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"Antennas (Electronics)"
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Design of a Compact and Minimalistic Intermediate Phase Shifting Feed Network for IKa/I-Band Electrical Beam Steering
Intermediate phase shifting is a footprint- and cost-reduction technique for reconfigurable feed networks. These feed networks are utilized in antenna arrays to perform electrical beam steering. In intermediate phase shifting, a phase shifter is shared between two adjacent antennas. Conventionally, antennas only have individual phase shifters. With shared phase shifters, we reduce the number of components and the footprint by 25%. Consequently, this decreases the price and enables designs at millimeter-wave frequencies where space is limited due to frequency-dependent antenna spacing. This intermediate phase shifting is demonstrated by designing a reconfigurable feed network for the Ka-band that generates a continuous phase shift profile for beam steering. Due to the use of varactors and a novel biasing method, it does not require expensive beamformer integrated chips or lumped components for biasing. The feed network is combined with a 4 × 4 antenna array to demonstrate its beam-steering capabilities. The result is a high-density and minimalistic design that fits in a small volume of 25.6 × 25.6 × 0.95 mm[sup.3]. With this small antenna array, the main beam is steered at ±40[sup.∘] broadside, providing full 1D and restricted 2D steering. It is a potential candidate for wireless sensor and mobile networks.
Journal Article
Microcrystalline Luminescent Antenna MOFs: Effect of Dopant Content on Structure, Particle Morphology, and Luminescent Properties
In this work, three series of micro-sized heterometallic europium-containing terephthalate MOFs, (Eu[sub.1-x]Ln[sub.x])[sub.2]bdc[sub.3]·nH[sub.2]O (Ln = La, Gd, Lu), are synthesized via an ultrasound-assisted method in an aqueous medium. La[sup.3+] and Gd[sup.3+]-doped terephthalates are isostructural to Eu[sub.2]bdc[sub.3]·4H[sub.2]O. Lu[sup.3+]-doped compounds are isostructural to Eu[sub.2]bdc[sub.3]·4H[sub.2]O with Lu contents lower than 95 at.%. The compounds that are isostructural to Lu[sub.2]bdc[sub.3]·2.5H[sub.2]O are formed at higher Lu[sup.3+] concentrations for the (Eu[sub.1-x]Lu[sub.x])[sub.2]bdc[sub.3]·nH[sub.2]O series. All materials consist of micrometer-sized particles. The particle shape is determined by the crystalline phase. All the synthesized samples demonstrate an “antenna” effect: a bright-red emission corresponding to the [sup.5]D[sub.0]-[sup.7]F[sub.J] transitions of Eu[sup.3+] ions is observed upon 310 nm excitation into the singlet electronic excited state of terephthalate ions. The fine structure of the emission spectra is determined by the crystalline phase due to the different local symmetries of the Eu[sup.3+] ions in the different kinds of crystalline structures. The photoluminescence quantum yield and [sup.5]D[sub.0] excited state lifetime of Eu[sup.3+] are equal to 11 ± 2% and 0.44 ± 0.01 ms, respectively, for the Ln[sub.2]bdc[sub.3]·4H[sub.2]O structures. For the (Eu[sub.1-x]Lu[sub.x])[sub.2]bdc[sub.3]·2.5H[sub.2]O compounds, significant increases in the photoluminescence quantum yield and [sup.5]D[sub.0] excited state lifetime of Eu[sup.3+] are observed, reaching 23% and 1.62 ms, respectively.
Journal Article
Beamforming with 1 × IN/I Conformal Arrays
The rapid growth of wireless spectrum access through cellular and IoT devices, for example, requires antennas with more capabilities such as being conformal and self-adapting beamforming. In this paper, the adaptive beamforming patterns of microstrip patch antenna arrays on changing flexible (or conformal) curved surfaces are developed by deriving array coefficients based on the projection method that includes the mutual coupling between elements. A linear four-element microstrip patch antenna array is then embedded on two deformed conformal surfaces to investigate the projection method for desired beamforming patterns. The generated beamforming radiation patterns using the computed weighting coefficients are validated with theoretical equations evaluated in MATLAB, full-wave simulations in HFSS and measurement results. The measured results of the fabricated system agree with the simulated results. Furthermore, new guidelines are provided on the effects of mutual coupling and changing conformal surfaces for various beam-forming patterns. Such demonstrations pave the way to an efficient and robust conformal phased-array antenna with multiple beam forming and adaptive nulling capabilities.
Journal Article
Modern small antennas
\"If you are involved in designing and developing small antennas, this complete, cutting-edge guide covers everything you need to know. From fundamentals and basic theory to design optimization, evaluation, measurements and simulation techniques, all the essential information is included. You will also get many practical examples from a range of wireless systems, whilst a glossary is provided to bring you up to speed on the latest terminology. A wide variety of small antennas is covered, and design and practice steps are described for each type: electrically small, functionally small, physically constrained small and physically small. Whether you are a professional in industry, a researcher, or a graduate student, this is your essential guide to small antennas\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Reconfigurable antennas
This book is primarily targeted to the young engineers and researchers who are planning to start their early careers in the field of reconfigurable antenna designs; and also at the experienced scientists, who are planning to keep themselves updated on the state-of-the- art designs in reconfigurable antennas. This book would serve as a single platform wherein the discussion would range from the basic design methodology to advanced designs, and current work scenarios. The book aims at covering the basic designs and methodology of reconfigurable antennas, to the recent developments in the field of reconfigurable antennas, metasurface-based reconfigurable designs, reflectarray and transmitarray based structures, and liquid-based reconfigurable antennas. Part of IOP Series in Electromagnetics and Metamaterials.
eBook
Antennas for IoT
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest trends in Internet of Things (IoT) antenna design. IoT is a rapidly growing network of interconnected devices that can collect and exchange data. This data can be used to improve efficiency, safety, and productivity in many applications, including smart cities, grids, industrial internet, computer security, etc. One of the main components of the IoT is the antenna. Antennas are responsible for transmitting and receiving the data that flows between IoT devices. To be effective, IoT antennas must be small, light, and easy to integrate into devices. They must also be able to operate in various environments, including those with elevated interference levels. This resource covers a wide range of topics, including the challenges and opportunities involved in designing antennas for IoT applications and the importance of miniaturization in IoT antenna design. A comprehensive list of references is included, making it a valuable resource for further study. This is an essential resource for engineers, researchers, and anyone who wants to learn more about the latest trends in IoT antenna design.
eBook
Correction: Dual-band MIMO antenna with low mutual coupling for 2.4/5.8 GHz communication and wearable technologies
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301924.].
Journal Article