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A new mycoheterotrophic species, , is described and illustrated. This species inhabits a hill dipterocarp forest in mountains of eastern Peninsular Malaysia. differs from other species by the following features: tepals equal in size and shape with different length of their appendages, appendages of the outer tepals shorter than those of the inner tepals (3.5 mm vs. ca. 26-32 mm long), stamen supraconnective at apex with three long filiform appendages and two acute appendages, and the margins of individual connectives abaxially raised into a conspicuous rib. With respect to floral morphology, should be placed to Thismiasubsect.Odoardoa. According to the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red List, is provisionally classified as Critically Endangered (CR).

Walsuraguangxiensis (Meliaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China, is here described and illustrated. The new species is easily distinguishable from the other two Chinese members of the genus by its petals being pale yellow, filaments being connate into tubes above the middle, the berry being oval and glabrous. An identification key of Walsura for 17 species is also provided.Walsuraguangxiensis (Meliaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China, is here described and illustrated. The new species is easily distinguishable from the other two Chinese members of the genus by its petals being pale yellow, filaments being connate into tubes above the middle, the berry being oval and glabrous. An identification key of Walsura for 17 species is also provided.

is herein described as a new deciduous species endemic to riparian habitats in Jiuzhaigou, northern Sichuan, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete plastome sequences and 322 nuclear loci consistently recover as a distinct and divergent lineage, genetically separated from all morphologically similar species and most closely related to . Species delimitation analyses employing both topology-based (SODA) and substitution-based (bPTP, mPTP) frameworks further corroborate its taxonomic distinctiveness. This discovery highlights previously overlooked species diversity within in the Hengduan Mountains region.

A new species of from Vietnam - - is described, illustrated, and compared with the similar . differs from by the length of peduncle (3-4 mm vs. 10-13 mm), hairs on corolla lobe margin (absent vs. present), shape of seed (broadly ovate vs. ovate-oblong), shape of scale with 2 prominent longitudinal ridges on corolla tube (lanceolate vs. linear), and length of seeds (9-10 mm vs. 13-15 mm). A diagnostic key of the species in Vietnam is also provided.

J.L.Gu & Z.K.Wu, a new species of Primulaceae from Sichuan, China, is described and illustrated. Morphological evidence supports as a member of P.sect.Auganthus, which is characterized by shallowly to deeply lobed leaves covered with hairs, and distinctively broad and flat-bottomed calyx. The new species is characterized by its branched and stout rhizomes usually up to 40 cm, yellow corollas with a distinct fan-shaped reddish-brown blotch at the base of lobes, and short glandular hair on aboveground parts. The distribution, morphological comparison with close related species and conservation status of the new species, as well as a key to the species of Primulasect.Auganthus, are also provided.

The new species is described and illustrated from the Skënderbëut mountain range of central Albania. It grows on the ultramafic mountain slopes around Qafë Shtamë, in the understorey of open forests and in the rocky grasslands above the forest belt, at 1000-1600 m a.s.l. is a serpentine endemic likely belonging to section Elisanthe (Fenzl ex Endl.) Ledeb. and shows affinities with the widespread European species L. It is sharply distinct from the latter species in habit, stem and leaf pubescence, morphology, and biology of the flowers and length of the carpophore. Moreover, the ecology of the two taxa is also contrasting, being a synanthropic-ruderal, mostly in lowlands. Weaker similarities were also observed with the south European subalpine taxa of the group of L. of section Auriculatae (Boiss.) Schischk., though these are not likely to reflect a real systematic affinity.

Biodiversity today has the unusual property that 85% of plant and animal species live on land rather than in the sea, and half of these live in tropical rainforests. Anexplosive boost to terrestrial diversity occurred from c. 100–50 million years ago, the Late Cretaceous and early Palaeogene. During this interval, the Earth-life system on land was reset, and the biosphere expanded to a new level of productivity, enhancing the capacity and species diversity of terrestrial environments. This boost in terrestrial biodiversity coincided with innovations in flowering plant biology and evolutionary ecology, including their flowers and efficiencies in reproduction; coevolution with animals, especially pollinators and herbivores; photosynthetic capacities; adaptability; and ability to modify habitats. The rise of angiosperms triggered a macroecological revolution on land and drove modern biodiversity in a secular, prolonged shift to new, high levels, a series of processes we name here the Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution.

This review specifically focuses on recent progress in hormonal regulation of flower senescence. . Abstract Flowers are highly complex organs that have evolved to enhance the reproductive success of angiosperms. As a key component of flowers, petals play a vital role in attracting pollinators and ensuring successful pollination. Having fulfilled this function, petals senesce through a process that involves many physiological and biochemical changes that also occur during leaf senescence. However, petal senescence is distinct, due to the abundance of secondary metabolites in petals and the fact that petal senescence is irreversible. Various phytohormones are involved in regulating petal senescence, and are thought to act both synergistically and antagonistically. In this regard, there appears to be developmental point during which such regulatory signals are sensed and senescence is initiated. Here, we review current understanding of petal senescence, and discuss associated regulatory mechanisms involving hormone interactions and epigenetic regulation.

In the process of studying the species and its varieties, we discovered a unique taxon of the genus that resembles but differs in having a mostly densely white-strigose stem vestiture (sometimes with spreading trichomes) and tuberculate to muricate nutlets with often whitish tubercles that are, in comparison with typical , larger, with a wider base and more pointed apex, and more densely spaced. We believe this form to be different enough to describe as a new species, . This new species occurs in southwestern North America: in California and Arizona of the United States and in northern Baja California, Mexico. It occurs in mid- to relatively high elevation mountain regions of mostly desert transition/escarpment in the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges, in the Sonoran and Mohave Deserts, and with some populations scattered in the southern Sierra Nevada. We believe this new species to be closely related to , , , and possibly , of series . Detailed molecular phylogenetic are needed to better establish their interrelationships.

A new species of Orchidaceae, , from Xichou County, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The novelty is close to , , and , but differs from them by having a distinct, fleshy anterior callus with a deeply lobed apex at the base of the labellum and lateral lobes of labellum reflexed and facing outward.