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"Aldrin"
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Look to the stars
The author is the second man to ever walk on the moon, and he discusses space exploration and why he thinks it is important.
Book
Genetic Susceptibility Loci, Pesticide Exposure and Prostate Cancer Risk. e58195
Uncovering SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms)-environment interactions can generate new hypotheses about the function of poorly characterized genetic variants and environmental factors, like pesticides. We evaluated SNP-environment interactions between 30 confirmed prostate cancer susceptibility loci and 45 pesticides and prostate cancer risk in 776 cases and 1,444 controls in the Agricultural Health Study. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multiplicative SNP-pesticide interactions were calculated using a likelihood ratio test. After correction for multiple tests using the False Discovery Rate method, two interactions remained noteworthy. Among men carrying two T alleles at rs2710647 in EH domain binding protein 1 (EHBP1) SNP, the risk of prostate cancer in those with high malathion use was 3.43 times those with no use (95% CI: 1.44-8.15) (P-interaction = 0.003). Among men carrying two A alleles at rs7679673 in TET2, the risk of prostate cancer associated with high aldrin use was 3.67 times those with no use (95% CI: 1.43, 9.41) (P-interaction = 0.006). In contrast, associations were null for other genotypes. Although additional studies are needed and the exact mechanisms are unknown, this study suggests known genetic susceptibility loci may modify the risk between pesticide use and prostate cancer.
Journal Article
Role of Organochlorine Pesticides in Children with Idiopathic Seizures
Background. Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) are persistent organic pollutants that have been implicated in causing several deleterious effects in humans. These are known neurotoxins in high doses, but the role of environmentally acquired OCPs in the body to induce seizures in children has not been investigated yet. Objectives. To assess the serum levels of OCPs in children aged 2–12 with idiopathic seizure and to find out any association between the two are our objectives. Methods. It was a cross-sectional pilot study. Twenty developmentally normal children aged 2–12, presenting with idiopathic generalized seizures, were recruited. Twenty age-matched controls without any history of seizures were also taken. Their serum levels of α, β, and γ hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH); and aldrin; dieldrin; p,p-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), o,p-DDT, and p,p dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE); and α and β endosulfan were analysed using gas chromatography (GC). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare OCP levels between the groups. Spearman correlation was used to find the correlation between individual pesticide levels with age and seizure duration. Results. Levels of β, γ, and total HCH were significantly higher among cases as compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Conclusion. There exists a possible association between idiopathic seizures and high serum levels of OCPs, especially HCH.
Journal Article
Biodegradation of Aldrin and Dieldrin by the White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus
Aldrin and its metabolite dieldrin are persistent organic pollutants that contaminate soil in many parts of the world. Given the potential hazards associated with these pollutants, an efficient degradation method is required. In this study, we investigated the ability of
Pleurotus ostreatus
to transform aldrin as well as dieldrin in pure liquid cultures. This fungus completely eliminated aldrin in potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium during a 14-day incubation period. Dieldrin was detected as the main metabolite, and 9-hydroxylaldrin and 9-hydroxyldieldrin were less abundant metabolites. The proposed route of aldrin biotransformation is initial metabolism by epoxidation, followed by hydroxylation. The fungus was also capable of degrading dieldrin, a recalcitrant metabolite of aldrin. Approximately 3, 9, and 18% of dieldrin were eliminated by
P. ostreatus
in low-nitrogen, high-nitrogen, and PDB media, respectively, during a 14-day incubation period. 9-Dihydroxydieldrin was detected as a metabolite in the PDB culture, suggesting that the hydroxylation reaction occurred in the epoxide ring. These results indicate that
P. ostreatus
has potential applications in the transformation of aldrin as well as dieldrin.
Journal Article
Welcome to Mars : making a home on the Red Planet
The Apollo 11 astronaut invites young people to evaluate Mars as a potential planet for human colonization, and describes what Mars residents might experience while traveling to and living on the Red Planet.
Book
Mono and Simultaneous Adsorption of Aldrin and Toxic Metals from Aqueous Solution Using Rice Husk Biochar
Recent research has explored the potential of rice husk biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions, including aldrin, mercury (Hg2+), lead (Pb2+), and cadmium (Cd2+). Experimentation involved adding varying doses of biochar to wastewater with different contamination levels, agitating the mixture for 60 min, and filtering the solutions for analysis. The experiment revealed impressive removal efficiencies: 100% for aldrin, 99.92% - 99.99% for Hg2+, 95.90% - 99.52% for Pb2+, and 88.60% - 99.46% for Cd2+. In binary and quaternary mixtures, Hg2+ showed higher removal efficiency than Pb2+ and Cd2+, with the exception of aldrin. The adsorption order was identified as aldrin > Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm best described heavy metals in the mono and quaternary component adsorption, while the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was a better fit for the binary component. Consequently, the study highlights rice husk biochar as an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly option for wastewater treatment.
Journal Article
Microbial degradation of recalcitrant pesticides: a review
Some pesticides such as organochlorines are of critical environmental concern because they are highly persistent due to their stable chemical nature. As a consequence, even after banning, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and endosulfan can be detected at concentrations above permissible limits. Moreover, classical pesticide degradation of these compounds using physiochemical processes is limited. Alternatively, biodegradation using microorganisms isolated in contaminated sites appears promising. For instance, the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens degrades aldrin by 94.8%, and the fungus Ganoderma lucidum can bring down the levels of lindane by 75.5%. In addition, the toxicity is reduced by enzymes that perform oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, dehydrogenation, dehalogenation and decarboxylation. Then, the metabolites are further degraded by mineralisation and cometabolism. The biodegradation process can be manipulated by applying techniques such as bioattenuation, bioaugmentation and biostimulation. This article discusses the latest advances in microbial degradation of recalcitrant pesticides.
Journal Article