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This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the legal questions that arise for the legislative branch when implementing the crime of aggression into domestic law. Despite being the supreme international crime that gave birth to international criminal law in Nuremberg, its ICC Statute definition has been incorporated into domestic law by fewer than 20 States. The crime of aggression was also omitted in the rich debate held among German scholars in the early 2000s regarding the legislative implementation of other ICC Statute crimes. The current inability of the International Criminal Court to respond to the Russian aggression towards Ukraine invites the continuation of these academic debates without neglecting the particularities of the crime of aggression. The fundamental issues discussed in this volume include the obligation to criminalize aggression, the core wrong of the crime, the normative gaps under domestic law and the jurisdictional gaps under the ICC Statute. To facilitate the operationalization of domestic implementation, the book explores the technical options for incorporating the definition into domestic law, the geographical ambit of domestic jurisdictionmost notably universal jurisdictionas well as legal challenges such as immunities. The book is aimed primarily at researchers and States with an interest in the domestic implementation of international criminal law but those already working in the field should also find much of interest contained within it. Dr. Annegret Hartig is Program Director of the Global Institute for the Prevention of Aggression and worked as a researcher at the University of Hamburg where she obtained her doctoral degree in international criminal law.

IntroductionSexual assault is a major problem in Tunisian society. There is no definitive typology of the characteristics of those who sexually assault. A great diversity of sexual aggression behaviors and different motivations can be described.ObjectivesIt is about a retrospective survey, achieved from data of Medical Expertise of the sexual offenders achieved in psychiatric departement of hospital of mahdia. This study revealed 18 cases during the period from January 2010 to December 2020.MethodsThe objective of the work was to describe the epidemiological and criminological profile of the sexual assaults.ResultsMean age of the sample was 40 years [30-61]. Aggressors were almost exclusively males, have medium socioeconomic status and without a regular job. Fifty percent of the perpetrators had a psychiatric diagnosis: bipolar disorder (27.7%), schizophrenia (11.1%), antisocial personality disorder (5.5%) and intellectual disability (5.5%). Indecent assault (27.7%) was the most frequent aggression then the rape (22,2%). Thirty three per cent of the victims were minor.Among these expertised patients, 72% were considered responsible for their actions and only one was considered irresponsible.ConclusionsStudies on the characteristics of sexual offenders have concluded to the profile of the young, single and unemployed male, but it can’t be a commun profile.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

\"Looks at how assigning labels like 'bully' and 'victim' inhibits childhood development in the name of keeping kids safe. The book reviews normal child development, the role of aggression in a healthy childhood, how children develop resilience, and provides strategies for social policy related to bullying\"--Provided by publisher.

A companion volume to the author's seminal textbook War, Aggression and Self-Defence, Third Edition, Cambridge (2001), this book focuses on issues arising in the course of hostilities between States, with an emphasis on the most recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The main themes considered by Yoram Dinstein are lawful and unlawful combatants, war crimes, including command responsibility and defences, prohibited weapons, the distinction between combatants and civilians, legitimate military objectives, and the protection of the environment and cultural property. Numerous specific topics that have attracted much interest in recent hostilities are addressed, such as human shields, feigned surrenders, collateral damage and proportionality, belligerent reprisals and weapons of mass destruction.

This book examines to what extent the right of self-defence, as laid down in Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, permits States to launch military operations against other States. In particular, it focuses on the occurrence of an 'armed attack' - the crucial trigger for the activation of this right. In light of the developments since 9/11, the author analyses relevant physical and verbal customary practice, ranging from the 1974 Definition of Aggression to recent incidents such as the 2001 US intervention in Afghanistan and the 2006 Israeli intervention in Lebanon. The notion of 'armed attack' is examined from a threefold perspective. What acts can be regarded as an 'armed attack'? When can an 'armed attack' be considered to take place? And from whom must an 'armed attack' emanate? By way of conclusion, the different findings are brought together in a draft 'Definition of Armed Attack'.

Systematic, in-depth exploration of news media coverage of aggression and older adults remains sparse, with little attention to how and why particular frames manifest in coverage across differing settings and relationships. Frame analysis was used to analyze 141 English-language Canadian news media articles published between 2008 and 2019. Existing coverage tended towards stigmatizing, fear-inducing, and biomedical framings of aggression, yet also reflected and reinforced ambiguity, most notably around key differences between settings and relations of care. Mainstream news coverage reflects tensions in public understandings of aggression and older adults (e.g., as a medical or criminal issue), reinforced in particular ways because of the nature of news reporting. More nuanced coverage would advance understanding of differences among settings, relationships, and types of actions, and of the need for multifaceted prevention and policy responses based on these differences.

The customary law of belligerent occupation goes back to the Hague and Geneva Conventions. Recent instances of such occupation include Iraq, the former Yugoslavia, the Congo and Eritrea. But the paradigmatic illustration is the Israeli occupation, lasting for over 40 years. There is now case law of the International Court of Justice and other judicial bodies, both international and domestic. There are Security Council resolutions and a vast literature. Still, numerous controversial points remain. How is belligerent occupation defined? How is it started and when is it terminated? What is the interaction with human rights law? Who is protected under belligerent occupation, and what is the scope of the protection? Conversely, what measures can an occupying power lawfully resort to when encountering forcible resistance from inhabitants of the occupied territory? This book examines the legislative, judicial and executive rights of the occupying power and its obligations to the civilian population.

This guide to the crime of aggression provisions under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) offers an exhaustive and sophisticated legal analysis of the crime's definition, as well as the jurisdictional provisions governing the ICC's exercise of jurisdiction over the crime. A range of practical issues likely to arise in prosecutions of the crime of aggression before the ICC are canvassed, as is the issue of the domestic prosecution of the crime. It also offers an insight into the geopolitical significance of the crime of aggression and the activation of the ICC's ability to exercise its jurisdiction over the crime. The author's intimate involvement in the crime's negotiations, combined with extensive scholarly reflection on the criminalisation of inter-State uses of armed force, makes this highly relevant to all academics and practitioners interested in the crime of aggression.

ObjectivesThe aim of this Belgian research study was to describe the characteristics of physicians who are at increased risk for patient-physician aggression. Second, aggression subtypes were described and data were provided on the prevalence of patient-physician aggression in Belgium.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingPrimary and secondary care inside and outside hospitals.ParticipantsAny physician who had worked in Belgium for the preceding 12 months was eligible to participate (n=34 648).Main outcome measuresAn online, original questionnaire was used to obtain physician characteristics (eg, age, sex, native language), department, working conditions and contact with aggressive patients during their career and during the preceding 12 months.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 4930 participants and 3726 (76%) were valid to take into account for statistics. During the preceding 12 months, 37% had been victims of aggression: 33% experienced verbal aggression, 30% psychological, 14% physical and 10% sexual. Multiple answers were allowed. Women and younger physicians were more likely to experience aggression. Psychiatric departments and emergency departments were the settings most commonly associated with aggression. Physicians who provided primarily outpatient care were more subject to aggression.ConclusionBelgian physicians experience several forms of aggression. Those most at-risk of aggression are young and female physicians who work in outpatient, emergency or psychiatric settings.

Abstract Objective: to compare hospitalization and discharge indicators, medication costs and patient behavior before and after the implementation of the smoking ban in a psychiatric hospital. Method: ecological, longitudinal and retrospective study carried out in a psychiatric hospital. Secondary data referring to 2142 hospitalizations were collected from medical records. The median test was used to compare the variables before and after the ban. Results: after the implementation of the ban, there was a reduction in bed occupancy rate in male units for mental disorders (from 88.8% to 48.4%) and substance dependence (from 94.4% to 42.8%). There was a reduction in the mean length of hospital stay in the male chemical dependency unit (from 13.5 to 12.6) compared to the female unit (from 14.7 to 19.5). There was a reduction in costs of psychotropic drugs and expectorants, episodes of verbal/physical aggressions and physical/chemical restraints. Conclusion: the smoking ban changed hospital indicators, reduced costs and improved patient behavior, contradicting the myth that it results in hostility. It is hoped that this study will help nurses to review their beliefs related to smoking cessation, as there were positive results for interpersonal relationships and for the management of mental health services. Resumo Objetivo: comparar indicadores de internação e de alta, custo com medicamentos e comportamentos dos pacientes antes e após a proibição do tabagismo em um hospital psiquiátrico. Método: estudo ecológico, longitudinal e retrospectivo realizado em um hospital psiquiátrico. Foram obtidos dados secundários por meio de consulta aos prontuários, referentes a 2142 internações. Aplicado teste de medianas para comparação das variáveis antes e após a proibição. Resultados: com a implementação da proibição, o percentual de ocupação dos leitos foi reduzido nas unidades masculinas de transtornos mentais (de 88,8% para 48,4%) e de dependência química (94,4% para 42,8%). A média de dias de internação foi reduzida na unidade masculina de dependência química (13,5 para 12,6) em comparação à unidade feminina (14,7 para 19,5). Os custos com psicofármacos e expectorantes, as agressões verbais/físicas e as contenções físicas/químicas foram reduzidos. Conclusão: a proibição do fumo alterou indicadores hospitalares, reduziu custos e melhorou o comportamento dos pacientes, contrariando o mito de que ela resulta em hostilidade. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para que os enfermeiros revejam suas crenças relacionadas à proibição do tabagismo com resultados positivos para as relações interpessoais e para a gestão dos serviços de saúde mental. Resumen Objetivo: comparar indicadores de internación, alta, costo con medicamentos y comportamientos de los pacientes antes y después de la prohibición del tabaquismo en un hospital psiquiátrico. Método: estudio ecológico, longitudinal y retrospectivo realizado en un hospital psiquiátrico. Fueron obtenidos datos secundarios, a partir de consulta a las fichas médicas, referentes a 2.142 internaciones. Fue aplicado el test de medianas para comparación de las variables antes y después de la prohibición. Resultados: con la implementación de la prohibición el porcentaje de ocupación de las camas fue reducido en las unidades masculinas de trastornos mentales (88,8% para 48,4%) y de dependencia química (94,4% para 42,8%). La media de días de internación fue reducida en la unidad masculina de dependencia química (13,5 para 12,6) en comparación con la unidad femenina (14,7 para 19,5). Los costos con psicofármacos y expectorantes, las agresiones verbales/físicas y las contenciones físicas/químicas fueron reducidas. Conclusión: la prohibición de fumar alteró los indicadores hospitalarios, redujo costos y mejoró el comportamiento de los pacientes, contrariando el mito de que esta resulta en hostilidad. Se espera que este estudio contribuya para que los enfermeros revisen sus creencias relacionadas con la prohibición del tabaquismo, considerando los resultados positivos para las relaciones interpersonales y para la administración de los servicios de salud mental, que fueron obtenidos.