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Anatomy: Exploring the Human Body' is a visually compelling survey of more than 5,000 years of image-making. Through 300 remarkable works, selected and curated by an international panel of anatomists, curators, academics, and specialists, the book chronicles the intriguing visual history of human anatomy, showcasing its amazing complexity and our ongoing fascination with the systems and functions of our bodies. Exploring individual parts of the human body from head to toe, and revealing the intricate functions of body systems, such as the nerves, muscles, organs, digestive system, brain, and senses, this authoritative book presents iconic examples alongside rarely seen, breathtaking works. The 300 entries are arranged with juxtapositions of contrasting and complementary illustrations to allow for thought-provoking, lively, and stimulating reading.

Fleshing out surfaces is the first English-language book on skin and flesh tones in art. It considers flesh and skin in art theory, image making and medical discourse in seventeenth to nineteenth-century France. Describing a gradual shift between the early modern and the modern period, it argues that what artists made when imitating human nakedness was not always the same. Initially understood in terms of the body's substance, of flesh tones and body colour, it became increasingly a matter of skin, skin colour and surfaces. Each chapter is dedicated to a different notion of skin and its colour, from flesh tones via a membrane imbued with nervous energy to hermetic borderline. Looking in particular at works by Fragonard, David, Girodet, Benoist and Ingres, the focus is on portraits, as facial skin is a special arena for testing painterly skills and a site where the body and the image become equally expressive.

A new history of the medieval illustrations that birthed modern anatomy. This book is the first history of medieval European anatomical images. Richly illustrated, The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe explores the many ways in which medieval surgeons, doctors, monks, and artists understood and depicted human anatomy. Taylor McCall refutes the common misconception that Renaissance artists and anatomists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius were the fathers of anatomy who performed the first human dissections. On the contrary, she argues that these Renaissance figures drew upon centuries of visual and written tradition in their works.

Human brain atlases have been evolving tremendously, propelled recently by brain big projects, and driven by sophisticated imaging techniques, advanced brain mapping methods, vast data, analytical strategies, and powerful computing. We overview here this evolution in four categories: content, applications, functionality, and availability, in contrast to other works limited mostly to content. Four atlas generations are distinguished: early cortical maps, print stereotactic atlases, early digital atlases, and advanced brain atlas platforms, and 5 avenues in electronic atlases spanning the last two generations. Content-wise, new electronic atlases are categorized into eight groups considering their scope, parcellation, modality, plurality, scale, ethnicity, abnormality, and a mixture of them. Atlas content developments in these groups are heading in 23 various directions. Application-wise, we overview atlases in neuroeducation, research, and clinics, including stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, neuroradiology, neurology, and stroke. Functionality-wise, tools and functionalities are addressed for atlas creation, navigation, individualization, enabling operations, and application-specific. Availability is discussed in media and platforms, ranging from mobile solutions to leading-edge supercomputers, with three accessibility levels. The major application-wise shift has been from research to clinical practice, particularly in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, although clinical applications are still lagging behind the atlas content progress. Atlas functionality also has been relatively neglected until recently, as the management of brain data explosion requires powerful tools. We suggest that the future human brain atlas-related research and development activities shall be founded on and benefit from a standard framework containing the core virtual brain model cum the brain atlas platform general architecture.

This book offers 87 of Da Vinci's finest and most important studies of the human body, with full scientific and art-historical explanations and discussions.

  Digital brain atlases are used in neuroscience to characterize the spatial organization of neuronal structures [1]-[3], for planning and guidance during neurosurgery [4], [5], and as a reference for interpreting other modalities such as gene expression or proteomic data [6]-[9]. Clockwise from upper left, resources may include neuroanatomic reference atlases, large-scale gene expression databases, developmental databases, MRI and DTI imaging, histological data, analysis tools, online applications, and other 3-D anatomic models.

Since it was first published in 1964, Professor Gottfried Bammes' Die Gestalt des Menschen has been considered the definitive book for artists learning to draw the human form. Deconstructing the body into its smallest components, Bammes asserts the importance of learning the structure of bones, muscles and parts in order to accurately draw a human figure. Whilst the original German has been sought after in the English speaking world, a translation has been long lamented. Now, for the first time, Bammes' most famous work has been translated by Search Press into the English language. Faithfully reproduced in translation, with over 540 original diagrams, drawings and photographs, and spanning over 500 pages, new and experienced artists can finally drink in the vast knowledge lovingly presented by the late professor.

Key Points Brain atlases are reference systems that associate neuroanatomical labels (nomenclature) with canonical representations of anatomy in a three-dimensional coordinate system. These systems commonly integrate multisubject data from many different sources (for example, histology, functional MRI and positron emission tomography), and could provide statistical representations of anatomy and function in whole populations. Initially, brain atlases were purely neuroanatomical, based on a single, often sparsely sampled, representative example. Now, brain atlases include population statistics on structure, gene expression, receptor patterns or connectivity over time. Modern cytoarchitectonic studies are using computational methods to pool information across subjects on such features as receptor distributions, myelination characteristics and cellular content. Correlations between functional activation and the underlying cyto- or myeloarchitecture can then be tested by using these architectural maps to define regions of interest in functional imaging studies. Integration of cytoarchitectural maps from many subjects has allowed classical maps to be re-evaluated and corrected. It has also led to a quantitative description of the intersubject variability of cytoarchitectonic areas and to the discovery of hitherto unknown cytoarchitectonic areas in the intraparietal, secondary somatosensory and extrastriate cortex. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a new source of image contrast to map white matter integrity and connectivity, and has opened up new opportunities for brain mapping and atlasing. Population-based atlases can average anatomical features across individuals, revealing generic features that are not identifiable in individual representations owing to their considerable variability. They have identified group-specific patterns of brain structure in Alzheimer's disease, HIV/AIDS, schizophrenia, in methamphetamine users, and in developmental disorders such as fetal alcohol syndrome and Williams syndrome. Brain atlases are beginning to be used in clinical studies, including drug trials of antipsychotics or mood stabilizers, to investigate factors that influence disease expression and therapeutic response. In the next decade, population-based atlases will probably gain widespread applicability in genetic studies. Data from twins and those at genetic risk for specific diseases have been incorporated into brain atlasing studies to discover previously unknown effects on the brain of variations at specific genetic loci. Brain atlases have existed for centuries; however, these traditional atlases have many limitations, which promise to be overcome with new brain imaging techniques. Toga and colleagues highlight exciting advances in brain mapping technology and the ongoing progress towards integrative multimodal atlases. Atlases of the human brain have an important impact on neuroscience. The emergence of ever more sophisticated imaging techniques, brain mapping methods and analytical strategies has the potential to revolutionize the concept of the brain atlas. Atlases can now combine data describing multiple aspects of brain structure or function at different scales from different subjects, yielding a truly integrative and comprehensive description of this organ. These integrative approaches have provided significant impetus for the human brain mapping initiatives, and have important applications in health and disease.