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"Animaux Alimentation."
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Eat, poop, die : how animals make our world
\"Reveals how ecosystems are sculpted and sustained by animals eating, pooping, and dying--and how these fundamental functions could help save us from climate catastrophe.\"--Dust jacket
Book
A general model of the thermal constraints on the world’s most destructive locust, Schistocerca gregaria
All terrestrial ectotherms are constrained to some degree by their thermal environment and the extent to which they can behaviorally buffer variable thermal conditions. New biophysical modeling methods (NicheMapR) allow the calculation of the body temperature of thermoregulating animals anywhere in the world from first principles, but require detailed observational data for parameterization and testing. Here we describe the thermoregulatory biology of marching bands of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, in the Sahara Desert of Mauritania where extreme heat and strong diurnal fluctuations are a major constraint on activity and physiological processes. Using a thermal infrared camera in the field, we showed that gregarious nymphs altered the microhabitats they used, as well as postural thermoregulatory behaviors, to maintain relatively high body temperature (nearly 40°C). Field and laboratory experiments demonstrated that the preferred body temperature accelerated digestive rates. Migratory bands frequently left foraging sites with full guts before consuming all vegetation and moved to another habitat before emptying their foregut. Thus, the repertoire for behavioral thermoregulation in the desert locust strongly facilitates foraging and digestion rates, which may accelerate developmental rates and increase survival.We used our data to successfully parameterize a general biophysical model of thermoregulatory behavior that could capture hourly body temperature and activity at our remote site using globally available environmental forcing data. This modeling approach provides a stronger basis for forecasting thermal constraints on locust outbreaks under current and future climates.
Journal Article
The Use of Drugs in Food Animals
The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns.
The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industries-poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease.
The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas:
Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries.
Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health.
The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management.
eBook
The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock
This book is an up to date reference work covering all aspects of macro and trace element nutrition in farm livestock. Sufficient information is given on metabolism, functions and interactions to explain why needs, feeds and imbalances are not always easy to define or anticipate. The major emphasis is on the mineral nutrition of ruminant livestock since they are most likely to be affected by imbalances but where pigs and poultry are the more vulnerable, extensive coverage of the non-ruminant is given. This new edition of a highly successful text has been thoroughly revised and significantly expanded. Many chapters have been extensively updated and several chapters on new topics introduced. Calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium are now treated separately. Over 40 new figures are presented, and extensive use made of tables to summarise important data. Chapters on trace elements have been drastically revised. Claims for enhanced availability for new chelated sources arecritically reviewed. Completely new chapters focus on: The unique need of the ruminant for elemental sulphur; Occasionally beneficial elements and essentially toxic elements; The improved conduct and interpretation of supplementation trials.
eBook
The effect of zinc and manganese source in the diet for laying hens on eggshell and bones quality
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Zn and Mn source (inorganic vs. organic) in the diet for hens on laying performance, eggshell and bones quality. The experiment was carried out on 84 Hy Line Brown hens, from 25 to 70 weeks of age, allocated to seven experimental groups, each containing 12 hens individually caged on wire-mesh floor. All layers were fed the same basal diet with 52 mg Zn/kg and 30 mg Mn/kg. Experimental diets were supplemented with 30 mg Zn/kg and 50 mg Mn/kg and inorganic forms of Zn (ZnO) and Mn (MnO) were gradually replaced (in 0, 50 or 100%) with their organic sources (amino acid complexes). Egg production, egg weight, feed intake and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary treatments. Substitution of Zn and Mn oxides with amino acid complexes of microelements had no effect on physical and geometrical characteristics of tibia, ash content in tibia and in toes, eggshell percent, eggshell thickness and eggshell density, but improved (P less than 0.05) the eggshell breaking strength in the late phase of the laying cycle (at 62 and 70 weeks of age). Our results indicate that feeding Zn and Mn organic complexes could alleviate the negative effect of hen age on eggshell breaking strength.
Journal Article
Phosphorus and calcium utilization and requirements in farm animals
Mineral nutrition of livestock is an area of significant importance due to its contribution to farm animal economics and health. With a focus on macromineral utilization in farm animals, this book brings together quantitative aspects of phosphorus and calcium metabolism in farm animals in chapters written by leading researchers worldwide. It covers isotope dilution technique, phosphorus and calcium utilization in ruminants (sheep, goats and cattle) and non-ruminants (swine, horses) and recommended value of phosphorus and calcium inclusion in feed. It is an essential resource for researchers and students in animal sciences and nutrition.
eBook
Assessment of standardized ileal digestibility and basal ileal endogenous losses of amino acids associated with barley in growing pigs
In 2013, more than 308 million tons of cereals were produced within the European Union, of which about 60 million tons were grown as barley. The protein content of barley is rather low when compared to protein feedstuffs such as soybean meal. However, due to its high dietary inclusion level, up to half of the protein requirement of pigs can be met by barley.
eBook
Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition of cattle: reducing the environmental impact of cattle operations
There are tremendous benefits to feeding ruminants nitrogen and phosphorus supplements, in terms of milk production and productivity. However what goes in, must also come out. Nitrogen and phosphorus excretions from dairy cattle are a major environmental pollutant. This book describes the latest knowledge in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition of cattle including requirements, ruminal and total tract metabolism, possibilities of increasing the efficiency of nitrogen utilization and reducing nitrogen and phosphorus excretions from dairy and beef operations. It also includes aspects of the effects of dietary nitrogen and phosphorus on the reproductive efficiency of cattle.
eBook
Amino acids in animal nutrition
Fully updated from first edition Includes a wider range of animals Covers both farm and companion animals. Amino acid metabolism and nutrition of farm animals continues to be an active area of research. However, since the publication of the first edition, as Amino Acids in Farm Animal Nutrition (1994), there is now a need to take into account advances in the amino acid nutrition of a wider range of animals, including companion animals. In this new edition, the editor has retained chapters imparting strength to the first version, while introducing authors with new ideas and vision, as well as chapters on other animals such as cats and dogs. The book is theamatically structured and includes chapters of an introductory and general nature with applications to a wide range of animal species, species-related sections, including pigs, poultry, ruminants and other animals and cover applications and perspectives.
eBook