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Implant-associated infections (IAIs) are severe complications following orthopedic procedures involving implanted materials. Previous researchers had created various antibacterial coatings to prevent early postoperative infections. Nevertheless, these coatings frequently lack the wear-resistant properties necessary for long-term effectiveness, and their production process is intricate. To overcome this challenge, we developed and employed a chemical technique, incorporating Ag or Cu 2 O nanoparticles uniformly into the surface of titanium alloys to confer antibacterial properties. The microstructure and elemental composition of the coating were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Our results demonstrated that the coating exhibited potent antibacterial activity, eliminating nearly all adhered bacteria within the first 6 hours. Prolonged friction test results revealed that the coating retained notable antibacterial activity and excellent biocompatibility. Notably, the straightforward fabrication process of this coating could allow for its application on implants of various shapes and materials, underscoring its potential for broad clinical adoption. In summary, this simple chemical method for surface modification of titanium alloys could provide long-lasting antibacterial properties, offering a cost-efficient and transformative strategy for preventing implant-associated infections. Graphical Abstract A. Preparation and characterization of the Ag or Cu2O nanoparticle coatings based on titanium alloy. This simple chemical deposition method for surface modification of titanium alloys provides long-lasting antibacterial properties and wear resistance. B. In-vitro antibacterial activity assay. The number of bacteria on the Ag and Cu-coated samples was significantly reduced compared to the control group. The bacterial surfaces in the samples showed significant damage, such as rupture, collapse, and distortion. C-D. In-vivo antibacterial assay of the acute osteomyelitis models and subcutaneous infection models. These nanoparticle coatings exhibit excellent in vivo antibacterial properties and maintain favorable antibacterial efficacy even after prolonged wear. Created in BioRender. Fang, J. (2025) https://BioRender.com/v64b128

Nanocomposites based on Keggin-type polyoxometalate H 5 PV 2 Mo 10 O 40 (POM) and organically modified silicate (Ormosil) were prepared by sol-gel processes. The physical properties of the Ormosil/POM composites were examined using FTIR, UV, SEM, TEM and XRD. These techniques indicated that the POM was bond to the Ormosil matrix after impregnation. The antibacterial effects of Ormosil/POM and the Ormosil+POM were assessed by the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). A higher POM proportion used in the Ormosil/POM yielded a stronger antimicrobial effect that was superior to Ormosil+POM. The excellent antibacterial performance of Ormosil/POM-10 compositean was discovered. Ormosil/POM composites were therefore believed to have great potential for use as an antibacterial material. Graphical Abstract This study used the sol-gel method to produce Ormosil/POM nanocomposites with antimicrobial effects, suitable for antimicrobial textiles. Highlights The POM was chemically bonded to the carrier to solve the problem of separation. The original structural characteristics of Ormosil and POM remained unaffected. The addition of more POM led to a stronger interaction force with SiO 2 . A higher POM proportion used in the Ormosil/POM yielded a stronger antimicrobial effect.

Owing to its high production volume and wide range of applications, polyethylene has gained a great deal of attention, but its low surface energy and non-polar nature have limited its application in some important fields. In this study, ethylene/11-iodo-1-undecene copolymers were prepared and used as the intermediates to afford a series of imidazolium-based ionomers bearing methanesulfonate (CH 3 SO 3 − ), trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF 3 SO 3 − ), or bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (Tf 2 N − ) counteranions. The tensile test results showed that the stress-at-break (7.8–25.6 MPa) and the elongation-at-break (445%–847%) of the ionomers could be adjusted by changing the counterion species and the ionic group contents. Most importantly, the ionomers exhibited marvelous antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). The ionomers bearing Tf 2 N − exhibited antibacterial activities >99% against both S. aureus and E. coli when ionic content reached 9.1%. The imidazolium-based ionomers prepared in this work demonstrated excellent comprehensive properties, especially high-efficient and broad-spectrum antibacterial ability, exhibiting the potential for the application as the antibacterial materials in packaging, medical, and other fields.

A green antibacterial material was successfully prepared using natural attapulgite and carvacrol by a facile mechanical milling. The stable hybrid nanocomposites were formed after the zeolitic water molecules of attapulgite was substituted by the carvacrol molecules under the effect of mechanical force. It was found that the 30 wt% of carvacrol added amount and the 30 min of grinding time were the appropriate parameters for preparation a stable hybrid. Furthermore, the fast release behavior of carvacrol molecules provided good antibacterial property for the obtained antibacterial material, and the minimum inhibitory concentration values against both Staphylococci aureus and Escherichia coli were 2.0 mg/mL. Therefore, it is expected to develop a facile and promising strategy for preparation green antibacterial material to replace the synthetic antibiotic used in animal feeding.

In this work, we have prepared novel bio-inspired photoactive antibacterial polymer coatings on stainless steel (SS), which possess good mechanical and antibacterial properties. The formation of the photoactive antibacterial polymer coatings consists of the sequential deposition of three components on SS substrate (1) a catechol-based cationic glue P(mDOPA)- co -P(DMAEMA + ) used as a universal primer, which facilitates the strong anchoring to SS; (2) a silver loaded (Pox(mDOPA)-Ag 0 /PAH) nanogel decorated with o -quinones applied to enhance the antibacterial properties of the coating and to permit the covalent grafting of the photosensitizer, and (3) an ethylene diamine derivative of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX-ED). Porphyrins are widely recognized for their antibacterial activity by producing reactive oxygen species when exposed to visible light. To estimate the deposition of the components on the SS substrate, SEM-EDX elemental mapping analysis was applied. Scratch test, nanoindentation, and accelerated property mapping (XPM) analysis were used to assess the mechanical properties of the coatings. The established antibacterial activity of the prepared photoactive polymer coatings on SS against Gram-positive B. subtilis and Gram-negative E. coli strains demonstrates their potential applications in medical and biomedical fields.

The study focused on the development of curcumin functionalized biodegradable composite films from gelatine & rice starch. The composite films from gelatine & rice starch were prepared by simple solution casting method. Before the completion of drying process of the composite, the curcumin solution (0.25, 0.5 and 1g/L) was exposed to increase its antibacterial property. Chemical, Mechanical and moisture sorption studies of the composites were carried out to confirm the composite’s potential application as an antibacterial packaging material.

Mold on the phosphogypsum wallboard seriously hinders the resource utilization of phosphogypsum, and incorporating inorganic antibacterial materials can effectively inhibit mold growth. In this study, Escherichia coli and wallboard mold were used as experimental strains, and the antibacterial activity of antibacterial material-modified calcined gypsum from phosphogypsum (CPG) was determined using the inhibition zone method and mold surface growth area analysis. Characterization techniques such as XRF, XRD, and SEM were used to study the phase composition and microstructure of the samples, and an antibacterial model was constructed to explore the antibacterial mechanism. The results indicated that using E. coli as an indicator bacterium, ZnO-0.05TiO 2 -CPG exhibited the best bactericidal effect, while ZnO-CPG exhibited the best bacteriostatic effect. Against mold, ZnO contents of 2.5% or 5% demonstrated strong antibacterial properties, with compressive strengths of 10.1 MPa and 9.95 MPa, respectively, meeting the requirements of ≥3.50 MPa for compressive strength according to the ‘Lightweight Partition Plates for Building’ standard (GB/T 23451 2009). The superior antibacterial performance of ZnO compared to TiO 2 is attributed to the slow release of Zn 2+ , which disrupts cell membranes and the generated reactive oxygen species inhibit cell growth.

Textiles can be contaminated with pathogens during household laundering, potentially leading to human sickness. In this work, chitosan (CTS) was used as a substrate to prepare Ag/Cu-CTS composite, which was applied in laundering and showed a remarkable antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The mechanical strength of Ag/Cu-CTS composite beads was higher than 400 MPa. The Ag/Cu-CTS composite were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. This composite had a strong inhibitory effect on several laundry pathogens, such as Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Using a standard laundering program and 15 g of Ag/Cu-CTS composite beads, the antibacterial rates reached 99.9%, and no silver emission was detected, thereby satisfying the Chinese requirement for washing machines. After 160 runs of laundering tests, this composite still has an excellent antibacterial effect. For the first time, chitosan is successfully applied as an antibacterial material on household electric appliances.

HighlightsFabrication, characterizations and photothermal properties of MXenes are systematically described.Photothermal-derived antibacterial performances and mechanisms of MXenes-based materials are summarized and reviewed.Recent advances in the derivative applications relying on antibacterial properties of MXenes-based materials, including in vitro and in vivo sterilization, solar water evaporation and purification, and flexible antibacterial fabrics, are investigated.The pernicious bacterial proliferation and emergence of super-resistant bacteria have already posed a great threat to public health, which drives researchers to develop antibiotic-free strategies to eradicate these fierce microbes. Although enormous achievements have already been achieved, it remains an arduous challenge to realize efficient sterilization to cut off the drug resistance generation. Recently, photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising solution to efficiently damage the integrity of pathogenic bacteria based on hyperthermia beyond their tolerance. Until now, numerous photothermal agents have been studied for antimicrobial PTT. Among them, MXenes (a type of two-dimensional transition metal carbides or nitrides) are extensively investigated as one of the most promising candidates due to their high aspect ratio, atomic-thin thickness, excellent photothermal performance, low cytotoxicity, and ultrahigh dispersibility in aqueous systems. Besides, the enormous application scenarios using their antibacterial properties can be tailored via elaborated designs of MXenes-based materials. In this review, the synthetic approaches and textural properties of MXenes have been systematically presented first, and then the photothermal properties and sterilization mechanisms using MXenes-based materials are documented. Subsequently, recent progress in diverse fields making use of the photothermal and antibacterial performances of MXenes-based materials are well summarized to reveal the potential applications of these materials for various purposes, including in vitro and in vivo sterilization, solar water evaporation and purification, and flexible antibacterial fabrics. Last but not least, the current challenges and future perspectives are discussed to provide theoretical guidance for the fabrication of efficient antimicrobial systems using MXenes.

The use of copper for reducing nosocomial infections or healthcare-acquired infections (HAI) has been carried out in intensive care units (ICU) by replacing some objects generally made of stainless steel or other materials with solid pieces of copper. The authors’ proposal for a sustainable use of copper consists of introducing it in a “lamina + adhesive” format. This proposal has been tested in an ICU at the Ceuta Hospital in Spain. It has been found to provide an equally efficient solution as antibacterial material than the usual “solid” format, but with only a layer of 50 microns of copper, which is a high-cost and limited resource. After that intervention, some improvements are also proposed: a standardization of the pieces chosen to cover with a lamina of copper for saving material; and another method of replacement aiming to lower the time that the ICU cannot be used. To ensure that the proposed bonding method is harmless to human health and the adhesive does not interfere with the indoor environment by releasing toxic chemicals, the “lamina + adhesive” sheet has been further tested. The results and proposals are briefly shown.