Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background It is common to see patients who need orthodontic treatment but with insufficient alveolar bone volume. However, safe and effective tooth movement requires sufficient alveolar bone width and height. The aim of this study is to compare the bone augmentation efficacy of Autologous Partially Demineralized Dentin Matrix (APDDM) and Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) in orthodontic patients with insufficient bone by using a randomized controlled clinical trial approach. Materials and methods Twenty-seven orthodontic patients involving 40 posterior teeth alveolar sites ( n  = 40) with insufficient alveolar bone volume were randomly divided into a control group ( n  = 20) and an experimental group ( n  = 20). The patients in the experimental group were treated with APDDM, and those in the control group were treated with DBBM. After surgery, the adjacent teeth are moved toward the bone grafting sites according to the orthodontic treatment plan. Patients completed a postoperative response questionnaire by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score to indicate pain and swelling in the bone grafted area at the time of suture removal; and CBCT scans were conducted before surgery, 6 months and 2 years after surgery to assess changes in buccal and central alveolar heights, as well as widths at the alveolar ridge apex and 3 mm, 5 mm below the apex, respectively. The CBCT image sequences were imported into Mimics 21.0 software in DICOM format. The data of the patients in both groups were collected and analyzed by SPSS 25.0. Results The VAS scores were significantly lower in the APDDM group than in the DBBM group ( p  < 0.05). Significant increases were observed in alveolar bone height and width at 6 months and 2 years postoperative ( p  < 0.05); At 2 years, the APDDM group exhibited a reduction in buccal crest height and in 3 mm, 5 mm width below alveolar ridge apex, relative to 6 months ( p  < 0.05), while the DBBM group showed a decrease only in the central height of the alveolar bone ( p  < 0.05). There was a significant bone augmentation increase found only 3 mm below the alveolar ridge apex in the APDDM group compared with the DBBM group among all 6 months group comparison ( p  < 0.05). At 2 years, the augmentation effects were similar across both groups ( p  > 0.05). Conclusion Radiomics analysis indicates that APDDM serves as a viable bone augmentation material for orthodontic patients with insufficient alveolar bone volume, achieving comparable clinical efficacy to DBBM. Additionally, APDDM is associated with a milder postoperative response than DBBM. The registration number (TRN) ChiCTR2400084607.

This study evaluated the clinical, radiographic, and histological outcomes of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) using collagen sponge with xenografts (CS + Xenografts) versus collagen sponge (CS) alone, compared to spontaneous healing. 36 extraction sockets were randomly allocated into three groups: Group I (CS + Xenografts), Group II (CS alone), and Group III (control) spontaneous healing. Soft tissue assessment and CBCT imaging were conducted before tooth extraction (baseline) and 6 months post-extraction, followed by histologic and histomorphometric analysis of bone biopsies. Groups I and II exhibited minimal vertical and horizontal soft tissue changes compared to the control group ( P  < 0.001), with no statistically significant difference between Group I and II ( P  ≥ 0.05). Vertical and horizontal bone resorption was significantly lower in Groups I and II than in the control group ( P  < 0.001), with no statistically significant difference between Groups I and II regarding vertical bone loss ( P  = 0.477 and 0.108, respectively); percent of changes were 8.68 ± 2.69 and 8.61 ± 2.14 respectively. The greatest reduction in alveolar bone width was observed at 1 mm: 17.81 ± 3.97 (Group I), 19 ± 2.77 (Group II), and 41.79 ± 10.3 (Group III); overall P  < 0.001. Histologically, Group I had the highest area% of lamellar bone and no residual inflammation, followed by Group II, which showed more inflammation; Group III had the lowest area% of lamellar bone. Intervention techniques were clinically and radiographically proven effective in ARP, however, CS + Xenografts histological results showed more lamellar bone and less residual inflammations.

Background The effectiveness of alveolar ridge preservation on bone regeneration and tissue healing has been thoroughly documented in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the peri-implant soft and hard tissue changes after alveolar ridge preservation using either platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) over a 12-month period following the prosthetic loading of implants. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 40 individuals were recruited for alveolar ridge preservation using (1) FDBA or (2) PRF in incisal/premolar areas. At two follow-up sessions (six- and 12-months post-implant insertion), radiographic imaging and clinical examinations assessed marginal bone loss and soft tissue factors, including gingival recession and bleeding on probing. The differences between study groups were analyzed using Generalized estimating Equations, the Binary logistic regression model, and Cochran’s Q test. Results There was a statistically significant difference regarding gingival recession at both follow-up evaluations; values in the PRF group were considerably lower compared to the FDBA group ( p  < 0.05). The mean values for vertical marginal bone loss and bleeding on probing showed no significant differences between the two study groups ( p  > 0.05). Conclusions Except for gingival recession, applying PRF yielded comparable clinical results to FDBA after one year of implant loading and could be recommended as a potential biomaterial for alveolar ridge preservation following tooth extractions. Clinical trial registration The research protocol was registered in the Protocol Registration and Results System on 13/08/2021, available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT05005377).

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of concentrated growth factors (CGF) combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) on Alveolar ridge preservation during implantology. Methods A total of 38 patients were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, with 19 cases in each group. The extraction sockets were filled with DBBM with or without CGF. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score was recorded within1 week and Landry wound healing index (LWHI) was recorded at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after operation. CBCT was taken preoperatively and 3 and 6 months postoperatively to measure and compare the changes of vertical height, width and gray value of alveolar bone at extraction site. The changes of alveolar bone contour were observed clinically and compared between the two groups. Results The VAS score of CGF group was lower than control group on the 1st and 3rd day after operation ( P  < 0.05). The LWHI of CGF group was higher than control group 1 week after operation ( P  < 0.05). The absorption of the labial and palatal plates height and the width in the CGF group was significantly less than the control group at 3 months ( P  < 0.05). The gray value of alveolar bone in CGF group was significantly higher than control group at 3 months ( P  < 0.05). There was no significant difference in new bone contour between the two groups ( P  > 0.05). 94.7% cases in CGF group did not undergo bone grafting, which was significantly higher than control group (78.9%). Conclusions The use of CGF combined with DBBM can help to reduce postoperative pain at the early stage of healing, form sufficient keratinized gingival tissue, effectively maintain the height and width of alveolar bone in the three-dimensional direction and provide good conditions for implant repair in the future.

Objectives NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical part of the innate immune system and plays an important role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, the effects of NLRP3 inflammasome on periodontitis have not been fully studied. Materials and methods We used ligature‐induced periodontitis models of NLRP3 knockout mice (NLRP3KO) and their wildtype (WT) littermates to compare their alveolar bone phenotypes. We further used Lysm‐Cre/RosanTnG mouse to trace the changes of Lysm‐Cre+ osteoclast precursors in ligature‐induced periodontitis with or without MCC950 treatment. At last, we explored MCC950 as a potential drug for the treatment of periodontitis in vivo and in vitro. Results Here, we showed that the number of osteoclast precursors, osteoclast differentiation and alveolar bone loss were reduced in NLRP3KO mice compared with WT littermates, by using ligature‐induced periodontitis model. Next, MCC950, a specific inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, was used to inhibit osteoclast precursors differentiation into osteoclast. Further, we used Lysm‐Cre/RosanTnG mice to demonstrate that MCC950 decreases the number of Lysm‐Cre+ osteoclast precursors in ligature‐induced periodontitis. At last, treatment with MCC950 significantly suppressed alveolar bone loss with reduced IL‐1β activation and osteoclast differentiation in ligature‐induced periodontitis. Conclusion Our findings reveal that NLRP3 regulates alveolar bone loss in ligature‐induced periodontitis by promoting osteoclastic differentiation. NLRP3 Regulates Alveolar Bone Loss in Ligature‐induced Periodontitis by Promoting Osteoclastic Differentiation. Bacterial infection in periodontal tissues leads to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in osteoclast precursor cells, which promotes osteoclast differentiation and alveolar bone resorption. Thus, NLRP3 inflammasome contribute significantly to the pathologic bone loss in periodontitis. MCC950, a specific inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, inhibits osteoclast differentiation, thereby reduces alveolar bone loss in periodontitis.

Objectives To assess and compare the clinical, radiological, and histological outcomes of socket seal surgery between two protocols: deproteinized demineralized tooth matrix (dpDTM) and freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) each covered with a free gingival graft. Materials and methods Twenty extraction sockets in the anterior or premolar region were randomly allocated to either the dpDTM or FDBA protocol ( n  = 10 per group). Measurements of the alveolar ridge changes were obtained using an intraoral scanner and cone-beam computed tomography at 3 months post-operation. Three-month post surgery, the dental implant was installed ( n  = 5 per group), bone biopsies were obtained for histomorphometrical and micro-computed tomography analyses. Implant stability quotients (ISQs) were determined and compared at 3 months post-implant. Results Lower significant reductions in buccal alveolar ridge height and hard tissue volume were observed in dpDTM group compared to FDBA group at 3 months (0.25 ± 0.35 mm vs. 1.60 ± 0.66 mm [ p  = .000] and 9.64 ± 15.39% mm 3 vs. 31.45 ± 18.11% mm 3 [ p  = .010], respectively). At the same time, lower soft tissue volume reduction was detected in the dpDTM group compared to FDBA group (4.21 ± 5.25% mm 3 vs. 5.25 ± 5.79% mm 3 ). No statistically significant difference in the percentage of mineralized tissue formation was found between dpDTM group (53.39 ± 11.16%) and FDBA group (49.90 ± 3.27%). Even though the ISQ in the dpDTM group showed a higher value than the FDBA group at 3 months post-implant, the results were without statistical significance. Conclusions Alveolar ridge preservation using dpDTM is an efficacious procedure for providing the conditions for the development of functional and esthetic implants.

Objectives The current literature lacks the effect of melatonin loaded nanoparticles (LNPs) as local drug delivery (LDD) in the treatment of periodontitis. Hence, the aim of the current study is to investigate the clinical and radiographic effects of melatonin LNPs in patients with periodontal intrabony defects. Methods The current study was performed on healthy patients with periodontal intrabony defects. The participants were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group 1 received scaling and root planing (SRP) with melatonin LNPs, group 2 received placebo gel with SRP, and group 3 received SRP and chitosan LNPs. The primary outcomes included the radiographic measurements of the bone defects to evaluate the bone fill after 6 months. The secondary outcomes included the following clinical parameters; clinical attachment level (CAL), periodontal probing depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). The clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Results The current study included 67 patients with periodontal intrabony defects. All the study groups demonstrated significant improvements in all the clinical outcomes (CAL, PPD, PI, and GI) (P < 0.05). Melatonin LNPs group revealed the most significant improvement of the radiographic outcomes after 6 months including bone defect height and depth, alveolar crest level, and the buccolingual and mesiodistal width of bone defects) (P < 0.05), followed by chitosan group while insignificant changes were detected in the placebo group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Melatonin LNPs as a LDD can act as a promising therapeutic modality in treating periodontal intrabony defects through significant improvement of the clinical and radiographic outcomes.

SummaryOur goal was to evaluate alveolar bone healing in OVX mice, and to assess the functional utility of a WNT-based treatment to accelerate healing in mice with an osteoporotic-like bony phenotype.IntroductionIs osteoporosis a risk factor for dental procedures? This relatively simple question is exceedingly difficult to answer in a clinical setting, for two reasons. First, as an age-related disease, osteoporosis is frequently accompanied by age-related co-morbidities that can contribute to slower tissue repair. Second, the intervals at which alveolar bone repair are assessed in a clinical study are often measured in months to years. This study aimed to evaluate alveolar bone repair in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and provide preclinical evidence to support a WNT-based treatment to accelerate alveolar bone formation.MethodsOVX was performed in young mice to produce an osteoporotic-like bone phenotype. Thereafter, the rate of extraction socket healing and osteotomy repair was assessed. A liposomal WNT3A treatment was tested for its ability to promote alveolar bone formation in this OVX-induced model of bone loss.ResultsBone loss was observed throughout the murine skeleton, including the maxilla, and mirrored the pattern of bone loss observed in aged mice. Injuries to the alveolar bone, including tooth extraction and osteotomy site preparation, both healed significantly slower than the same injuries produced in young controls. Given sufficient time, however, all injuries eventually healed. In OVX mice, osteotomies healed significantly faster if they were treated with L-WNT3A.ConclusionsAlveolar bone injuries heal slower in OVX mice that exhibit an osteoporotic-like phenotype. The rate of alveolar bone repair in OVX mice can be significantly promoted with local delivery of L-WNT3A.

Ridge resorption can result in insufficient bone volume for implant surgery, necessitating bone substitutes to restore the resorption area. Recent advances in computer-aided design and manufacturing enable the use of alloplastic bone graft materials with customizable compositions or shapes. This randomized study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of a customized three-dimensional (3D) printed alloplastic bone material. Sixty patients requiring guided bone regeneration for implant installation following tooth extraction due to alveolar bone resorption were recruited at two institutions. The participants were randomly allocated to either a group that received 3D-printed patient-customized bone graft material or a group that received conventional block bone graft material. Implant installation with bone harvesting was performed approximately 5 months after bone grafting. Histological and radiological assessments of the harvested bone area were performed. The experimental group had a significantly higher percent bone volume and a smaller tissue surface than the control group. Bone volume, bone surface, bone surface/volume ratio, bone surface density (bone surface/total volume), and bone mineral density did not differ significantly between groups. Patient-customized bone graft materials offer convenience and reduce patient discomfort. The findings suggest 3D-printed patient-customized bone graft materials could be used as an alternative for simpler bone grafting procedures.

Background Ridge resorption following tooth extraction may be reduced by alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). Previous randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews have suggested that autogenous tooth bone graft (ATB) can be an effective alternative material for ARP. However, the results are heterogeneous. Therefore, our research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ATB in ARP. Methods A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE and Scopus for studies published from inception to 31 November 2021. We searched searched for randomized, non-randomized controlled trials and case series reporting on ATB use for ARP. The primary outcome was the ridge width difference pre- and post-surgery, measured in millimetres (mm) measured on CBCT (cone beam computed tomography). The secondary outcomes were the histological results. We followed the PRISMA2020 recommendations for reporting our systematic review and meta-analysis. Results The analysis included eight studies for the primary and six for the secondary outcomes. The meta-analysis revealed a positive ridge preservation effect with a pooled mean difference ridge width change of -0.72 mm. The pooled mean residual graft proportion was 11.61%, and the newly formed bone proportion was 40.23%. The pooled mean of newly formed bone proportion was higher in the group where ATB originated from both the root and crown of the tooth. Conclusions ATB is an effective particulate graft material in ARP. Complete demineralization of the ATB tends to decrease the proportion of newly formed bone. ATB can be an attractive option for ARP. Trial registration The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021287890).