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The objectives of this title are to review assessments made on the environmental effects of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and to judge the contribution of agricultural policy to environmental quality in the European Union.

This book reviews assessments on the environmental effects of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), and assesses the contribution of agricultural policy to environmental quality in the EU. It focuses on the role of agricultural policy in reducing harmful effects and/or creating benefits to the physical environment, landscape and nature. Emphasis is given to comparative studies, rather than any limited to one country. The commodity regimes of the CAP – e.g. the beef, wine and olive oil regimes – are considered in detail.

This book describes the environmental problems associated with agriculture, particularly the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers and the disposal of animal waste. These have become major policy issues in many countries, with the main polluting effect being on water quality. As with other types of pollution, significant reductions in agriculture's contribution to water pollution requires the application of either enforceable regulatory approaches or changes in the economic environment, so that farmers adopt environmentally-friendly production practices. Providing a review and guide to the policy options and their economic administrative and political merits, the reader can develop an understanding of these options and their merits in the emerging policy context. The principal focus is on the developed world, particularly North America and Europe. The book is aimed at advanced students, researchers and professionals in agricultural economics and policy, and environmental and pollution sciences.

After five years of debates, consultations and negotiations, the European institutions reached an agreement in 2013 on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the 2014-2020 period. The outcome has major implications for the EU’s budget and farmers’ incomes, but also for Europe’s environment, its contribution to global climate change and to food security in the EU and in the world. It was decided to spend more than €400 billion during the rest of the decade on the CAP. The official claims are that the new CAP will take better account of society's expectations and lead to far-reaching changes by making subsidies fairer and ‘greener’ and making the CAP more efficient. It is also asserted that the CAP will play a key part in achieving the overall objective of promoting smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. However, there is significant scepticism about these claims and disappointment with the outcome of the decision-making, the first in which the European Parliament was involved under the co-decision procedure. In contrast to earlier reforms where more substantive changes were made to the CAP, the factors that induced the policy discussions in 2008-13 and those that influenced the decision-making did not reinforce each other. On the contrary, they sometimes counteracted one another, yielding an ‘imperfect storm’ as it were, resulting in more status quo and fewer changes. This book discusses the outcome of the decision-making and the factors that influenced the policy choices and decisions. It brings together contributions from leading academics from various disciplines and policy-makers, and key participants in the process from the European Commission and the European Parliament.

This title was first published in 2002. This engaging work examines the interplay between US and EU agricultural trade policy reforms, as well as the linkage between domestic and trade policy reform, and addresses whether reform is likely to continue during the first decade of the 21st Century. Features include: - Comprehensive overview of the interplay between domestic and international agricultural policy reform - Detailed analysis of the paradigm shift in policy - Vigorous discussion of the potential impact of emerging issues such as GMOs, intellectual property rights, animal and plant health, and human safety The book offers a rich empirical account of politics and diplomacy over the last decade, providing an important background for explaining forthcoming agricultural policy debates in the US, the EU and agricultural policy negotiations in the WTO. Contents: Introduction; The analytical framework for farm policy reform; The search for an agricultural policy paradigm shift; Reform frustrated: the Uruguay round, 1986-1990; The 1990 US farm bill - reducing the budget, but minimizing the pain; The 1992 MacSharry reform of the CAP; Reform revived: the Dunkel draft, the Blair house accord and the WTO agreement on agriculture; The FAIR act of 1996 - decoupling payments from production; Agenda 2000 - new reforms for the CAP; The 2000 agricultural negotiations; Reform compared: similarities and differences between the US and EU; The future of agricultural policy reform in the EU and the US; Bibliography; Index. Wayne Moyer, Rosenfield Professor and Professor of Political Science, Director, Rosenfield Program in Public Affairs, International Relations and Human Rights, Grinnell College, Iowa, USA

\"The objectives of this book are to review assessments made on the environmental effects of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and to judge the contribution of agricultural policy to environmental quality in the European Union. It focuses on the role of agricultural policy in reducing harmful effects and/or creating benefits to the physical environment, landscape and nature. Emphasis is given to comparative studies, rather than any limited to one country. A major part of the book considers the commodity regimes of the CAP - e.g. the beef regime, the arable crops regime, the olive oil regime. It is essential reading for those studying and working in the areas of agricultural and environmental economics and policy and rural geography.\"--Jacket

Land Law Reform examines the wide-spread efforts to reform land law in developing countries and countries in transition, drawing in particular upon the experience of the World Bank and the Rural Development Institute. The book considers the role of land law reform in the development process and analyzes how the World Bank has sought to support these legal changes in client countries. It reviews the experience with reform of laws affecting land access and rights in achieving gender equity, identifies opportunities for reinforcing environmentally sustainable development through land law reform, and examines from both growth and poverty alleviation perspectives the effectiveness of reforms to formalize property rights and liberalize land markets. The concluding chapter recommends some basic priorities for land law reforms. John W. Bruce is a senior counsel in the Legal Vice-Presidency of the World Bank, and a former director of the Land Tenure Center of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He has published extensively on land law and land policy in developing countries. Renee Giovarelli, David Bledsoe, Leonard Rolfes, and Robert Mitchell are staff attorneys with the Rural Development Institute of Seattle, Washington, a nonprofit organization that promotes and advises on land-related policy and legal reform in developing and transition countries. All have done fieldwork and advised extensively on land law reform and have published widely on this topic.

This paper considers aggregate linkages between government farm sector assistance and the environment. Agricultural intensification (input use per unit of land in production-here measured by fertilizer use per hectare) and extensification (agricultural land expansion) are used as indicators of environmental impacts, and the relationship between these indicators and agricultural assistance is illustrated graphically. Empirical relationships between farm sector assistance and fertilizer and land use are estimated. In general, agricultural assistance is positively related to per hectare use of chemical fertilizers. The relationship between agricultural assistance and land area in production differs between high income industrialized and low income countries.