical issues this science raises about prevention and punishment. Passionate, courageous, and at times controversial, The Anatomy of Violence is a groundbreaking work that will challenge your core human values and perspectives on violence.\" -- Back cover.
Book
Prejudice and truth about the effect of testosterone on human bargaining behaviour
Perception-fuelled behaviour
Hormones are known to modulate social interactions between animals, with testosterone classically thought to induce aggressive behaviour. Although this categorization has been extrapolated to humans — hence the familiar concept of 'testosterone-fuelled' behaviour — it is unclear whether testosterone does in fact promote antisocial actions. In a bargaining game, a single dose of testosterone was found to increase fair behaviour, reduce conflict and enhance social interactions. But those subjects who were led to believe that they had received testosterone, whether or not they actually had, behaved more unfairly than those who thought they had received placebo, again whether or not they actually did. Thus the negative, antisocial connotation of increasing testosterone seems strong enough to induce negative social behaviour even when the biological result is actually the opposite.
Evidence from animal studies shows that testosterone can induce aggressive behaviour, but whether this extrapolates to humans is an area of debate. The sublingual administration of a single dose of testosterone in women is now shown to cause a substantial increase in fair bargaining behaviour, although subjects who believed they received testosterone behaved much more unfairly than those who thought they received a placebo.
Both biosociological and psychological models, as well as animal research, suggest that testosterone has a key role in social interactions
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
. Evidence from animal studies in rodents shows that testosterone causes aggressive behaviour towards conspecifics
7
. Folk wisdom generalizes and adapts these findings to humans, suggesting that testosterone induces antisocial, egoistic, or even aggressive human behaviours. However, many researchers have questioned this folk hypothesis
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
, arguing that testosterone is primarily involved in status-related behaviours in challenging social interactions, but causal evidence that discriminates between these views is sparse. Here we show that the sublingual administration of a single dose of testosterone in women causes a substantial increase in fair bargaining behaviour, thereby reducing bargaining conflicts and increasing the efficiency of social interactions. However, subjects who believed that they received testosterone—regardless of whether they actually received it or not—behaved much more unfairly than those who believed that they were treated with placebo. Thus, the folk hypothesis seems to generate a strong negative association between subjects’ beliefs and the fairness of their offers, even though testosterone administration actually causes a substantial increase in the frequency of fair bargaining offers in our experiment.
Journal Article
Aggression-reducing effects of F15599, a novel selective 5-HT sub(1A) receptor agonist, after microinjection into the ventral orbital prefrontal cortex, but not in infralimbic cortex in male mice
Background: The 5-HT sub(1A) receptor subtype has been postulated to modulate aggressive behavior particularly when it is excessive. F15599 is a high affinity and selective 5-HT sub(1A) receptor agonist that exhibits biased agonism for postsynaptic receptors that are preferentially coupled to G alpha i3 protein subunits, with more potent action in the cortex, and with potential for selectively reducing aggression. Objectives and methods: The aims of the current study were to investigate the anti-aggressive effects of the novel 5-HT sub(1A) receptor agonist, F15599, microinjected into the ventral orbital prefrontal cortex (VO PFC) and into the infralimbic cortex (ILC) of CF-1 male mice that had been previously socially provoked and to confirm the specific action at this receptor by blocking its effects using the 5-HT sub(1A) receptor antagonist, WAY100,635. Results: Microinjection of the lower doses of F15599 (0.03 and 0.1 mu g) into the VO PFC, but not into the ILC, significantly reduced the frequency of attack bites and sideways threats, without affecting other elements of the behavioral repertoire related to aggression such as pursuing and sniffing the intruder and tail rattle. There were also no changes observed in the duration of walking and rearing. Pretreatment with WAY100,635 prevented the anti-aggressive effects of F15599 when microinjected into VO PFC. Conclusions: The present results demonstrated that F15599 is effective in reducing the most intense behavioral elements of aggressive behavior in male mice, when microinjected into the VO PFC, but not into the ILC, without affecting nonaggressive behavior, and confirmed the critical role of this cortical region and specifically the 5-HT sub(1A) heteroreceptors in the modulation of escalated aggressive behavior.
Journal Article
Self-defense in international relations
\"This is an interdisciplinary study of how power, security, polarity and the primacy of sovereign states play out in an international context that has witnessed the rise of non-state actors. It provides an updated analysis of the complex relationship of anarchy, power and politics by addressing issues of self-defense in a unipolar order\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Melatonin increases reactive aggression in humans
Objective
Melatonin, a hormone released preferentially by the pineal gland during the night, affects circadian rhythms and aging processes. As animal studies have shown that melatonin increases resident-intruder aggression, this study aimed to investigate the impact of melatonin treatment on human aggression.
Methods
In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled between-participant design, 63 healthy male volunteers completed the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP) after oral administration of melatonin or placebo.
Results
We found that when given the opportunity to administer high or low punishments to an opponent, participants who ingested melatonin selected the high punishment more often than those who ingested placebo. The increased reactive aggression under melatonin administration remained after controlling for inhibitory ability, trait aggression, trait impulsiveness, circadian preference, perceptual sensibility to noise, and changes in subjective sleepiness and emotional states.
Conclusion
This study provides novel and direct evidence for the involvement of melatonin in human social processes.
Journal Article