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"Alphabet"
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Once upon an alphabet
\"From an Astronaut who's afraid of heights, to a Bridge that ends up burned between friends, to a Cup stuck in a cupboard and longing for freedom, this series of interconnected stories and characters explores the alphabet\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Letter and the Cosmos
From our first ABCs to the Book of Revelation’s statement that Jesus is “the Alpha and Omega,” we see the world through our letters. More than just a way of writing, the alphabet is a powerful concept that has shaped Western civilization and our daily lives. In The Letter and the Cosmos , Laurence de Looze probes that influence, showing how the alphabet has served as a lens through which we conceptualize the world and how the world, and sometimes the whole cosmos, has been perceived as a kind of alphabet itself. Beginning with the ancient Greeks, he traces the use of alphabetic letters and their significance from Plato to postmodernism, offering a fascinating tour through Western history.
A sharp and entertaining examination of how languages, letterforms, orthography, and writing tools have reflected our hidden obsession with the alphabet, The Letter and the Cosmos is illustrated with copious examples of the visual and linguistic phenomena which de Looze describes. Read it, and you’ll never look at the alphabet the same way again.
eBook
An artist's alphabet
Readers will be mesmerized by these surreal and gorgeously rendered alphabet letters, cleverly shaped from flora, fauna, and more.
Book
High-dimensional quantum cryptography with twisted light
Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems often rely on polarization of light for encoding, thus limiting the amount of information that can be sent per photon and placing tight bounds on the error rates that such a system can tolerate. Here we describe a proof-of-principle experiment that indicates the feasibility of high-dimensional QKD based on the transverse structure of the light field allowing for the transfer of more than 1 bit per photon. Our implementation uses the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons and the corresponding mutually unbiased basis of angular position (ANG). Our experiment uses a digital micro-mirror device for the rapid generation of OAM and ANG modes at 4 kHz, and a mode sorter capable of sorting single photons based on their OAM and ANG content with a separation efficiency of 93%. Through the use of a seven-dimensional alphabet encoded in the OAM and ANG bases, we achieve a channel capacity of 2.05 bits per sifted photon. Our experiment demonstrates that, in addition to having an increased information capacity, multilevel QKD systems based on spatial-mode encoding can be more resilient against intercept-resend eavesdropping attacks.
Journal Article
Alpha
\"The NATO phonetic alphabet, or more accurately, the International Radiotelephany Spelling Alphabet is used by various emergency services ...as a way to communicate clearly and precisely in urgent situations.\"
Book
Variational quantum compiling with double Q-learning
Quantum compiling aims to construct a quantum circuit V by quantum gates drawn from a native gate alphabet, which is functionally equivalent to the target unitary U . It is a crucial stage for the running of quantum algorithms on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. However, the space for structure exploration of quantum circuit is enormous, resulting in the requirement of human expertise, hundreds of experimentations or modifications from existing quantum circuits. In this paper, we propose a variational quantum compiling (VQC) algorithm based on reinforcement learning, in order to automatically design the structure of quantum circuit for VQC with no human intervention. An agent is trained to sequentially select quantum gates from the native gate alphabet and the qubits they act on by double Q -learning with ϵ -greedy exploration strategy and experience replay. At first, the agent randomly explores a number of quantum circuits with different structures, and then iteratively discovers structures with higher performance on the learning task. Simulation results show that the proposed method can make exact compilations with less quantum gates compared to previous VQC algorithms. It can reduce the errors of quantum algorithms due to decoherence process and gate noise in NISQ devices, and enable quantum algorithms especially for complex algorithms to be executed within coherence time.
Journal Article
A is for awesome
\"Alliterative and rhyming words of wisdom surrounded by all new art fill this ... alphabet book by Dallas Clayton ... [in which] each spread offers a rhythmic phrase and an abundance of artwork illustrating the featured letter. The message of dreaming big and living life to its fullest permeates every page, inviting readers to 'learn some new letters that you can use to make magical words and share big ideas'\"-- From publisher's Web site.
Book
Cross-sectional examination of the proficiency of year 1 and year 2 children’s alphabet-letter-writing skills
The objective for beginning writers is to learn how to generate alphabet-letters which are recognisable and easy to read. This study investigated the accuracy of Year 1 and 2 children’s alphabet-letter-writing by evaluating their alphabet and orthographic knowledge, following evidence which identifies these skills as important for correctly representing the Latin alphabet-letters in written form. 408 typical children from the first two years of formal schooling were recruited from eight Western Australian schools and asked to write the twenty-six-lowercase alphabet-letters under three different writing conditions: from memory; the initial sounds of words; and copying. Performance was measured using the Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform (PRPP) System of Task Analysis (Stage One). Analyses revealed the mean average number of the 26- lowercase alphabet-letters correctly written from memory was 8.17 (Year 1) and 12.76 (Year 2). Mean averages were similar across the three writing conditions. Comparative analysis showed children in Year 2 were significantly better than Year 1 children at recalling the alphabet-sequence, sound-letter-translation, and retrieving the letter-shape, letter-case, and letter-orientation. No significant difference was found in name-to-letter translation, letter-formation, or letter-placement skills. The results highlighted that many typical Year 1 and 2 children have difficulty accurately generating all 26- lowercase alphabet-letters. The findings suggested that the way early writers learn to form and place an alphabet-letter, whether it is accurate or not, is how they continue to write the alphabet-letter through their early school journey. Considerations for evaluation and instruction of alphabet-letter-writing are discussed.
Journal Article
My ABC book
\"A is for airplane, B is for boat, and C is for cat! Get ready to learn your ABCs with this delightfully illustrated book full of animals, toys, vehicles, and more.\"--Page [4] cover.
Book
The Role of Alphabets in the Formation of Kazakh Written Language
The Kazakh written language, whose first works were produced in the late 19th century, is a relatively young written language that, until 1940, sporadically used the Arabic, Latin, and Cyrillic alphabets. The formation of the Kazakh written language in the late 19th century was influenced not only by the lifestyle of the Kazakhs at that time but also by the language policies pursued by Tsarist Russia and its practices regarding minority languages. It can be said that Ibıray Altınsarin’s proximity to N.I. Ilminskiy, who formulated and managed Russia’s policies on minority languages, played a role in his publication of the first literary work in Kazakh. The Cyrillic alphabet used in the work undeniably contains phonetic elements that distinguish Kazakh, as an oral-based language of the Turkic family, from other Turkic languages. This alphabet also influenced the development of the Arabic-based Kazakh alphabet prepared by Ahmet Baytursınulı and the Latin-based alphabet adopted in 1926. It is evident that the pressure and imposition of the Soviet Union played a significant role in shaping the modern Kazakh written language, particularly with the adoption of the Russian-based Cyrillic alphabet in 1940.
Journal Article