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"American approach"
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Nature and antiquities : the making of archaeology in the Americas
\"Nature and Antiquities examines the relation between the natural sciences, anthropology, and archaeology in the Americas in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Taking the reader across the Americas from the Southern Cone to Canada, across the Andes, the Brazilian Amazon, Mesoamerica, and the United States, the book explores the early history of archaeology from a Pan-American perspective. The volume breaks new ground by entreating archaeologists to acknowledge the importance of ways of knowing that resulted from the study of nature in the history of archaeology. Some of the contributions to this volume trace the part conventions, practices, and concepts from natural history and the natural sciences played in the history and making of the discipline. Others set out to uncover, reassemble, or adjust our vision of collections that research historians of archaeology have disregarded or misrepresented--because their nineteenth-century makers would refuse to comply with today's disciplinary borders and study natural specimens and antiquities in conjunction, under the rubric of the territorial, the curious or the universal. Other contributions trace the sociopolitical implications of studying nature in conjunction with 'indigenous peoples' in the Americas--inquiring into what it meant and entailed to comprehend the inhabitants of the American continent in and through a state of nature\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Science and Technology Policy in the United States
During the latter half of the twentieth century, federal funding in the United States for scientific research and development increased dramatically. Yet despite the infusion of public funds into research centers, the relationship between public policy and research and development remains poorly understood. How does the federal government attempt to harness scientific knowledge and resources for the nation's economic welfare and competitiveness in the global marketplace? Who makes decisions about controversial scientific experiments, such as genetic engineering and space exploration? Who is held accountable when things go wrong? In this lucidly-written introduction to the topic, Sylvia Kraemer draws upon her extensive experience in government to develop a useful and powerful framework for thinking about the American approach to shaping and managing scientific innovation. Kraemer suggests that the history of science, technology, and politics is best understood as a negotiation of ongoing tensions between open and closed systems. Open systems depend on universal access to information that is complete, verifiable, and appropriately used. Closed systems, in contrast, are composed of unique and often proprietary features, which are designed to control usage. From the Constitution's patent clause to current debates over intellectual property, stem cells, and internet regulation, Kraemer shows the promise-as well as the limits-of open systems in advancing scientific progress as well as the nation's economic vitality.
eBook
The rule counts! Acquisition of mathematical competencies with a number board game
The study evaluates the linear number board game 100 House. Taking into account Krajewski's (2003, 2013) development model of mathematical competencies, this game supports the development of mathematical competencies in 6-year-old children. The board game design is based on the American cognitive alignment framework approach and aims to enhance the number board game Race to Space (Laski & Siegler, 2014). German 6-year-old children (N = 48) received four game-playing sessions, either counting on from their current position on the board game (count-on condition) or counting their steps from one (count-from-1 condition). In a pretest, posttest, and follow-up session, children's mathematical performance was assessed. The results show that playing the game led to stable improvements, especially in mathematical competencies of the first and second level of the underlying development model. Children in the count-on condition displayed a greater benefit. Supporting mathematical competencies by playing number board games is discussed.
Journal Article
Enfoques de política exterior norteamericanos vs. latinoamericanos: niveles y unidades de análisis
Este artículo contrasta el entendimiento de la academia latinoamericana de la interacción de niveles y unidades de análisis de política exterior con el de sus homólogos norteamericanos. La metodología para dar alcance a este objetivo se soportará en análisis documental de fuentes académicas. Se concluye que la actualización en los debates contemporáneos y la reconstrucción de redes académicas son pasos deseables a seguir de parte de los estudiosos latinoamericanos en busca de ofrecer propuestas innovadoras.
Journal Article
Epilogue
This chapter focuses on New York Times reporter Adam Liptak, who wrote that the “United States leads the world in producing prisoners, a reflection of a relatively recent and now entirely distinctive American approach to crime and punishment.” More than two million people live behind bars in America. As a columnist in the Guardian has put it, the United States now has more prisoners than Lutherans, more inmates than farmers. Liptak's article focused on the recent turn toward longer prison sentences to account for the soaring statistics. Compared to their counterparts in other developed countries, American judges and juries dole out long terms. Criminologists point to this development, along with the nation's drug war, racial legacy, and absence of a strong social welfare system to account for the statistics, including their impact on racial minorities.
Book Chapter
