Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
923
result(s) for
"Aging East Asia."
Sort by:
Live long and prosper
This book discusses the societal and public policy challenges and reform options for the East Asia and Pacific countries as they address aging. The book aims to strike a balance between optimism and pessimism over aging. On the one hand, the impacts of aging on growth, labor markets, and public spending need not represent the unavoidable catastrophe sometimes feared. On the other hand, minimizing the downside risks of aging and ensuring healthy and productive aging will require proactive public policy, political leadership, and new mindsets across society.
eBook
Housing abandonment in shrinking cities of East Asia
Despite growing signs of urban shrinkage in countries such as Korea, Japan and China, few studies have examined the generalisable pattern of urban shrinkage and its relationship to the characteristics of housing abandonment in the East Asian context. This study explores five major paths that may explain the emergence of vacant houses in declining inner-city areas, based on empirical observations in the city of Incheon, South Korea. The paths are: (1) strong government-led new built-up area development plans (pull factor for population movement); (2) delay and cancellation of indiscriminate redevelopment projects (push factor for population movement); (3) initial poor development and concentration of substandard houses; (4) aging of the elderly population; and (5) the outflow of infrastructure and services. These paths, also found in Japan or China, are expected to be combined in a local context, leading to more serious housing abandonment. This study suggests that it is important to take appropriate countermeasures based on the identification of the paths causing vacant houses.
尽管在韩国、日本和中国等国家，城市收缩的迹象越来越明显，但很少有研宄考察城市收 缩的普遍模式及其与东亚地区弃房特征的关系。本研宄基于在韩国仁川市的经验观察，探 索了五条主要路径，这五条路径可以解释衰退的市中心地区空置房屋的出现。这五条途径 是：（I)强有力的政府主导的新建成区发展计划（人口流动的拉动因素）；（2)拖延和取消 无差别再开发项目（人口流动的推动因素）；（3)初始开发不良，不合格房屋集中；（4)老 年人口老龄化；（5)基础设施和服务外流。这些途径在日本或中国也可以找到，预计将与 当地情况结合导致更严重的房屋遗弃。本研宄表明，在确定空置房屋产生路径的基础上采 取适当的对策十分重要。
Journal Article
Global and cross-country analysis of exposure of vulnerable populations to heatwaves from 1980 to 2018
Heatwaves have become more frequent and intense due to anthropogenic global warming and have serious and potentially life-threatening impacts on human health, particularly for people over 65 years old. While a range of studies examine heatwave exposures, few cover the whole globe and very few cover key areas in Africa, South America, and East Asia. By using global gridded climate reanalysis, population, and demographic data, this work analyses trends in change in exposure of vulnerable populations to heatwaves, providing global and per-country aggregate statistics. The difference between the global mean of heatwave indexes and the mean weighted by vulnerable population found that these populations are experiencing up to five times the number of heatwave days relative to the global average. The total exposures, measured in person-days of heatwave, highlight the combined effect of increased heatwaves and aging populations. In China and India, heatwave exposure increased by an average of 508 million person-days per year in the last decade. Mapping of changes per country highlighted significant exposure increases, particularly in the Middle East and in South East Asia. Major disparities were found between the heatwave exposures, country income group, and country health system capacity, thus highlighting the significant inequalities in global warming impacts and response capacities with respect to health across countries. It is therefore of prime importance that health development and response are coordinated with climate change mitigation and adaptation work.
Journal Article
Burden of neurological diseases in Asia, from 1990 to 2021 and its predicted level to 2045: a Global Burden of Disease study
Introduction
Neurological diseases are a significant contributor to premature mortality and temporary or long-term disability among survivors. Asia serves as an essential region for assessing the shifting burden of these disorders. This study aims to calculate and evaluate the changes in burden of neurological diseases across Asia.
Methods
The Global Burden of Disease database provided data on deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), incidence, and prevalence from 1990 to 2021 across Asian subregions and countries. Twelve common neurological diseases were analyzed. Estimated Annual Percent Change were calculated to reveal trends in all the metrics. The Nordpred age-period-cohort model was employed to project the neurological disease burden.
Results
In 2021, the leading neurological disorders in DALYs were stroke (109,144.87, 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) 95,992.89–123,089.90), headache disorders (25,713.91, 95%UI 4,693.65–54,853.47), and Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (19,156.46, 95% UI 9,137.72–41,421.18). Stroke and degenerative neurological disorder presented the most severe burden in East Asia, while headache disorders were prominent in South Asia. Between 1990 and 2021, Asia’s regions showed varying reductions in age-standardized DALYs and age-standardized death rates for neurological diseases, with the steepest decline observed in high-income Asia Pacific (DALYs -2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.4 to -2.13; ASDR -3.85, 95% CI -4.02 to -3.69). Neurological disease burden was higher in males, peaking at ages 65–74. Projections to 2045 indicate a decline in DALYs for stroke, infectious neurological diseases, Parkinson’s disease, and idiopathic epilepsy across most regions of Asia. In contrast, trends for other neurological diseases will vary regionally.
Conclusion
Neurological diseases were the primary cause of DALYs in 2021, ranking second only to cardiovascular diseases as a leading cause of death. As the aging trend in Asia’s population continues to intensify, it is crucial to focus more on the prevention and management of neurological disorders.
Journal Article
The Sharing Economy in China’s Aging Industry: Applications, Challenges, and Recommendations
Background: All aging societies face the challenge of allocating limited resources for the highest value of use. The sharing economy provides one method to address the imbalance between the demand and supply of health services to the older adult population. With a substantial aging population, China’s practices in the sharing aging industry may set examples for other “getting old before getting rich” countries. Objective: There is a gap in both the data and research on China’s aging industry sharing economy. This paper addresses these data and research lacunae by constructing a framework for the application of a sharing model in China’s aging industry, by assessing the current state of the aging industry sharing economy, by setting out the challenges to the sharing aging health care and service economy, and by making recommendations for the development of the aging industry sharing economy. Methods: This paper constructs a sharing economy framework in the aging industry covering four aspects (people, facilities, capital, and information) to test the current state and future prospects of China’s aging industry sharing economy. Results: In people sharing, we analyzed the sharing of emotional companionship, doctors, nurses, nursing attendants, and domestic helpers. We discussed facility sharing models from the point of land and housing, medical devices, and other items such as pensioner meals and shared medicine bins. We acknowledge that crowdfunding platforms have developed fast in China, but many older adult users faced problems in their operation. Information sharing is a developing field, which can optimize users’ experiences and should help older adults filter out misinformation, but China currently does not have adequate sharing information platforms for older adults. Conclusions: We identified four major challenges in China’s aging industry sharing economy: poor adaptability to technology for older adults, mediocre quality of shared services, one-size-fits-all and the concept of the useless elderly, and shortage of qualified practitioners. We make recommendations for specific measures by governments, communities, and enterprises to improve the sharing economy in the aging industry.
Journal Article
Causal relationship between dyslipidemia and risk of facial aging: Insights from Mendelian randomization in East Asian populations
Background Emerging observational studies showed an association between dyslipidemia and aging. However, it remains unclear whether this association is causal, particularly in the case of Asians, which are aging more rapidly than other continents. Given the visible manifestations of aging often include changes in facial appearance, the objective of this study is to assess the causal relationship between dyslipidemia and facial aging in East Asian populations. Methods SNPs related to dyslipidemia in East Asian people such as Total cholesterol (TC), High‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), Low‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and Triglyceride (TG) along with outcomes data on facial aging, were extracted from public genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). A two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was then performed using publicly available GWAS data to investigate the potential causal relationship. The effect estimates were primarily calculated using the fixed‐effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Results Totally, 88 SNPs related to HDL among 70657 East Asian participants in GWAS. Based on the primary causal effects model using MR analyses with the IVW method, high HDL level was demonstrated as significantly related to the risk of facial aging (OR, 1.060; 95% CI, 1.005–1.119, p = 0.034), while high TC level (OR, 0.995; 95% CI, 0.920–1.076, p = 0.903), high LDL level (OR, 0.980, 95% CI, 0.924–1.041, p = 0.515), as well as high TG level (OR, 0.999, 95% CI, 0.932–1.071, p = 0.974), showed no significant correlation with facial aging. Conclusions The two‐sample MR analysis conducted in this study revealed a positive causal relationship between high HDL levels and facial aging. In contrast, facial aging demonstrated no significant correlation with high levels of TC, LDL, or TG. Further large‐sample prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and to provide appropriate recommendations regarding nutrition management to delay the aging process among old patients in East Asia.
Journal Article
Old-age income support in the 21st century : an international perspective on pension systems and reform
The past decade has brought an increasing recognition to the importance of pension systems to the economic stability of nations and the security of their aging populations. During this time, the World Bank has taken a leading role in addressing this challenge through its support for pension reforms around the world. Old-Age Income Support in the 21st Century attempts to explain current policy thinking and update the World Bank’s perspective on pension reform. The Bank has been involved in pension reforms in nearly 60 countries, and the demand for its support continues to grow. This book incorporates lessons learned from recent Bank experiences and research that have significantly increased knowledge and insight regarding how best to proceed in the future. The book has a comprehensive introduction and two main parts. Part I presents the conceptual underpinnings for the Bank’s thinking on pension systems and reforms, including structure of Bank lending in this area. Part II highlights key design and implementation issues where it signals areas of confidence and areas for further research and experience, and includes a section on regional reform experiences, including Latin American and Europe and Central Asia. This book will be of interest to Bank clients, the international community, and anyone interested in pension systems and reform.
eBook
Financing health care in East Asia and the Pacific : best practices and remaining challenges
This is an exciting time in East Asia and the Pacific region. No region will appear to be moving so rapidly. In this dynamic environment, many countries in the region have been approaching the World Bank requesting technical assistance and knowledge about health financing best practices and options. There is great interest in expanding knowledge sharing and learning from other East Asian and Pacific countries about their experiences in health financing. Moreover, some common issues appear to be emerging: universal insurance, options for financing health insurance, institutional setups of health financing options, provider payment mechanisms, equity considerations, ways to reach the poor and impoverished, and ways to meet the challenges of a changing demographics and epidemiologic profile. Under a generous grant from the Health, Nutrition, and population hub in the World Bank in fiscal year 2008, the region was requested to provide an overview of health financing systems in the region. This overview examined the different health financing mechanisms in terms of performance on dimensions of efficiency and equity and in terms of relative roles of government. In addition, the analysis was to identify, gaps in knowledge needing to be addressed strengthen and reform existing health financing mechanisms and thereby expand health coverage and benefits.
eBook
Enablers and Barriers of Accessing Health Care Services among Older Adults in South-East Asia: A Scoping Review
South-East Asia (SEA) is the home of the largest number of the world’s older population. In this scoping review, we aimed to map the existing enablers and barriers of accessing healthcare services among older adults in SEA countries. Articles that were published from January 2001 until November 2021 were searched in four data sources (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO Host and The Cochrane Library). Studies pertaining to the factors which assist or obstruct older Southeast Asian adults from assessing healthcare services were chosen for this scoping review. First, two reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of articles in the data sources. After identifying appropriate articles, the reviewers read them. Data extracted by one reviewer were verified by the other reviewer. The findings were then classified according to Penchansky and Thomas’s five domains of access. A total of 19 studies were included in the final scoping review. Accessibility and acceptability were the two factors most often identified as enablers or barriers to older adults from accessing healthcare. Other often mentioned factors were finances, transportation and social/family support. Older adults living in rural areas were especially impacted by these factors. To promote healthy ageing, optimum healthcare and wellbeing among older adults in Southeast Asia, it is extremely important to consider accessibility and acceptability when planning healthcare services.
Journal Article