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"Animal populations Estimates."
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Wildlife demography : analysis of sex, age, and count data
Wildlife Demography compiles the multitude of available estimation techniques based on sex and age data, and presents these varying techniques in one organized, unified volume. Designed to guide researchers to the most appropriate estimator based upon their particular data set and the desired level of study precision, this book provides quantitative consideration, statistical models, estimator variance, assumptions and examples of use.The authors focus on estimation techniques using sex and age ratios because this data is relatively easy to collect and commonly used by wildlife management * Applicable to a wide array of wildlife species, including game and non-game birds and mammals * Features more than 100 annotated examples illustrating application of statistical methods* Includes more than 640 references of the analysis of nontagging data and the factors that may influence interpretation* Derives historical and ad hoc demographic methods in a modern statistical framework
eBook
Occupancy Estimation and Modeling
Occupancy Estimation and Modeling: Inferring Patterns and Dynamics of Species Occurrence is the first book to examine the latest methods in analyzing presence/absence data surveys. Through the use of four classes of models, single-species, single-season, single-species, multiple season, multiple-species, single-season, multiple-species, and multiple-season, the authors discuss the practical sampling situation, present a likelihood-based model enabling direct estimation of the occupancy-related parameters while also allowing for imperfect detectability, and make recommendations for designing studies using these models. Provides authoritative insights into the latest in estimation modelingThe first text to examine the latest methods in analyzing presence/absence data surveys Discusses multiple models that lay the groundwork for future study designsAddresses critical issues of imperfect detectability and its effects on estimationExplores the role of probability in estimating in detail
eBook
Analysis of Capture-Recapture Data
Written for researchers and students in statistics, ecology, demography, and the social sciences, this book covers many modern developments of capture-recapture and related methods. With an emphasis on ecology, it helps readers understand model formulation and applications, including the technicalities of model diagnostics and checking. A wide range of real examples demonstrates the complexities that arise when describing extensive modern data. The book contains 130 exercises that extend the text and offers data sets, computer programs, and more online.
eBook
Occupancy estimation and modeling
Occupancy Estimation and Modeling is the first book to examine the latest methods in analyzing presence/absence data surveys. Using four classes of models (single-species, single-season; single-species, multiple season; multiple-species, single-season; and multiple-species, multiple-season), the authors discuss the practical sampling situation, present a likelihood-based model enabling direct estimation of the occupancy-related parameters while allowing for imperfect detectability, and make recommendations for designing studies using these models. * Provides authoritative insights into the latest in estimation modeling* Discusses multiple models which lay the groundwork for future study designs* Addresses critical issues of imperfect detectibility and its effects on estimation* Explores the role of probability in estimating in detail
eBook
Uncertainty in Population Estimates for Endangered Animals and Improving the Recovery Process
United States recovery plans contain biological information for a species listed under the Endangered Species Act and specify recovery criteria to provide basis for species recovery. The objective of our study was to evaluate whether recovery plans provide uncertainty (e.g., variance) with estimates of population size. We reviewed all finalized recovery plans for listed terrestrial vertebrate species to record the following data: (1) if a current population size was given, (2) if a measure of uncertainty or variance was associated with current estimates of population size and (3) if population size was stipulated for recovery. We found that 59% of completed recovery plans specified a current population size, 14.5% specified a variance for the current population size estimate and 43% specified population size as a recovery criterion. More recent recovery plans reported more estimates of current population size, uncertainty and population size as a recovery criterion. Also, bird and mammal recovery plans reported more estimates of population size and uncertainty compared to reptiles and amphibians. We suggest the use of calculating minimum detectable differences to improve confidence when delisting endangered animals and we identified incentives for individuals to get involved in recovery planning to improve access to quantitative data.
Journal Article
Monitoring animal populations and their habitats
In the face of so many unprecedented changes in our environment, the pressure is on scientists to lead the way toward a more sustainable future. Written by a team of ecologists, Monitoring Animal Populations and Their Habitats: A Practitioner's Guide provides a framework that natural resource managers and researchers can use to design monitoring programs that will benefit future generations by distilling the information needed to make informed decisions. In addition, this text is valuable for undergraduate- and graduate-level courses that are focused on monitoring animal populations. With the aid of more than 90 illustrations and a four-page color insert, this book offers practical guidance for the entire monitoring process, from incorporating stakeholder input and data collection, to data management, analysis, and reporting. It establishes the basis for why, what, how, where, and when monitoring should be conducted; describes how to analyze and interpret the data; explains how to budget for monitoring efforts; and discusses how to assemble reports of use in decision-making. The book takes a multi-scaled and multi-taxa approach, focusing on monitoring vertebrate populations and upland habitats, but the recommendations and suggestions presented are applicable to a variety of monitoring programs. Lastly, the book explores the future of monitoring techniques, enabling researchers to better plan for the future of wildlife populations and their habitats. Monitoring Animal Populations and Their Habitats: A Practitioner's Guide furthers the goal of achieving a world in which biodiversity is allowed to evolve and flourish in the face of such uncertainties as climate change, invasive species proliferation, land use expansion, and population growth.
eBook
Strong contribution of immigration to local population regulation: evidence from a migratory passerine
A mechanistic understanding of the dynamics of populations requires knowledge about the variation of the underlying demographic rates and about the reasons for their variability. In geographically open populations, immigration is often necessary to prevent declines, but little is known about whether immigration can contribute to its regulation. We studied the dynamics of a Red‐backed Shrike population (Lanius collurio) over 36 years in Germany with a Bayesian integrated population model. We estimated mean and temporal variability of population sizes, productivity, apparent survival, and immigration. We assessed how strongly the demographic rates were correlated with population growth to understand the demographic reasons of population change and how strongly the demographic rates were correlated with population size to identify possible density‐dependent mechanisms. The shrike population varied between 35 and 74 breeding pairs but did not show a significant trend in population size over time (growth rate 1.002 ± 0.001 [mean ± SD]). Apparent survival of females (juveniles 0.06 ± 0.01; adults 0.37 ± 0.03) was lower than that of males (juveniles 0.10 ± 0.01; adults 0.44 ± 0.02). Immigration rates were substantial and higher in females (0.56 ± 0.02) than in males (0.43 ± 0.02), and average productivity was 2.76 ± 0.14. Without immigration, the Red‐backed Shrike population would have declined strongly. Immigration was the strongest driver for the number of females while local recruitment was the most important driver for the number of males. Immigration of both sexes and productivity, but not local recruitment and survival, were subject to density dependence. Density‐dependent productivity was not effectively regulating the local population but may have contributed to regulate shrike populations at larger spatial scales. These findings suggest that immigration is not only an important component to prevent a geographically open population from decline, but that it can also contribute to its regulation.
Journal Article