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With the increasing use of sensitive loads in frequency converters and in relays in distribution networks, voltage sag has become a major power quality issue that urgently needs to be solved. For the purpose of improving the understanding of voltage sag severity in distribution networks, a comprehensive weight-based severity evaluation method of voltage sag is presented in this paper. First, a multi-side index system that takes into account the combined influence of the source, network, and the load is established. A comprehensive weight method, which combines the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) and the entropy method, is then adopted to determine the index weight. The weight of each index and the degree of superiority are linearly weighted to obtain the severity of voltage sag at different observation points. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using a distribution network model established in DIgSILENT PowerFactory (15.1.7, Gomaringen, Germany).

Global urbanization and increasing water demand make efficient water resource management crucial. This study employs Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) to evaluate smart city water management strategies. We use representative criteria, employ objective judgment, assign weights through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and score strategies based on meeting these criteria. We find that the “Effectiveness and Risk Management” criterion carries the highest weight (15.28%), underscoring its pivotal role in strategy evaluation and robustness. Medium-weight criteria include “Resource Efficiency, Equity, and Social Considerations” (10.44%), “Integration with Existing Systems, Technological Feasibility, and Ease of Implementation” (10.10%), and “Environmental Impact” (9.84%) for ecological mitigation. “Community Engagement and Public Acceptance” (9.79%) recognizes involvement, while “Scalability and Adaptability” (9.35%) addresses changing conditions. “Return on Investment” (9.07%) and “Regulatory and Policy Alignment” (8.8%) balance financial and governance concerns. Two low-weight criteria, “Data Reliability” (8.78%) and “Long-Term Sustainability” (8.55%), stress data accuracy and sustainability. Highly weighted strategies like “Smart Metering and Monitoring, Demand Management, Behavior Change” and “Smart Irrigation Systems” are particularly effective in improving water management in smart cities. However, medium-weighted (e.g., “Educational Campaigns and Public Awareness”, “Policy and Regulation”, “Rainwater Harvesting”, “Offshore Floating Photovoltaic Systems”, “Collaboration and Partnerships”, “Graywater Recycling and Reuse”, and “Distributed Water Infrastructure”) and low-weighted (e.g., “Water Desalination”) strategies also contribute and can be combined with higher-ranked ones to create customized water management approaches for each smart city’s unique context. This research is significant because it addresses urban water resource management complexity, offers a multi-criteria approach to enhance traditional single-focused methods, evaluates water strategies in smart cities comprehensively, and provides a criteria-weight-based resource allocation framework for sustainable decisions, boosting smart city resilience. Note that results may vary based on specific smart city needs and constraints. Future studies could explore factors like climate change on water management in smart cities and consider alternative MCDM methods like TOPSIS or ELECTRE for strategy evaluation.

[Purpose/Significance] Scientific data preservation is the premise of scientific data sharing and utilization, also is the basis of high-quality and efficient service of scientific data. [Method/Process] On the basis of investigating the progress of theoretical research and practice at home and abroad, this paper selects a number of indicators according to the factors that affect the preservation of scientific data, and then improves the index system by the method of expert investigation. \"Scientific data evaluation index system for scientific data preservation\" is constructed. The index system includes eight first-level indicators, such as \"legal factors\", \"reuse value\", and \"data reliability\". There are 32 secondary indicators, such as \"legal requirements\", \"special academic value\", and \"data accuracy\". Finally, the analytic hierarchy process is used to calculate the index weight. [Results/Conclusions] This paper puts forward three suggestions for scientific data management in China, such as actively promoting the legislation of scientific data management, improving the level of scientific research, standardizing academic ethics and improving the quality of scientific data, developing data storage and security technology, and promoting scientific data sharing and long-term preservation.

This research demonstrated a significant method for measuring tourist behavior in terms of social media use for rural mountain region tourism. This study proposed a quantitative method for establishing tourists’ main activities during the travel process when using social media. This study is potentially unique in its application of a predominantly mathematical analysis to measure tourist intentions, which until now have been evaluated mainly on the basis of qualitative analyses. It is now possible to quantitatively measure the activities and ambitions of tourists in rural mountain region tourism. The data was collected from different respondents in the area of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Pakistan. The researchers visited different areas in GB and interviewed the tourists who use social media for tourism. The results of study showed that the majority of tourists are more interested in using social media at the planning stage. Thus, this study contributes to the literature in the sense that it provides a mathematical and statistical model to measure tourist intentions in sustainable rural mountain region tourism.

Currently, there is a lack of systematic and quantitative analytical tools for dust emission control in open-pit iron mines. To address this research gap, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system by integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method. The framework includes four first-level indicators, 12 s-level indicators and 30 third-level indicators. The structural design was informed by laws and regulations, the relevant literature and the principle of dust hierarchical control to ensure the theoretical and empirical basis for the selection of indicators. The evaluation process was based on on-site monitoring data and production ledgers from the open-pit iron mine of the Shuichang Mine, as well as the results of multiple rounds of consultation by the Delphi method group composed of 30 experts in related industries. The results show that the comprehensive score of the mine is 87.14 points, and the overall prevention and control is effective. But the performance of each dimension is unbalanced: fundamental data on production processes scored highest, while individual exposure and protection measures were relatively weak, indicating that the personnel protection link needs to be strengthened. Sensitivity analysis further verified the structural stability of the index system and identified the ventilation and dust removal system as a key driving factor. This framework can provide quantitative decision support for mine managers, enhancing the precision and overall effectiveness of dust control through the accurate identification of weaknesses and optimized resource allocation.

[Purpose / Significance] In recent years, China's trademark agency service industry has been developing rapidly. However, neither national standards nor industry standards have been established for trademark agency services. This study aims to provide insights into the ways of improviding China's trademark agency service quality management. What's worse, the normalization of agency services is unsatisfactory and the quality of agency service is uneven. [Method / Process]Based on the SERVQUAL scale, this paper builds a seven-dimensional evaluation index system of service quality of trademark agent by adding two evaluation indicators, namely \"service remediation\" and \"management information system\". Meanwhile, we took Q Company's trademark agency service business as the research object for empirical analysis. [Results / Conclusions] The result shows that the overall service quality of Q company's trademark agency is acceptable, but there is still room for improvement in the specific seven dimensions of the evaluation index system. On this basis, it proposes the improvement measures for the establishment of a comprehensive service quality management system, the establishment of a standard system for agency service, the further optimization of the management information system and the improvement of the comprehensive service capabilities of personnel.

In recent years, terrible natural disasters erupt frequently on a global scale, and many countries attempt to create positive national images through disaster reports. However, there is no systematic evaluation model to measure whether the national image is successfully shaped through disaster reports. With the method of expert interviews and surveys, the study defined several levels of the primary factors that affect national image in disaster reports. In addition, using the method of analytic hierarchy process, we established the national image theoretical evaluation model in disaster reports, and determined the evaluation index weights.

Purpose: To reduce the subjective prejudice and uncertainty in evaluating product quality. Design/methodology/approach: AHP method is used to analyze the structure of product quality evaluation problem and determine weights for evaluation criteria. After structure judge matrix, sequencing calculation and concordance examination, evaluation methods such as fuzzy synthesis evaluation are used to calculate the integrated quality evaluation result of each product. Findings: A new model is proposed by comprehensively using AHP method, weighted comprehensive evaluation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. A practical example of a product has been used to illustrate the theoretical qualitative proposed evaluation model. Practical implications: The result of this research offers a new method for the enterprises production quality management. Originality/value: Using AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in building product quality evaluation system.

Land evaluation is important for assessing environmental limitations that inhibit higher yield and productivity in tea. The aim of this research was to determine the suitable lands for sustainable tea production in the northeastern part of Bangladesh using phenological datasets from remote sensing, geospatial datasets of soil–plant biophysical properties, and expert opinions. Sentinel-2 satellite images were processed to obtain layers for land use and land cover (LULC) as well as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) were used to generate the elevation layer. Other vector and raster layers of edaphic, climatic parameters, and vegetation indices were processed in ArcGIS 10.7.1® software. Finally, suitability classes were determined using weighted overlay of spatial analysis based on reclassified raster layers of all parameters along with the results from multicriteria analysis. The results of the study showed that only 41,460 hectares of land (3.37% of the total land) were in the highly suitable category. The proportions of moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable land categories for tea cultivation in the Sylhet Division were 9.01%, 49.87%, and 37.75%, respectively. Thirty-one tea estates were located in highly suitable areas, 79 in moderately suitable areas, 24 in marginally suitable areas, and only one in a not suitable area. Yield estimation was performed with the NDVI (R2 = 0.69, 0.66, and 0.67) and the LAI (R2 = 0.68, 0.65, and 0.63) for 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. This research suggests that satellite remote sensing and GIS application with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) could be used by agricultural land use planners and land policy makers to select suitable lands for increasing tea production.