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"Alsace-Lorraine"
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The return of Alsace to France, 1918-1939
In 1918, the end of the First World War triggered the return of Alsace and Lorraine to France after almost fifty years of annexation into the German Empire. Enthusiastic crowds in Paris and Alsace celebrated the return of the 'lost provinces', but return proved far more difficult than expected. Over the following two decades, politicians, administrators, industrialists, cultural elites, and others grappled with the question of how to make the region French again. Differences of opinion emerged, and reintegration rapidly descended into a multi-faceted struggle as voices at the Parisian centre, the Alsatian periphery, and outside France's borders offered their views on how to introduce French institutions and systems into its lost borderland. Throughout these discussions, the border itself shaped the process of reintegration, by generating contact and tensions between populations on the two sides of the boundary line, and by shaping expectations of what it meant to be French and Alsatian. This book is the first comprehensive account of the return of Alsace to France which treats the border as a driver of change. It draws upon national, regional, and local archives to follow the difficult process of Alsace's reintegration into French society, culture, political and economic systems, and legislative and administrative institutions.
Book
War and Punishment
What makes wars drag on and why do they end when they do? Here H. E. Goemans brings theoretical rigor and empirical depth to a long-standing question of securities studies. He explores how various government leaders assess the cost of war in terms of domestic politics and their own postwar fates. Goemans first develops the argument that two sides will wage war until both gain sufficient knowledge of the other's strengths and weaknesses so as to agree on the probable outcome of continued war. Yet the incentives that motivate leaders to then terminate war, Goemans maintains, can vary greatly depending on the type of government they represent. The author looks at democracies, dictatorships, and mixed regimes and compares the willingness among leaders to back out of wars or risk the costs of continued warfare.
Democracies, according to Goemans, will prefer to withdraw quickly from a war they are not winning in order to appease the populace. Autocracies will do likewise so as not to be overthrown by their internal enemies. Mixed regimes, which are made up of several competing groups and which exclude a substantial proportion of the people from access to power, will likely see little risk in continuing a losing war in the hope of turning the tide. Goemans explores the conditions and the reasoning behind this \"gamble for resurrection\" as well as other strategies, using rational choice theory, statistical analysis, and detailed case studies of Germany, Britain, France, and Russia during World War I. In so doing, he offers a new perspective of the Great War that integrates domestic politics, international politics, and battlefield developments.
eBook
Riots, Revolution, and Cultural Productivity
This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.
Journal Article
Lotharingien und das Papsttum im Fruh- und Hochmittelalter: Wechselwirkungen im Grenzraum zwischen Germania und Gallia
Lotharingien, einst Kernlandschaft des karolingischen Groreichs, spater Rand- und Kontaktzone zwischen den Konigreichen Deutschland und Frankreich ist Gegenstand des vorliegenden Sammelbandes. Die Beitrage widmen sich den wechselseitigen Beziehungen zwischen den kirchlichen Institutionen der Region und dem Papsttum. Dabei entstehen nicht nur dichte Beschreibungen dieser Kontakte, ihrer Intensitaten, Anlasse und Konjunkturen im fruhen und hohen Mittelalter, sondern zugleich Ansatze einer regionalen Quellenkunde. Beides mag Anstoe geben zu einer systematischen Erforschung der Papstbeziehungen dieser Impulslandschaft im Herzen Europas und damit Perspektiven eroffnen fur eine kunftige Lotharingia pontificia.
eBook
War Memorials in Sedan and Metz: The Evolution of War Memorialization in Eastern France
Between 1871 and 1945, in the course of three conflicts control of Eastern France passed between France and Germany four times. With changes in rule came changes in perspective on the different conflicts, particularly in terms of commemoration. The evolution of war memorials from the areas of Sedan and Metz between 1871 and 1939 can be seen to demonstrate the dramatic changes in attitudes towards war memorialization as a process in its own right. Three phases of memorialization are investigated: firstly, the initial period of commemoration following the Franco-Prussian War; secondly, the period of commemoration which began almost twenty years after this conflict; and finally, the period following the First World War.
Journal Article
What memory for soldiers of the First World War from Alsace and Lorraine?
In studying the First World War in France, soldiers from Alsace and Lorraine hold a special place. Unlike those from other regions, the vast majority of soldiers from Alsace and Lorraine fought for the other side, within the German Army, before becoming French after 1918. A century later, the general public has largely forgotten this singularity, with such soldiers being assimilated to the national figure of the 'Poilu', or First World War infantryman. When they are not merely forgotten, such soldiers are remembered as men forced to wear the German uniform to fight against their true homeland, France. However, recent historiography, as well as projects carried out as part of the First World War centenary, now tend to give a more nuanced view of this national interpretation of their wartime experience. Nevertheless, we can wonder why and how this image became set in the nation's memory. This is what we endeavour to analyse in this paper, by attempting to trace this constructed memory back to its origins and to follow how it has evolved until today. //ABSTRACT IN FRENCH: Dans l'étude de la Première Guerre mondiale en France, les soldats alsaciens-lorrains tiennent une place particulière. Contrairement aux soldats des autres régions, ils ont en effet combattu en grande majorité dans le camp adverse, au sein de l'armée allemande, avant de devenir français après 1918. Un siècle plus tard, cette singularité a largement été oubliée du grand public, et fondue dans la figure nationale du poilu. Quand ce n'est pas le cas, on s'en souvient encore comme d'hommes contraints de porter l'uniforme allemand pour combattre leur patrie de cur, la France. Or, l'historiographie récente, de même que nombre de projets menés dans le cadre du centenaire, tendent aujourd'hui à nuancer cette lecture nationale de leur expérience de guerre. On peut toutefois se demander pourquoi et comment cette image s'est fixée dans la mémoire nationale. C'est ce que nous nous proposons d'analyser dans cet article, en tentant de remonter aux origines de cette construction mémorielle et en suivant ses évolutions jusqu'à nos jours. Reproduced by permission of Bibliothèque de Sciences Po
Journal Article
\Sad Era, Villainous Affair\: The Dreyfus Affair in the Notebooks of Henri Vever
This article analyzes representations of the Dreyfus Affair in the private diaries written between 1898 and 1901 by Henri Vever, a prominent Art Nouveau jeweler, art collector, and small-town mayor. The important place accorded the Affair in these \"ordinary writings\" by an individual with no direct engagement in it offers an opportunity to assess how historical events become enmeshed with private life, mentality and sociability. Further, Vever's notebooks reveal position taking during the Affair as a complex phenomenon, in Vever's case influenced by circumstances encompassing his identity as both a native of Lorraine, marked by France's defeat in 1870, and a Republican notable and Parisian businessman. While Vever's notebooks corroborate some standard themes of Dreyfus Affair historiography, including the importance of the press and the eclipsing of the Affair by the 1900 World's Fair, they also nuance the idea of a rigid ideological division between Dreyfusards and anti-Dreyfusards.
Journal Article
Essai chronologique sur les moeurs, coutumes et usages anciens les plus remarquables dans la Lorraine
Extrait: \"L'année, sous les rois d'Austrasie de la race mérovingienne, commençait comme dans les royaumes de France ou de Neustrie d'Orléans et de Soissons, le 1er mars, jour fixé pour la revue des troupes et la nomination des magistrats chez les Germains et les Francs. Kalendis martiis nominationes fieri.\" À PROPOS DES ÉDITIONS LIGARAN: Les éditions LIGARAN proposent des versions numériques de grands classiques de la littérature ainsi que des livres rares, dans les domaines suivants: • Fiction: roman, poésie, théâtre, jeunesse, policier, libertin.
• Non fiction: histoire, essais, biographies, pratiques.
eBook