Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
304
result(s) for
"Air traffic control Computer programs."
Sort by:
A review of the next generation air transportation system : implications and importance of system architecture
The Next Generation Air Transportation System's (NextGen) goal is the transformation of the U.S. national airspace system through programs and initiatives that could make it possible to shorten routes, navigate better around weather, save time and fuel, reduce delays, and improve capabilities for monitoring and managing of aircraft. A Review of the Next Generation Air Transportation provides an overview of NextGen and examines the technical activities, including human-system design and testing, organizational design, and other safety and human factor aspects of the system, that will be necessary to successfully transition current and planned modernization programs to the future system. This report assesses technical, cost, and schedule risk for the software development that will be necessary to achieve the expected benefits from a highly automated air traffic management system and the implications for ongoing modernization projects. The recommendations of this report will help the Federal Aviation Administration anticipate and respond to the challenges of implementing NextGen.
Book
FAA Faulted for Security Lapse
In its haste to prevent Y2K problems from disrupting air traffic, the FAA hired foreign workers to fix potential problems. It has been discovered that \"the FAA violated its own security policies by allowing its contractors' foreign employees, who had not received background checks, to be involved in repairing 15 of 153 critical computer systems\" (YAHOO! NEWS). The reasons for this lapse of proper security procedures are examined.
Web Resource
Public Health, Ethics, and Autonomous Vehicles
With the potential to save nearly 30 000 lives per year in the United States, autonomous vehicles portend the most significant advance in auto safety history by shifting the focus from minimization of postcrash injury to collision prevention. I have delineated the important public health implications of autonomous vehicles and provided a brief analysis of a critically important ethical issue inherent in autonomous vehicle design. The broad expertise, ethical principles, and values of public health should be brought to bear on a wide range of issues pertaining to autonomous vehicles.
Journal Article
Use of noise prediction models for road noise mapping in locations that do not have a standardized model: a short systematic review
Faced with the accelerated growth of cities and the consequent increase in the number of motor vehicles, urban noise levels caused by vehicular traffic have increased considerably. To assess noise levels in cities and implement noise control measures or identify the problem’s location in different urban areas, it is necessary to obtain the noise levels to which people are exposed. Noise maps are tools that have applications as they are cartographic representations of the noise level distribution in an area and over a period of time. This article aims to identify, select, evaluate, and synthesize information, through a systematic literature review, on using different road noise prediction models, in sound mapping computer programs in countries that do not have a standard noise prediction model. The analysis period was from 2018 to 2022. From a previous analysis of articles, the choice of topic was based on identifying various models for predicting road noise in countries without a standardized sound mapping model. The papers compiled by a systematic literature review showed that studies concentrated in China, Brazil, and Ecuador, the most used traffic noise prediction models, were the RLS-90 and the NMPB, and the most used mapping programs were SoundPLAN and ArcGIS with a grid size of 10 × 10 m. Most measurements were carried out during a 15-min period at a height from the ground level of 1.5 m. In addition, it was observed that research on noise maps in countries that do not have a local model has been increasing over time.
Journal Article
Real-Time Self-Adaptive Traffic Management System for Optimal Vehicular Navigation in Modern Cities
The increase in private car usage in cities has led to limited knowledge and uncertainty about traffic flow. This results in difficulties in addressing traffic congestion. This study proposes a novel technique for dynamically calculating the shortest route based on the costs of the most optimal roads and nodes using instances of road graphs at different timeslots to help minimize congestion for actual drivers in urban areas. The first phase of the study involved reducing traffic congestion in one city. The data were collected using a mobile application installed on more than 10 taxi drivers’ phones, capturing data at different timeslots. Based on the results, the shortest path was proposed for each timeslot. The proposed technique was effective in reducing traffic congestion in the city. To test the effectiveness of the proposed technique in other cities, the second phase of the study involved extending the proposed technique to another city using a self-adaptive system based on a similarity approach regarding the structures and sub-regions of the two cities. The results showed that the proposed technique can be successfully applied to different cities with similar urban structures and traffic regulations. The proposed technique offers an innovative approach to reducing traffic congestion in urban areas. It leverages dynamic calculation of the shortest route and utilizes instances of road graphs to optimize traffic flow. By successfully implementing this approach, we can improve journey times and reduce fuel consumption, pollution, and other operating costs, which will contribute to a better quality of urban life.
Journal Article
Trapped in the Net
Voice mail. E-mail. Bar codes. Desktops. Laptops. Networks. The Web. In this exciting book, Gene Rochlin takes a closer look at how these familiar and pervasive productions of computerization have become embedded in all our lives, forcing us to narrow the scope of our choices, our modes of control, and our experiences with the real world. Drawing on fascinating narratives from fields that range from military command, air traffic control, and international fund transfers to library cataloging and supermarket checkouts, Rochlin shows that we are rapidly making irreversible and at times harmful changes in our business, social, and personal lives to comply with the formalities and restrictions of information systems.
The threat is not the direct one once framed by the idea of insane robots or runaway mainframes usurping human functions for their own purposes, but the gradual loss of control over hardware, software, and function through networks of interconnection and dependence. What Rochlin calls the computer trap has four parts: the lure, the snare, the costs, and the long-term consequences. The lure is obvious: the promise of ever more powerful and adaptable tools with simpler and more human-centered interfaces. The snare is what usually ensues. Once heavily invested in the use of computers to perform central tasks, organizations and individuals alike are committed to new capacities and potentials, whether they eventually find them rewarding or not. The varied costs include a dependency on the manufacturers of hardware and software--and a seemingly pathological scramble to keep up with an incredible rate of sometimes unnecessary technological change. Finally, a lack of redundancy and an incredible speed of response make human intervention or control difficult at best when (and not if) something goes wrong. As Rochlin points out, this is particularly true for those systems whose interconnections and mechanisms are so deeply concealed in the computers that no human being fully understands them.
The complete text ofTrapped in the Netis available online at http://pup.princeton.edu
eBook
Calibrating Steady-State Traffic Stream and Car-Following Models Using Loop Detector Data
The research reported in this paper develops a heuristic automated tool (SPD_CAL) for calibrating steady-state traffic stream and car-following models using loop detector data. The performance of the automated procedure is then compared to off-the-shelf optimization software parameter estimates, including the MINOS and Branch and Reduce Optimization Navigator (BARON) solvers. The model structure and optimization procedure is shown to fit data from different roadway types and traffic regimes (uncongested and congested conditions) with a high quality of fit (within 1% of the optimum objective function). Furthermore, the selected functional form is consistent with multiregime models, without the need to deal with the complexities associated with the selection of regime breakpoints. The heuristic SPD_CAL solver, which is available for free, is demonstrated to perform better than the MINOS and BARON solvers in terms of execution time (at least 10 times faster), computational efficiency (better match to field data), and algorithm robustness (always produces a valid and reasonable solution).
Journal Article
Modeling of Queue Detector Location at Signalized Roundabouts via VISSIM Micro-Simulation Software in Amman City, Jordan
The growing number of vehicles in Jordan has contributed to traffic congestion, particularly at roundabouts. Roundabouts deflect high volumes of traffic flow. To improve the performance of roundabouts, it is necessary to consider the impact of all components on traffic conditions, especially delay, queue length, and level of service (LOS), to reduce congestion and enhance efficiency and sustainability, etc. This study aims to (a) identify the optimal queue detector locations on all approaches at two selected roundabouts in Amman, Jordan, using micro-simulation (VISSIM) supported by programming (Python) software, and (b) validate the simulated models with the best LOS. Traffic and geometric data of roundabouts (Prince Faisal Bin al-Hussein, fifth; and Prince Rashid Bin Hassan, sixth roundabouts) were used for simulation purposes. The queue detector (across 15 distinct scenarios at various distances) and standard (base scenario, 50 m from the stop line) locations were assessed for optimal placement. The model validation was made based on all scenarios including signalized and non-signalized roundabouts. The best-case scenario for queue detector location was determined based on the highway capacity manual (HCM) criteria for measurement of effectiveness (MOE) at roundabouts. The optimal location was measured based on the duration of traffic delay (seconds), average queue length (m), and LOS. The optimal queue detector’s location was observed to be 97 m from the roundabout stop line. It can reduce the traffic delay (or speed up the traffic flow) by 85.25%. The average queue length can be reduced up to 76.76%. The LOS F status on the selected roundabouts can be improved to LOS D. Overall, the application of adaptive signal and queue detectors in appropriate locations at all roundabout approaches is crucial to improve imbalanced traffic flow while reducing delays.
Journal Article
High Spatial Resolution Assessment of the Effect of the Spanish National Air Pollution Control Programme on Street-Level NO2 Concentrations in Three Neighborhoods of Madrid (Spain) Using Mesoscale and CFD Modelling
Current European legislation aims to reduce the air pollutants emitted by European countries in the coming years. In this context, this article studies the effects on air quality of the measures considered for 2030 in the Spanish National Air Pollution Control Programme (NAPCP). Three different emission scenarios are investigated: a scenario with the emissions in 2016 and two other scenarios, one with existing measures in the current legislation (WEM2030) and another one considering the additional measures of NAPCP (WAM2030). Previous studies have addressed this issue at a national level, but this study assesses the impact at the street scale in three neighborhoods in Madrid, Spain. NO2 concentrations are modelled at high spatial resolution by means of a methodology based on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations driven by mesoscale meteorological and air quality modelling. Spatial averages of annual mean NO2 concentrations are only estimated to be below 40 µg/m3 in all three neighborhoods for the WAM2030 emission scenarios. However, for two of the three neighborhoods, there are still zones (4–12% of the study areas) where the annual concentration is higher than 40 µg/m3. This highlights the importance of considering microscale simulations to assess the impacts of emission reduction measures on urban air quality.
Journal Article
Lightweight and mobile artificial intelligence and immersive technologies in aviation
This review examines the current applications, benefits, challenges, and future potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and immersive aviation technologies. AI has been applied across various domains, including flight operations, air traffic control, maintenance, and ground handling. AI enhances aviation safety by enabling pilot assistance systems, mitigating human error, streamlining safety management systems, and aiding in accident analysis. Lightweight AI models are crucial for mobile applications in aviation, particularly for resource-constrained environments such as drones. Hardware considerations involve trade-offs between energy-efficient field-programmable gate arrays and power-consuming graphics processing units. Battery and thermal management are critical for mobile device applications. Although AI integration has numerous benefits, including enhanced safety, improved efficiency, and reduced environmental impact, it also presents challenges. Addressing algorithmic bias, ensuring cybersecurity, and managing the relationship between human operators and AI systems are crucial. The future of aviation will likely involve even more sophisticated AI algorithms, advanced hardware, and increased integration of AI with augmented reality and virtual reality, creating new possibilities for training and operations, and ultimately leading to a safer, more efficient, and more sustainable aviation industry.
Journal Article