Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
116
result(s) for
"Animals Food Juvenile literature."
Sort by:
Eats
\"Through inventive text and delightful paper cuts, young readers explore the relationship between animals and what they eat\"--P. [4] of cover.
Book
Smaller species but larger stages
Global warming can alter size distributions of animal communities, but the contribution of size shifts within versus between species to such changes remains unknown. In particular, it is unclear if expected body size shrinkage in response to warming, observed at the interspecific level, can be used to infer similar size shifts within species. In this study, we compare warming effects on interspecific (relative species abundance) versus intraspecific (relative stage abundance) size structure of competing consumers by analyzing stage-structured bioenergetic food web models consisting of one or two consumer species and two resources, parameterized for pelagic plankton. Varying composition and temperature and body size dependencies in these models, we predicted interspecific versus intraspecific size structure across temperature. We found that warming shifted community size structure toward dominance of smaller species, in line with empirical evidence summarized in our review of 136 literature studies. However, this result emerged only given a size–temperature interaction favoring small over large individuals in warm environments. In contrast, the same mechanism caused an intraspecific shift toward dominance of larger (adult) stages, reconciling disparate observations of size responses within and across zooplankton species in the literature. As the empirical evidence for warming-driven stage shifts is scarce and equivocal, we call for more experimental studies on intraspecific size changes with warming. Understanding the global warming impacts on animal communities requires that we consider and quantify the relative importance of mechanisms concurrently shaping size distributions within and among species.
Journal Article
Time to eat
Provides an introduction to what animals eat and how they collect, store, and digest their food.
Book
Squat lobster latitudinal life habitat shifts and metabolic response to combined temperature and oxygen conditions in the Humboldt Current System
We examined how a species inhabiting a latitudinal gradient, from warm oxygenated surface waters to cold oxygen-limited subsurface waters along the Eastern South Pacific (ESP) shelf, responds to latitudinal temperature shifts at low-oxygen isopleths. We combined temperature-oxygen sections from the World Ocean Database, historical records of pelagic/benthic
Grimothea monodon
occurrence across latitude, models with these data, and laboratory experiments assessing juveniles’ routine and postprandial metabolism under realistic temperature-oxygen conditions. The life habits (pelagic or benthic) of squat lobsters were related to temperature at the 2 mL O
2
L
−1
oxygen isopleth. At temperatures > 15 °C near the upper oxygen minimum zone isopleth, mostly pelagic individuals were observed, suggesting restricted vertical migration. The physiological performance of juveniles (main migratory stage) was negatively affected by high temperature-hypoxia interaction. Routine metabolic rates decreased by 60% under hypoxia at 21 °C, and postprandial metabolism (as Specific Dynamic Action) was also strongly reduced under those conditions.
Grimothea monodon
can shift between pelagic and benthic habitats across a range of ESP conditions, maintaining the intergenerational ability to alternate habitats. This plasticity, expressed as vertical expansion or restriction, may help maintain or expand its latitudinal ranges, with natural food webs and fisheries adjusting to its availability as key prey item.
Journal Article
Rapping about what animals eat
A survey of just what it is various animals eat and how varied or restricted diets of different creatures can be.
Book
Happy to breed in the city? Urban food resources limit reproductive output in Western Jackdaws
Urban areas expand worldwide, transforming landscapes and creating new challenging habitats. Some bird species, mainly omnivorous feeding on human waste and cavity nesters, commonly breed in these habitats and are, therefore, regarded as urban‐adapted. Although urban areas may provide new nesting sites and abundant human waste, the low breeding success found in some of these species suggests that the poor protein content in human waste might limit breeding parameters. We investigated whether the breeding success of a cavity nester and omnivorous species commonly breeding in urban areas, the Western Jackdaw (Corvus monedula), depended on the availability of good‐quality non‐urban food. We approached the objective by combining a literature review and experiments in the field. With the literature review, we compared jackdaw populations in different habitats across Europe and found that clutch size and number of fledglings per pair decreased with distance to non‐urban foraging grounds, even after controlling for the effect of colony size, latitude, and climate. In two experiments, we tested whether the breeding success of urban pairs could be increased by supplementing high‐quality food, first only during egg formation and second also until chick fledging. Food supplementation during egg formation led to larger eggs and higher hatching success than in urban control nests, but this did not result in higher chick survival. However, when food supplementation was prolonged until fledging in the second experiment, we observed a significant increase of nestling survival. These findings highlight that research and management actions should not only focus on species displaced by urbanization, but also on “urban‐adapted” species, as they might be suffering from a mismatch between availability of nesting sites in buildings and adequate non‐urban food resources. In these cases, nest sites should be provided in or close to adequate food resources.
Urban nesting sites and human waste attract many bird species. However, low‐protein content in human waste may lead to lower breeding success. Breeding output in urban areas decreases with distance to non‐urban foraging areas. Food supplementation experiments confirmed that urban food limits reproduction. The mismatch between nesting site availability and quality food should be reduced.
Journal Article
Where animals live
Describes different continents where animals live and how they live where they can find food.
Book
Could future ocean acidification be affecting the energy budgets of marine fish?
Abstract
With the unprecedented environmental changes caused by climate change including ocean acidification, it has become crucial to understand the responses and adaptive capacity of fish to better predict directional changes in the ecological landscape of the future. We conducted a systematic literature review to examine if simulated ocean acidification (sOA) could influence growth and reproduction in fish within the dynamic energy budget theory framework. As such, we chose to examine metabolic rate, locomotion, food assimilation and growth in early life stages (i.e. larvae and juvenile) and adults. Our goal was to evaluate if acclimatization to sOA has any directional changes in these traits and to explore potential implications for energetic trade-offs in these for growth and reproduction. We found that sOA had negligible effects on energetic expenditure for maintenance and aerobic metabolism due to the robust physiological capacity regulating acid–base and ion perturbations but substantive effects on locomotion, food assimilation and growth. We demonstrated evidence that sOA significantly reduced growth performance of fish in early life stages, which may have resulted from reduced food intake and digestion efficiency. Also, our results showed that sOA may enhance reproduction with increased numbers of offspring although this may come at the cost of altered reproductive behaviours or offspring fitness. While these results indicate evidence for changes in energy budgets because of physiological acclimatization to sOA, the heterogeneity of results in the literature suggests that physiological and neural mechanisms need to be clearly elucidated in future studies. Lastly, most studies on sOA have been conducted on early life stages, which necessitates that more studies should be conducted on adults to understand reproductive success and thus better predict cohort and population dynamics under ongoing climate change.
Lay Summary
Ocean acidification (OA) could alter energy budgets of marine fish. OA had negligible effects on aerobic metabolism, but substantive effects on locomotion, food assimilation and growth, suggesting a potential shift in energy budgets in the future. Also, OA may enhance reproduction potentially at the cost of altered reproductive behaviours or offspring fitness.
Journal Article
Vampires in nature
\"This photo-illustrated book for elementary readers describes animals that drink the blood of other animals and even people. Explains how these \"vampire\" animals find their hosts and which ones usually spread diseases when they feed on human blood\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Multiple stressors: modeling the effect of pollution, climate, and predation on viability of a sub‐arctic marine bird
Negative effects of long‐transported pollutants, such as many persistent organic pollutants (POPs), on seabirds and other top predators have been documented for decades. Yet, the concentrations, and hence, the negative impacts of many POPs have recently declined in the Northern Hemisphere. However, organisms are exposed to multiple stressors and the impacts of pollution act in concert with both natural and other anthropogenic stressors. In theory, this means that even sub‐lethal POP concentrations may cause adverse effects if they co‐occur with increased levels of other stressors. We tested the multiple stress hypothesis on common eiders, a marine duck with a northern geographical distribution, by assessing the relative importance of pollution, climate (winter sea surface temperature; SSTw), and egg predation on population dynamics and viability (i.e., extinction risk) using Leslie‐matrix population models. The model was parametrized by estimating reproduction and apparent adult survival using long‐term data from a common eider population in sub‐arctic Europe. Average annual adult survival was 0.80 (coefficient of variation [CV] = 22.00%) and showed a negative, both direct and delayed, relationship with SSTw. Average clutch size was 4.41 eggs (CV = 5.12%) and varied in time showing periods of both positive and negative trends, but showed no relationship with SSTw. We based immature survival on estimates from literature: 0.52 and 0.68 for juveniles and yearlings, respectively. Our model supported the multiple stress hypothesis as changes in a single stressor did not induce extinctions, unless the magnitude of our manipulations was extreme except for egg predation. The effect of pollution was, however, increasingly negative when it co‐occurred with a warming climate and egg predation—and population viability was lowest when all the stressors occurred simultaneously.
Journal Article