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The AlOx-based resistive switching memory device is fabricated by an oxidation diffusion process that involves depositing an Al film on an ITO substrate and annealing at 400 °C in a vacuum. An AlOx interface layer with a thickness of ~ 20 nm is formed as a resistance switching layer. Bipolar and unipolar resistive switching (RS) behaviours are obtained when the compliance current is limited (≥ 1 mA). In the unipolar RS behaviour, the devices fail to perform set/reset cycles at a low temperature (40 K), which suggests that Joule heating is essential for the unipolar RS behaviour. In the bipolar RS behaviour, the abrupt reset transforms into a gradual reset with decreasing temperature, which suggests that Joule heating affects the rupture of the conductive filament. In addition, the conductive mechanisms in the high-resistance state and low-resistance state are revealed by the temperature dependence of the I-V curves. For the low-resistance state, the conduction mechanism is due to the electron hopping mechanism, with a hopping activation energy of 9.93 meV. For the high-resistance state, transport mechanism is dominated by the space-charge-limited conduction (SCLC) mechanism.

The persisting presence of opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a significant threat to many immunocompromised cancer patients with pulmonary infections. This review highlights the complexity of interactions in the host’s defensive eicosanoid signaling network and its hijacking by pathogenic bacteria to their own advantage. Human lipoxygenases (ALOXs) and their mouse counterparts are integral elements of the innate immune system, mostly operating in the pro-inflammatory mode. Taking into account the indispensable role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, lipoxygenases have counteracting roles in this process. In addition to describing the structure-function of lipoxygenases in this review, we discuss their roles in such critical processes as cancer cell signaling, metastases, death of cancer and immune cells through ferroptosis, as well as the roles of ALOXs in carcinogenesis promoted by pathogenic infections. Finally, we discuss perspectives of novel oncotherapeutic approaches to harness lipoxygenase signaling in tumors.

A species of pebble crab, Alox chaunos Galil & Ng, 2007 is recorded for the first time from India. The specimen examined was collected from the trawl catch at Digha Mohana, West Bengal state, India. Alox chaunos can be identified based on the carapace surface covered with mushroom-like tubercles, irregular pits, a prominent groove on the surface running parallel to the anterolateral carapace margin, and a slender male first gonopod (G1), slightly twisted in its distal half. The shape of the second gonopod (G2) illustrated in previous studies appears aberrant; an accurate illustration is provided herein. Alox chaunos can be differentiated from its close congener A. rugosum based on carapace shape, groove pattern, long telson, and narrow G1 distally. The species was originally described from specimens collected in the Philippines, redescribed based on specimens from Japan and is reported here for the first time from India.

The balance between high selectivity and long‐term stability for multi‐carbon (C2+) production remains a critical challenge in CO2 electrocatalysis due to competing reaction pathways and catalyst reconstruction under operating conditions. In this study, a core‐shell heterostructure is synthesized by encapsulating copper nanowires (Cu NWs) with an aluminum oxide (AlOx) shell. Acting as a Lewis acid, the AlOx shell promotes charge redistribution to stabilize Cu+ species at the Cu─O─Al interface while creating an alkaline local microenvironment via *OH adsorption. These effects not only stabilize the catalyst structure but also preserve an optimal *CO intermediate coverage for efficient C─C coupling, as evidenced by in situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As a result, the system achieves a remarkable C2+ Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 69.6% at 600 mA cm−2 in a flow‐cell configuration. The stability tests further reveal a sustained FEC2+ above 50% over 64 h of continuous operation at 300 mA cm−2. Tuning of the AlOx shell crystallinity alters product distribution owing to different *OH adsorption capacities at the Cu─O─Al interface. These findings highlight the promise of AlOx encapsulation as a versatile strategy to simultaneously enhance selectivity and durability of Cu‐based catalysts in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR). A Cu nanowire/AlOx core‐shell catalyst is reported for CO2 electroreduction. Acting as a Lewis acid, the AlOx shell not only stabilizes Cu+ species at the Cu─O─Al interface but also creates an alkaline local microenvironment via *OH adsorption. This dual functionality stabilizes the catalyst structure while promoting the C─C coupling process, resulting in efficient and durable multicarbon production.

Ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layers of 550 nm were grown on Ag/AlOx stacks. The addition of the stack resulted in solar cells with improved fill factor, open circuit voltage and short circuit current density. The efficiency was increased from 7% to almost 12%. Photoluminescence (PL) and time resolved PL were improved, which was attributed to the passivating properties of AlOx. A current increase of almost 2 mA/cm2 was measured, due to increased light scattering and surface roughness. With time of flight—secondary ion mass spectroscopy, the elemental profiles were measured. It was found that the Ag is incorporated through the whole CIGS layer. Secondary electron microscopic images of the Mo back revealed residuals of the Ag/AlOx stack, which was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. It is assumed to induce the increased surface roughness and scattering properties. At the front, large stains are visible for the cells with the Ag/AlOx back contact. An ammonia sulfide etching step was therefore applied on the bare absorber improving the efficiency further to 11.7%. It shows the potential of utilizing an Ag/AlOx stack at the back to improve both electrical and optical properties of ultrathin CIGS solar cells.

One of the EU’s ambitious goals is to ensure all plastic packaging is reusable or recyclable by 2030. However, achieving higher recycling rates, particularly in flexible multilayer food packaging, is challenging due to the combination of diverse materials. This highlights the importance of designing for recyclability and exploring alternative barrier solutions. In this study, several types of coatings, such as ORMOCER® (Fraunhofer-ISC, Würzburg, Germany) Michem® Flex B3513 (Michelman International Belgium SRL, Aubange, Belgium), and PVOH (Kuraray Europe GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany), are applied on different polypropylene substrates, including cast PP (CPP70), SiOx, and AlOx-coated PP films. The effect of double coating and optimized curing conditions of ORMOCER® on the oxygen permeability of CPP70 was also investigated. The results showed significant improvements in the barrier properties of PP/SiOx and OPP/AlOx films, and OTR values less than 0.1 cm3/m2·d·bar were achieved. It was also found that ORMOCER® and Michem® Flex B3513 could enhance the oxygen barrier property of CPP70 and the OTR value reduced by a factor of 88 and 551, respectively.

A novel Ru-modified composite catalyst, Ru-W/Sn-AlOx, was prepared, and the effects of the catalyst on lignin depolymerization were investigated in this study. The catalyst converted approximately 95% lignin into liquid product at 300 °C in 12 h and 2/3 of the liquid product could be soluble in petroleum ether. The petroleum ether (PE) soluble product was mainly composed of monomers, dimers and some trimmers. This indeed indicated that the catalyst could effectively depolymerize lignin into small-molecule products. 7.22% of monomers was obtained at 310 C for 12 h. Meanwhile, the catalyst effectively reduced the char formation to 2%. After the catalytic depolymerization, the higher heating value (HHV) of the liquid product increased from 25.7 to 32.4 MJ/kg. The product could be utilized as fuel additive or converted to biofuels. This catalysis system showed great potential in the conversion of lignin into biofuels.

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) on the silicon backplanes processed via the standard foundry complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes were developed with the state-of-the-art electrical doping technology to meet the optical and electrical requirements, resulting in high luminance (over 5000 cd/m 2 ) for the green emissive OLED microdisplay. The unavoidable oxidized aluminium contact after the CMOS processes on the top layer of the pixel was found to significantly increase the driving voltage of the device (up to 1 V at 100 cd/m 2 luminance). To aid in the extraction of the accurate device parameters for setting up an equivalent circuit, the reference top-emitting OLEDs without bottom metal contacts were deposited directly on interconnection-metal-only silicon substrates from the CMOS foundry. The distribution of the AlO x of the top-layer metal contact on silicon (the bottom anode of OLEDs) was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiles.

Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes can result from an imbalance between lipid acquisition and lipid catabolism. In recent years, it has been discovered that eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA) have the potential to create specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators to actively resolve inflammation, but it is not clear whether AA and lipoxygenases exert effects on hepatic inflammation. Here, the effects of atorvastatin on the expression of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and lipoxygenase pathway genes (ALOX5, ALOX12, ALOX15, and ALOX15B) were evaluated in an in vitro model of palmitic acid (PA)‐induced hepatocyte lipid accumulation in McA‐RH7777 (McA) cells. Palmitic acid increased cPLA2 expression, intracellular AA levels, and ALOX12 expression (P < 0.05). Atorvastatin at various concentrations had no significant effects on AA levels or on cPLA2, ALOX15, and ALOX15B expressions. ALOX5 was not detected, despite multiple measurements. Pro‐inflammatory IL‐1β expression levels were upregulated by PA (P < 0.01) and attenuated by atorvastatin (P < 0.001). TNFα did not differ among groups. The expression levels of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 decreased in response to PA (P < 0.05), but were not affected by atorvastatin. In conclusion, in an in vitro model of lipid accumulation in McA cells, atorvastatin reduced IL‐1β; however, its effect was not mediated by AA and the lipoxygenase pathway at the established doses and treatment duration. Further research is required to investigate time‐response data, as well as other drugs and integrated cell systems that could influence the lipoxygenase pathway and modulate inflammation in liver diseases. An in vitro hepatic lipid accumulation state in McA‐RH7777 (McA) hepatocytes was achieved by palmitic acid administration, with a particular increase in cPLA2, AA and ALOX12, as well as a pro‐inflammatory response of IL‐1β with a decrease of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10. Exposure of McA cells to atorvastatin reduced IL‐1β, but did not seem to be mediated by the AA response, while no changes in cPLA2, ALOX12, ALOX15, and ALOX15B were observed.

To improve the fabrication process in terms of quality and cost and also the density of Josephson fluxonic devices and circuits based on Nb technology, a novel processing technique has been developed. The process is useful for defining electrically isolated junctions in close proximity using a native oxide through the niobium anodization process. In this technique, each Josephson junction is formed by the capacitive anodization of Nb/AlOx-Al/Nb trilayer through a passivated ground plane conductor, while the junctions are selectively protected by a hardened photoresist mask. The unique feature of this method makes it possible to define the junctions by a complete Nb anodization without losing electrical connection to the anodic probe which plagues the conventional fabrication method. As an example, the results for a fabricated Josephson fluxonic diode (JFD) are presented here.