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Aircraft carriers
Text and photographs take readers on a tour of an aircraft carrier from the control tower down to the nuclear engine room.
Book
Transient Simulation of Aerodynamic Load Variations on Carrier-Based Aircraft During Recovery in Carrier Airwake
Carrier-based aircraft recovery is a critical and challenging phase in maritime operations due to the turbulent airwake generated by aircraft carriers, which significantly increases the workload of flight control systems and pilots. This study investigates the airwake effects of an aircraft carrier under varying wind direction conditions. A high-fidelity mathematical model combining delayed detached-eddy simulation (DDES) with the overset grid method was developed to analyze key flow characteristics, including upwash, downwash, and lateral recirculation. The model ensures precise control of aircraft speed and trajectory during landing while maintaining numerical stability through rigorous mesh optimization. The results indicate that the minimum lift occurs in the downwash region aft of the deck, marking it as the most hazardous zone during landing. Aircraft above the deck are primarily influenced by ground effects, causing a sudden increase in lift that complicates arresting wire engagement. Additionally, the side force on the aircraft undergoes an abrupt reversal during the approach phase. The dual overset mesh technique effectively captures the coupled motion of the hull and aircraft, revealing higher turbulence intensity along the glideslope and a wider range of lift fluctuations compared to stationary hull conditions. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing carrier-based aircraft recovery procedures, offering more realistic data for simulation training and enhancing pilot preparedness for airwake-induced disturbances.
Journal Article
Autonomous sortie scheduling for carrier aircraft fleet under towing mode
Safe and efficient sortie scheduling on the confined flight deck is crucial for maintaining high combat effectiveness of the aircraft carrier. The primary difficulty exactly lies in the spatiotemporal coordination, i.e., allocation of limited supporting resources and collision-avoidance between heterogeneous dispatch entities. In this paper, the problem is investigated in the perspective of hybrid flow-shop scheduling problem by synthesizing the precedence, space and resource constraints. Specifically, eight processing procedures are abstracted, where tractors, preparing spots, catapults, and launching are virtualized as machines. By analyzing the constraints in sortie scheduling, a mixed-integer planning model is constructed. In particular, the constraint on preparing spot occupancy is improved to further enhance the sortie efficiency. The basic trajectory library for each dispatch entity is generated and a delayed strategy is integrated to address the collision-avoidance issue. To efficiently solve the formulated HFSP, which is essentially a combinatorial problem with tightly coupled constraints, a chaos-initialized genetic algorithm is developed. The solution framework is validated by the simulation environment referring to the Fort-class carrier, exhibiting higher sortie efficiency when compared to existing strategies. And animation of the simulation results is available at www.bilibili.com/video/BV14t421A7Tt/. The study presents a promising supporting technique for autonomous flight deck operation in the foreseeable future, and can be easily extended to other supporting scenarios, e.g., ammunition delivery and aircraft maintenance.
Journal Article
Effect of Twin Island Configuration on Airwake Aerodynamics over Generic Aircraft Carrier using CFD
The technological advancements have led to the evolution of numerous concepts in an aircraft carrier’s topdeck design, the twin island concept being the latest entrant. An aircraft carrier’s bluff body geometry presents many challenges to the pilot, landing on deck being the most critical. The present study aims to undertake a computational investigation of the aerodynamic analysis of a Twin Island GAC (Generic Aircraft Carrier) conceptualized vis- à-vis its base variant. The flow over the twin island GAC flight deck and downstream is analysed using various transverse planes perpendicular to the flow direction as detailed in the paper. Subsequently, a parametric study was undertaken for understanding the effects of longitudinal translations of the two islands with respect to the baseline GAC position. The results depict the advantage of certain variants of twin islands over a single island, and ~68 % reduction in turbulence is achieved along the glideslope by one of the variations which could aid in reducing pilot workload. The data can act as a catalyst for utilization and incorporation in future floating platform designs and further studies in this field.
Journal Article
Aircraft carriers
This book teaches readers about aircraft carriers from their function in the military to the crew that serves on them.
Book
Research on Integrated Modularization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide System for Aircraft Carrier Nuclear Power
This paper innovatively presents an integrated nuclear-powered supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) system for aircraft carriers, replacing the conventional secondary-loop steam Rankine cycle with a regenerative S-CO2 power cycle. The system comprises two modules: a nuclear reactor module and a S-CO2 power module. Comprehensive thermodynamic, economic, and compactness analyses were conducted, using exergy efficiency, levelized energy cost (LEC), and heat transfer area per unit power output (APR) as objective functions for optimization. Parameter analysis revealed the influence of key operating parameters on system performance, and a multi-objective optimization approach based on genetic algorithms was employed to determine optimal system parameters. The results indicate that the system achieves an exergy efficiency of 45%, an APR of 0.168 m2 kW−1, and an LEC of 2.1 cents/(kW·h). This high compactness, combined with superior thermodynamic and economic performance, underscores the feasibility of the S-CO2 system for integration into nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, offering significant potential to enhance their overall performance and operational efficiency.
Journal Article
A timeline of warships
\"For many centuries, warships were key to a nation's power. Read about how sailing ships fought for control of the oceans and about the coming of iron and steel warships, and find out what life is like in a nuclear submarine\"-- Provided by publisher.
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