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"Alcohol industry"
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In Situ Carbon-Confined MoSesub.2 Catalyst with Heterojunction for Highly Selective COsub.2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
The synthesis of methanol from CO[sub.2] hydrogenation is an effective measure to deal with global climate change and an important route for the chemical fixation of CO[sub.2]. In this work, carbon-confined MoSe[sub.2] (MoSe[sub.2]@C) catalysts were prepared by in situ pyrolysis using glucose as a carbon source. The physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of CO[sub.2] hydrogenation to yield methanol were compared with MoSe[sub.2] and MoSe[sub.2]/C. The results of the structure characterization showed MoSe[sub.2] displayed few layers and a small particle size. Owing to the synergistic effect of the Mo[sub.2]C-MoSe[sub.2] heterojunction and in situ carbon doping, MoSe[sub.2]@C with a suitable C/Mo mole ratio in the precursor showed excellent catalytic performance in the synthesis of methanol from CO[sub.2] hydrogenation. Under the optimal catalyst MoSe[sub.2]@C-55, the selectivity of methanol reached 93.7% at a 9.7% conversion of CO[sub.2] under optimized reaction conditions, and its catalytic performance was maintained without deactivation during a continuous reaction of 100 h. In situ diffuse infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy studies suggested that formate and CO were the key intermediates in CO[sub.2] hydrogenation to methanol.
Journal Article
Bootleg : murder, moonshine, and the lawless years of prohibition
This is a story of 14 years in American history, the story of prohibition.
Book
Harmful Use of Alcohol: A Shadow over Sub-Saharan Africa in Need of Workable Solutions
Alcohol consumption and alcohol-attributable burden of disease in Africa are expected to rise in the near future, yet. increasing alcohol-related harm receives little attention from policymakers and from the population in general. Even where new legislation is proposed it is rarely enacted into law. Being at the center of social and cultural activities in many countries, alcohol’s negative role in society and contribution to countries’ burden of disease are rarely questioned. After the momentum created by the adoption in 2010 of the WHO Global Strategy and the WHO Regional Strategy (for Africa) to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol, and the WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases, in 2013, little seems to have been done to address the increasing use of alcohol, its associated burden and the new challenges that derive from the growing influence of the alcohol industry in Africa. In this review, we argue that to have a positive impact on the health of African populations, action addressing specific features of alcohol policy in the continent is needed, namely focusing on particularities linked to alcohol availability, like unrecorded and illicit production, outlet licensing, the expansion of formal production, marketing initiatives and taxation policies.
Journal Article
Constituents of IChimaphila japonica/I and Their Diuretic Activity
Three new phenols (1–3), one new cyclohexanol (4), two known phenols (5–6), and six known flavonoids (7–12) were isolated from the n-butanol of the 75% ethanol extract of all plants of Chimaphila japonica Miq. Among them, compound 5 was named and described in its entirety for the first time, and compounds 9 and 10 were reported in C. japonica for the first time. The structures of all compounds were confirmed using a comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. Biological results show that compounds 4, 7, and 11 exhibited potent diuretic activity. The modes of interaction between the selected compounds and the target diuretic-related WNK1 kinase were investigated in a preliminary molecular docking study. These results provided insight into the chemodiversity and potential diuretic activities of metabolites in C. japonica.
Journal Article
Optimization of parameters for obtaining callus, suspension, and root cultures of meadowsweet
The study of biologically active substances-secondary metabolites of plants that exhibit geroprotective properties is an actual and popular direction in medicine to prevent early aging. This work aims to select the cultivation parameters for obtaining in vitro cell cultures of meadowsweet containing the largest amount of biologically active substances (BAS) for their further extraction as candidate substances for geroprotectors. To specify the effectiveness of the selected cell culture cultivation parameters, biomass growth for callus and root cultures, growth index, specific growth rate, and viability for suspension cultures was carried out. The study results made it possible to select the nutrient media for the cultivation of cell cultures of meadowsweet. It has been found that the greater the antioxidant activity of the extracts, the greater the antimicrobial properties it exhibits. In this study, cell cultures in vitro and alcohol extracts from the plant Filipendula ulmaria were considered as raw materials rich in candidate substances for geroprotectors. According to the data obtained, the plant is rich in hydroxybenzoic and salicylic acids, spireoside, avicularin, and hyperoside.
Journal Article
Distillers Grains
This reference provides in-depth coverage of the history and current status of the fuel ethanol industry in the United States. It examines processing methods, scientific principles, and innovations for making grain-based fuel ethanol; physical and chemical properties of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS); assay methodologies for compositional analyses; and mycotoxin occurrence in DDGS. The contributors also discuss changes during processing and analysis of factors causing variations in compositional, nutritional, and physical values. Additional chapters cover emerging uses for DDGS, including feed for livestock, feedstocks for bioenergy production, ingredients for food, and industrial materials.
eBook
Alcohol policy framing in South Africa during the early stages of COVID-19: using extraordinary times to make an argument for a new normal
Introduction
Public health and alcohol industry actors compete to frame alcohol policy problems and solutions. Little is known about how sudden shifts in the political context provide moments for policy actors to re-frame alcohol-related issues. South Africa’s temporary bans on alcohol sales during the COVID-19 pandemic offered an opportunity to study this phenomenon.
Methods
We identified Professor Charles Parry from the South African Medical Research Council as a key policy actor. Parry uses a Twitter account primarily to comment on alcohol-related issues in South Africa. We harvested his tweets posted from March 18 to August 31, 2020, coinciding with the first two alcohol sales bans. We conducted a thematic analysis of the tweets to understand how Parry framed alcohol policy evidence and issues during these ‘extraordinary times.’
Results
Parry underlined the extent of alcohol-related harm during ‘normal times’ with scientific evidence and contested industry actors’ efforts to re-frame relevant evidence in a coherent and well-constructed argument. Parry used the temporary sales restrictions to highlight the magnitude of the health and social harms resulting from alcohol consumption, particularly trauma, rather than the COVID-19 transmission risks. Parry portrayed the sales ban as a policy learning opportunity (or ‘experiment’) for South Africa and beyond.
Conclusions
Crisis conditions can provide new openings for public health (and industry) actors to make salient particular features of alcohol and alcohol policy evidence.
Journal Article
Association between noise exposure and diabetes in hearing loss: a retrospective cohort study with workers from the sugarcane industry in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil/Associacao entre exposicao ao ruido e diabetes na perda auditiva em trabalhadores de industrias de acucar e alcool no estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil/Asociacion entre la exposicion al ruido y la diabetes na la perda auditiva en trabajadores de la industrias de la cana de azucar en el estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil
O objetivo é avaliar a associação entre a exposição ao ruído e o diabetes mellitus no desencadeamento precoce de perdas auditivas ocupacionais de diferentes ambientes laborais e de diferentes intensidades. Estudo de coorte retrospectivo em trabalhadores de usina sucroalcooleira na região de Dracena/SP, Brasil. Foram comparados exames audiológicos referencial e sequencial. A variável dependente de desfecho foi a presença de perda auditiva, e as variáveis independentes foram idade, nível de pressão sonora ambiental, tipo de local de trabalho e presença de diabetes mellitus. Foram avaliados 547 trabalhadores. A avaliação univariada mostrou chance de encontrar indivíduos com idade superior a 39 anos com desencadeamento de perda auditiva 4,25 vezes maior em comparação com indivíduos com idade entre 19 e 28 anos. A presença de diabetes aumenta a chance de perda auditiva em comparação a indivíduos sem a doença. No modelo multivariado, ao ajustar pelos preditores, houve redução na chance de ter diabetes, pois parte do efeito observado estaria ligado à idade. Existe associação entre diabetes mellitus e o desencadeamento de perda auditiva em trabalhadores expostos a ruído ocupacional menores que 85 dB, e a proteção auditiva parece ser efetiva para a preservação da perda auditiva.
Journal Article