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"Animals Experiments."
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A kid's book of experiments with animals
\"Details science experiments with animals, including explanations and data\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Effect of low-speed drilling without irrigation on osseointegration: an experimental study in dogs
Objective
To study the early phases of osseointegration at implants installed in sites prepared with either high rotational speed with irrigation or low rotational speed without irrigation.
Material and methods
After 3 months from tooth extraction, two implants were installed in one side of the mandible of twelve dogs. The osteotomies were prepared either at 60 rpm without irrigation or at 750 rpm with refrigeration. Biopsies were obtained after 4 and 8 weeks of healing, six animals each period for histological analyses.
Results
After 4 weeks of healing, new bone percentage in contact with the implant surface (BIC%) was 46.6 ± 7.3% and 43.1 ± 6.8% at the low- and high-speed sites, respectively (
p
= 0.345). After 8 weeks of healing, the fractions increased to 60.0 ± 11.1% and 60.2 ± 6.2%, respectively (
p
= 0.753).
Conclusions
Implants installed in sites prepared using either low-rotational drilling without irrigation or high speed with irrigation presented similar amounts of osseointegration.
Journal Article
Rivers and streams
Examines why rivers and streams are important to life on Earth, including the relationships among rivers, humans, aquatic animals, and the rest of natural world.
Book
Near Human
Near Human takes us into the borders of human and animal
life. In the animal facility, fragile piglets substitute
for humans who cannot be experimented on. In the neonatal intensive
care unit, extremely premature infants prompt questions about
whether they are too fragile to save or, if they survive, whether
they will face a life of severe disability. Drawing on ethnographic
fieldwork carried out on farms, in animal-based experimental
science labs, and in hospitals, Mette N. Svendsen shows that
practices of substitution redirect the question of \"what it means\"
to be human to \"what it takes\" to be human. The near humanness of
preterm infants and research piglets becomes an avenue to unravel
how neonatal life is imagined, how societal belonging is evaluated,
and how the Danish welfare state is forged. This courageous
multi-sited and multi-species approach cracks open the complex
ethical field of valuating life and making different kinds of pigs
and different kinds of humans belong in Denmark.
eBook
Stem cells: a promising candidate to treat neurological disorders
Neurologic impairments are usually irreversible as a result of limited regeneration in the central nervous system. Therefore, based on the regenerative capacity of stem cells, transplantation therapies of various stem cells have been tested in basic research and preclinical trials, and some have shown great prospects. This manuscript overviews the cellular and molecular characteristics of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, retinal stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, and their derivatives in vivo and in vitro as sources for regenerative therapy. These cells have all been considered as candidates to treat several major neurological disorders and diseases, owing to their self-renewal capacity, multi-directional differentiation, neurotrophic properties, and immune modulation effects. We also review representative basic research and recent clinical trials using stem cells for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and age-related macular degeneration, as well as traumatic brain injury and glioblastoma. In spite of a few unsuccessful cases, risks of tumorigenicity, and ethical concerns, most results of animal experiments and clinical trials demonstrate efficacious therapeutic effects of stem cells in the treatment of nervous system disease. In summary, these emerging findings in regenerative medicine are likely to contribute to breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological disorders. Thus, stem cells are a promising candidate for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
Journal Article
Oceans and seas!
Explores the plants, animals, and ecology of oceans and seas. Includes 25 science projects and links to online resources.
Book
Healing at implants installed from ~ 70- to < 10-Ncm insertion torques: an experimental study in dogs
Objective
To evaluate histologically the early healing at implants installed with different insertion torques
Material and methods
Three months after the extraction of the mandibular premolars and of the first molars, two implants were installed monolaterally in the premolar and two in the molar regions of the edentulous alveolar ridge of twelve dogs. The recipient sites were prepared using drills of different diameter to obtain insertion torque of different values, i.e., 30 Ncm (control) or ~ 70 Ncm (test) in the premolar region, and < 10 Ncm (test) or ~ 50 Ncm (control) in the molar region. Six animals were euthanized after 4 weeks and six after 8 weeks of healing. Histological analyses were performed, and the Wilcoxon test was applied for statistical analyses.
Results
After 4 weeks of healing, in the premolar region, the new bone in contact with the implant surface was 65.0 ± 4.6% and 53.9 ± 13.5% at the ~ 30-Ncm and ~ 70-Ncm sites, respectively (
p
= 0.075). In the premolar region, new bone proportions were 51.4 ± 17.0% and 67.3 ± 7.0% at the < 10-Ncm and ~ 50-Ncm sites, respectively (
p
= 0.046). After 8 weeks of healing, in the premolar region, new bone reached fractions of 77.7 ± 16.2% at the ~ 30-Ncm sites, and 68.3 ± 12.1% at the ~ 70-Ncm sites (
p
= 0.028). In the molar region, new bone presented proportions of 70.2 ± 6.4% at the < 10-Ncm sites and 76.2 ± 9.4% at the ~ 50-Ncm sites (
p
= 0.173).
Conclusions
The insertion torque influenced the osseointegration of implants. Higher values of bone-to-implant contact percentages were registered for insertion torques of ~ 30 Ncm and ~ 50 Ncm. Implants inserted with torque < 10 Ncm became integrated with an optimal osseointegration.
Journal Article
Marshes and swamps!
\"In Marshes and swamps! With 25 science projects for kids, readers ages 7 to 10 explore wetlands through fun facts, cool illustrations, and hands-on STEM projects that deepen their understanding of these special places\"--Back cover.
Book
Ophthalmic surgical robot for precise retinal puncture and drug delivery
Subretinal injection (SI) is recognized as the most effective method for treating retinal degenerative and genetic diseases, enabling targeted delivery of therapeutic agents such as viral vectors or stem cells directly into the subretinal space (SRS). However, this procedure is typically performed under extremely constrained intraocular conditions, characterized by limited visualization, lack of tactile feedback, and the inherent fragility of retinal tissues, significantly increasing the risk of surgical complications and potential vision impairment. To overcome these challenges, an integrated force-sensing microneedle equipped with a flexible joint was developed and integrated into an ophthalmic surgical robotic system. This advanced system provides precise needle-tip pose control and real-time puncture force feedback. Leveraging these capabilities, force-guided autonomous retinal puncture was achieved, ensuring accurate and consistent drug delivery into the SRS. Comparative experiments conducted on live Bama pigs demonstrated the robotic system’s superiority over manual SI techniques, as evidenced by more stable puncture trajectories, smoother insertion velocities, precise insertion depths, and a greater than 90% reduction in average puncture force, despite respiratory and cardiac-induced disturbances, thus significantly enhancing surgical precision and minimizing the risk of iatrogenic retinal injury. Postoperative evaluations further validated that the robotic approach markedly reduced drug reflux into the vitreous cavity, underscoring its reliability and safety for SI. Force-sensing microneedle with flexible joint enables minimally invasive operations in complex intraocular environments. Robotic system equipped with microneedle enables autonomous SI under force feedback guidance. In vivo tests show >90% reduction in puncture force, with precise depth and stable trajectory, minimizing iatrogenic retinal damage.
Journal Article